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Introduction
Publications
Publications (289)
Background
A systematic review is a type of literature review that uses rigorous methods to synthesize evidence from multiple studies on a specific topic. It is widely used in academia, including medical and social science research. Social science is an academic discipline that focuses on human behaviour and society. However, consensus regarding th...
Official development agencies are increasingly supporting civil society lobby and advocacy (L&A) to address poverty and human rights. However, there are challenges in evaluating L&A. As programme objectives are often to change policies or practices in a single institution like a Government Ministry, L&A programmes are often not amenable to large-n...
Background: Global statistics indicate that there is still a significant need to invest in the health of women, children, and adolescents (WCAH) to reduce the disease burden and ensure that they have access to the required quality healthcare. This review aims to answer the following research question: What is the nature and extent of the evidence b...
Background
Homework is a common educational task given to students around the world. It demands mental exertion, but staying focused can be challenging, especially for K‐12 students. Too much homework can increase their cognitive load and mental fatigue, leading to decreased motivation and performance. This can cause boredom with homework and learn...
Background
Climate change poses a significant threat to agricultural production worldwide, with developing countries being particularly vulnerable to its negative impacts. Agriculture, which is a crucial factor in ensuring food security and livelihoods, is particularly vulnerable to changes in climate patterns, such as increased temperatures, droug...
Background
Value chain interventions have become widespread throughout the international development sector over the last 20 years, and there is a need to evaluate their effectiveness in improving women's welfare across multiple dimensions. Agricultural value chains are influenced by socio‐cultural norms and gender dynamics that have an impact on t...
Background
Observational studies can inform how we understand and address persisting health inequities through the collection, reporting and analysis of health equity factors. However, the extent to which the analysis and reporting of equity-relevant aspects in observational research are generally unknown. Thus, we aimed to systematically evaluate...
Background
Road Traffic injuries (RTI) are among the top ten leading causes of death in the world resulting in 1.35 million deaths every year, about 93% of which occur in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). Despite several global resolutions to reduce traffic injuries, they have continued to grow in many countries. Many high‐income countries...
This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The review will address the following research questions: (1) What are the effects of economic development interventions on the economic outcomes of people in humanitarian settings? What factors explain any observed variations in effect such as setting, programme design features or duration? (2...
Background
Micro‐, small‐, and medium‐sized enterprises (MSMEs) account for the vast majority of firms in most economies, particularly in developing nations, and are key contributors to job creation and global economic development. However, the most significant impediment to MSME development in low‐ and middle‐income countries is a lack of access t...
This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The main objective of the review is to answer the following questions: What is the impact of mechanisation on agriculture? What is the impact of mechanisation on women's economic empowerment? The study will review the impact of mechanisation on labour demand and supply, land and labour producti...
This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows: The primary objective of this review is to understand as well as evaluate what approaches, strategies or interventions focused on women's engagement in agricultural value chains and markets that have led to women's economic empowerment in low‐and‐middle‐income cou...
Background
Addressing persistent and pervasive health inequities is a global moral imperative, which has been highlighted and magnified by the societal and health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Observational studies can aid our understanding of the impact of health and structural oppression based on the intersection of gender, race, ethnicity, a...
Background
People with disabilities—more than a billion people worldwide—are frequently excluded from social and political life, and often experience stigmatising attitudes and behaviours from people without disabilities. This stigma, coupled with inaccessible environments and systems and institutional barriers (e.g., lack of inclusive legislation)...
Scoping reviews, mapping reviews, and evidence and gap maps are evidence synthesis methodologies that address broad research questions, aiming to describe a bigger picture rather than address a specific question about intervention effectiveness. They are being increasingly used to support a range of purposes including guiding research priorities an...
This is the protocol for a Campbell evidence and gap map. The objective of the map is to map available systematic reviews on the effectiveness of treatments for depressive disorders among adults. Specifically, this EGM includes studies on the effectiveness of treatments across a range of outcome domains.
This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows. The proposed evidence and gap map will present relevant process evaluations and other studies of barriers and facilitators, both qualitative and quantitative, for eligible homelessness interventions to highlight the issues arising in the implementation of these in...
This report details the findings of the fourth update of the evidence and gap map on effectiveness of interventions for homeless or at the risk of homelessness. It also discusses the evidence base on homelessness for effectiveness research in the UK.
Background
Despite several global resolutions to improve road safety, road traffic injuries (RTI) have continued to grow in many countries, indicating gaps in evidence on intervention that work.
