Horst E. Friedrich

Horst E. Friedrich
  • German Aerospace Center (DLR)

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337
Publications
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1,539
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Current institution
German Aerospace Center (DLR)

Publications

Publications (337)
Article
Full-text available
In order to reduce the environmental impacts caused by the transport sector, autonomous and electrified on-the-road modular vehicles (otrm) could be a solution. By separating the drive unit from the transport unit, they enable use cases for various transport tasks and reduce individual and motorized transport and its generated emissions. Therefore,...
Article
Full-text available
Companies facing transformation in the automotive industry will need to adapt to new trends, technologies and functions, in order to remain competitive. The challenge is to anticipate such trends and to forecast their development over time. The aim of this paper is to develop a methodology that allows us to analyze the temporal development of techn...
Conference Paper
Im Rahmen der Veranstaltung "Holz trifft Mobilität" wurde eine Keynote-Präsentation zum Thema "Werkstoffe und Bauweisen als Treiber für Innovationen im Automobilbau" gehalten. Inhaltlich wird die Rolle von unterschiedlichen Werkstoffen in der Geschichte des Automobilbaus diskutiert und in den Kontext zu den jeweiligen Bauweisen gestellt. Die Zeitac...
Article
This paper proposes an approach based on the Axiomatic Design to implementing functional integration for product conception in the project early phase. At the concept stage, engineers must rely on their own experience and expertise to generate the realisable concepts and select the best one. However, the combination of products especially with comp...
Article
Full-text available
A promising approach to the development of sustainable and resource saving alternatives to conventional material solutions in vehicle structures is the use of renewable raw materials. One group of materials that has particular potential for this application is wood. The specific material properties of wood in the longitudinal fiber direction are co...
Conference Paper
An important factor to meet the climate protection goals in the rail and automotive industry is vehicle light-weighting. Multimaterials and hybrid-materials are effective approaches to de-velop lighter structures while still exceeding safety standards. In the context of lightweighting, the usage of wood was not properly considered in recent years....
Article
Der erste Prototyp der modularen Plattform Urban Modular Vehicle des Forschungsprojekt Next Generation Car (NGC) ist als 2+2-Sitzer-Peoplemover realisiert worden. Im NGC-Projekt arbeiten Wissenschaftler des Deutschen Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) an Verkehrsträgern der Mobilität von morgen. Es werden unterschiedliche Mobilitäts- und Fahrze...
Conference Paper
The increased public interest in green technology combined with new environmental policies results in the need for light-weight vehicles with a reduced global environmental impact. A method that is gaining importance is the reduction of the cradle-to-grave carbon footprint of utilized materials. For structural components, one promising approach is...
Article
Full-text available
Today commercial transport in urban areas faces major challenges. These include making optimal use of limited space, avoiding empty trips, meeting driver shortages as well as reducing costs and emissions such as CO2, particulate matter and noise. The mutual acceleration and reinforcement of technological trends such as electrification, digitization...
Conference Paper
Seit mehreren Jahren erweitern die Fahrzeughersteller ihre Modellpalette mit einer Vielzahl verschiedenster Fahrzeuge. Die Spanne reicht von kleinen, leichten und sparsamen Fahrzeugen für den urbanen Bereich bis hin zu großen, komfortablen aber schweren und hochmotorisierten Fahrzeugen. Bedingt durch die geltenden Zulassungsnormen legen Fahrzeugher...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Analyse von Stand und Entwicklungspfaden der elektrifizierten Mobilität in städtischen Räumen und Entwicklung neuartiger Mobilitätskonzepte und Geschäftsmodelle.
Conference Paper
Ein wesentlicher Erfolgsfaktor bei der Berücksichtigung immer strenger werdender Klimaschutzrichtlinien ist die konsequente Verfolgung von Leichtbaustrategien. Ein besonders vielversprechender Ansatz ist dabei der Multimaterial-, bzw. Hybridleichtbau. In Fahrzeugstrukturanwendungen wurde der Werkstoff Holz in diesem Zusammenhang lange Zeit nicht be...
Article
A lightweighted suspension concept with integrated driving units into the longitudinal arm is proposed, to meet the increasing requirements from environments on both lightweight and propulsion to electric vehicles. This paper focuses on the structure concept design and ride dynamic analysis of the suspension with combined driving units. Besides con...
Conference Paper
As the lightest structural metal, magnesium alloys have been attractive to reduce vehicle weight and emissions by lightweight design in the automotive industry. Up to now, Mg structural casting, such as transmission cases, instrument panels and door inners plays an important role in the lightweight process. Now more and more integrated Mg castings...
Article
Full-text available
In the past, the focus for the development of modern vehicle structures was very much on lightweight construction. However, there are increasing aspirations to develop not only light but also sustainable solutions which use resources efficiently. As a result, natural materials become more attractive compared to conventional lightweight construction...
Conference Paper
In the past, the focus for the development of modern vehicle structures was very much on lightweight construction. However, there are increasing aspirations to develop not only light but also sustainable solutions which use resources efficiently. As a result, natural materials become more attractive compared to conventional lightweight construction...
Article
Full-text available
This paper presents a thermal interface for cylindrical cells using busbar-integrated cooling channels. This interface is available due to the use of a stand-alone refrigerant circuit for the thermal management of the battery. A stand-alone refrigerant circuit offers performance and efficiency increases compared to state-of-the-art battery thermal...
Chapter
Der Mobilitätssektor unterliegt starken Veränderungen. In den kommenden Jahren werden sich die drei Technologietrends Hochautomatisiertes Fahren, Elektromobilität und Digitalisierung/Konnektivität gegenseitig verstärken und beschleunigen. Um den Transformationsprozess in der Automobilindustrie zu unterstützen, wird u. a. auch nach neuen Produktlösu...
Conference Paper
Technology trends, like automated driving, electro mobility, and digitalization amplify each other and lead to a transformation of the mobility sector. A possible approach to support this process, are modular vehicle concepts. However, only truly on-the-road modular concepts have the potential to change the mobility system in a disruptive way. Our...
Conference Paper
Der Mobilitätssektor unterliegt starken Veränderungen. In den kommenden Jahren werden sich die drei Technologietrends Hochautomatisiertes Fahren, Elektromobilität und Digitalisierung/Konnektivität gegenseitig verstärken und beschleunigen. Um den Transformationsprozess in der Automobilindustrie zu unterstützen, wird u. a. auch nach neuen Produktlösu...
Article
Full-text available
A challenge in the design and optimization of vehicle structures is the high computational costs required for crash analysis. In this paper an automated model generation for simplified vehicle crash models is presented. The considered crash load cases are the US NCAP (100%, 56 km/h), the Euro NCAP (40%, 64 km/h) and the IIHS Small Overlap (25%, 64...
Conference Paper
Die Vielfalt an Fahrzeugmodellen nimmt bezüglich Geometrie und Masse seit einigen Jahren deutlich zu. Von kleinen, leichten Stadtfahrzeugen, bis hin zu großen SUVs mit einem Leergewicht von über 2 Tonnen, nehmen die unterschiedlichsten Fahrzeuge am Verkehr teil. Diese Vielfalt bringt jedoch Problemstellungen bezüglich der Fahrzeugkompatibilität bei...
Conference Paper
In this paper a hydrogen-based air-conditioning unit, which can also function as range extender for electric vehicles, is studied. This hydrogen A/C-unit utilizes the endothermic reaction of hydrogen desorption from metal hydrides to generate a cooling effect. Within