Method
We developed an Evidence Gap Map (EGM) to identify existing evidence from all effectiveness studies and systematic reviews related to road safety i...
There is increasing recognition of the advantages of using mixed methods with RCTs. In education settings, the authors recommend preceding RCTs (quantitative) with both formative research and formative evaluation (usually qualitative), which will help assess targeting, problem analysis, feasibility and acceptability of an intervention. In subsequen...
This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The review will address the following research questions: What is the evidence on the effects of adult mentoring programmes in reducing anti‐social, violent and offending behaviour in children aged under 18 years? Are these effects sustained after the end of mentoring? Which aspects/features of...
Women's groups are a widely implemented and researched development intervention, particularly in South Asia and Africa. Groups encompass many models and aim to address a range of objectives. However, there is no consistent approach to describing their varied implementation models, which hinders the accurate interpretation of evidence and construct...
The evidence review aims to answer the following questions:
• What evidence exists regarding the effectiveness of interventions that seek to promote women's empowerment in the fields of development and environment?
• How can interventions be clustered most effectively to allow for aggregation and meta- analysis? What are the effects of selected i...
The empowerment of rural women and girls in their households, communities, and society is intrinsic to climate action, equitable and inclusive food systems and, more broadly, achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. However, systematic evidence to guide investments and programme design regarding the effectiveness of various life skills interven...
The main aim of this article is to summarize the best available evidence (from systematic reviews) of the eff ectiveness of 12 types of interventions in reducing juvenile off ending and antisocial behaviour. In the interests of making the results widely understandable to researchers, practitioners, policy makers, and the general public, all eff ect...
This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows: (1) To evaluate the reporting quality of systematic reviews published in Chinese social science journals against the PRISMA and MOOSE standards; (2) To evaluate the methodology quality of systematic reviews published in Chinese social science journals against the...
This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows: the primary objective of this review is to synthesise evidence of the effectiveness of interventions to promote climate‐smart agriculture to enhance agricultural outcomes and resilience of women farmers in low‐and‐middle‐income countries (research question 1). The...
This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows. The review will address the following research questions: (1) What are the long‐ and short‐term effects of wilderness therapy and adventure learning on anti‐social behaviour and violent and other offending behaviour? What factors explain any heterogeneity (i.e., m...
We present the findings of a scoping review to examine the evidence base and evidence
gaps on women’s groups in Uganda. We appraised the evidence base on the impact,
cost-effectiveness, and implementation of women’s groups in Uganda to understand
both the evidence that exists and the evidence gaps that remain. In addition, we present
analysis of th...
This report details the findings of the third update of evidence and gap map on the implementation issues of interventions for those experiencing or likely to experience homelessness. The research was funded by the Centre for Homelessness Impact, UK
This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of life skills training intervention programmes in empowering women in developing countries. Life skills training has emerged as a popular approach to empowerment, often as a part of a multicomponent intervention. Overall, the systematic review finds that life skills positively affect a range of se...
This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objective of this systematic review is to assess the effectiveness of interventions with gender transformative approach (GTA) components in improving women's empowerment in low‐ and middle‐income countries, and to curate evidence on the mechanisms through which GTA works to improve women's...
Serious youth violence is a complex issue affecting children and young people (CYP), who are disproportionately more likely than adults to be victims of violent crime in the UK and Ireland. There are a range of interventions and approaches to prevent CYP from being involved in crime and violence. The focus of the literature has mostly been on discr...
Background
People with disabilities—more than a billion people worldwide—are frequently excluded from livelihood opportunities, including employment, social protection, and access to finance. Interventions are therefore needed to improve livelihood outcomes for people with disabilities, such as improving access to financial capital (e.g., social pr...
Background: The mitigation of unfair and avoidable differences in health is an increasing global priority. Observational studies including cohort, cross-sectional and case-control studies tend to report social determinants of health which could inform evidence syntheses on health equity and social justice. However, the extent of reporting and analy...
There is a broad spectrum of interventions targeted at gender equality in developing countries. However, to our knowledge, there is no evidence gap map on the effectiveness of interventions to improve women’s empowerment in developing countries. This evidence gap map (EGM) plots studies on the effectiveness of interventions for women’s empowerment...
Background
Globally, 13% of the youth are not in education, employment or training (NEET). Moreover, this persistent problem has been exacerbated by the shock of Covid‐19 pandemic. More youth from disadvantaged backgrounds are likely unemployed than those from better off backgrounds. Thus, the need for increased use of evidence in the design and im...
There are great disparities in the quantity and quality of transport infrastructure. Differences in access to investment are often exacerbated by weak governance and an inadequate regulatory framework with poor enforcement which lead to high costs and defective construction. The wellbeing of many poor people is constrained by lack of transport, whi...
Background
There are great disparities in the quantity and quality of infrastructure. European countries such as Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, and the UK have close to 200 km of road per 100 km², and the Netherlands over 300 km per 100 km². By contrast, Kenya and Indonesia have <30, Laos and Morocco <20, Tanzania and Bolivia <10, and Mauritania on...
This review will synthesize the results from publications focused on homework time and academic performance, and estimate the relationship between the two. Our objectives are: (1) To identify the extent of the relationship between homework time and students' academic performance; (2) To analyze the differences in the effectiveness of homework time...
The objectives of this review are to answer the following research questions: (1) What is the nature of the interventions used to support education for people with disabilities? (2) What is the size and quality of the evidence base of the effectiveness of interventions to improve educational outcomes for people with disabilities in low‐ and middle‐...
The research question guiding the production of the youth employment evidence and gap map (EGM) is stated as follows: What is the nature and extent of the evidence base of impact evaluations and systematic reviews on youth employment programmes in the world? The primary objective of is to catalogue impact evaluations and systematic reviews on youth...
The objectives of this review are to: (1) examine the effectiveness of interventions for improving social inclusion outcomes for people with disabilities (physical, visual, hearing, intellectual or mental health conditions) in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs); and (2) to critically appraise the confidence in study finding of the included st...
The objectives of this review are to answer the following research questions: (1) What is the effect size of the effectiveness of interventions to improve livelihood outcomes for people with disabilities in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), and what is the quality of the evidence base? (2) What works to improve livelihood outcomes for peopl...
Background
Due to their characteristics, plastics are ubiquitous across global food systems, which is contributing to environmental pollution. Circular economy policies should account for the myriad effects of plastics across interdependent environmental, human health, and food security and economic domains. However, the available evidence is dispa...
Plastic pollution arising from food systems is driving policies for reduction, removal, reuse and recycling, but literature on plastic uses and outcomes across subsectors is fragmented. We use a systematic scoping review to describe the extent, range and nature of published evidence since 2000 on seven major plastic types used at any point within f...
New tools, metrics, and methods in agriculture, food systems, and nutrition (A&N) research proliferated in the decade following the 2007–2008 food price crisis. We map these developments across themes derived from conceptual A&N pathways and expert consultations. We created an interactive Evidence and Gap Map (EGM) from a systematic search of publi...
This paper is the initial Position Statement of Evidence Synthesis International, a new partnership of organizations that produce, support and use evidence synthesis around the world. The paper (i) argues for the importance of synthesis as a research exercise to clarify what is known from research evidence to inform policy, practice and personal de...
Evidence and Gap Maps (EGMs) are a systematic evidence synthesis product which display the available evidence relevant to a specific research question. EGMs are produced following the same principles as a systematic reviews, that is: specify a PICOS, a comprehensive search, screening against explicit inclusion and exclusion criteria, and systematic...
Women’s groups are a widely implemented and researched development intervention,
particularly in South Asia and Africa. Groups encompass many models such as self-help
groups, mother’s groups and workers’ cooperatives and aim to address a range of objectives, such as improved livelihoods, health and community solidarity. However, there is no consist...
Background
Despite a considerable reduction in child mortality, nearly six million children under the age of five die each year. Millions more are poorly nourished and in many parts of the world, the quality of education remains poor. Children are at risk from multiple violations of their rights, including child labour, early marriage, and sexual e...
Background
More than half of the children in the world experience some form of interpersonal violence every year. As compared with high‐income countries, policy responses in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) are limited due to resource constraints and paucity of evidence for effective interventions to reduce violence against children in thei...
This protocol sets forth the aim, and purpose of a scoping review to
examine the evidence base and evidence gaps on women’s groups in Uganda. Specifically, we will appraise the evidence base on the impact, cost-effectiveness, and implementation of women’s groups in Uganda to understand both the evidence that exists and the evidence gaps that remain...
This is a protocol for a co‐registered Cochrane and Campbell Review (Methodology). The objectives are as follows: To identify, describe and assess methods for: when to replicate a systematic review; how to replicate a systematic review.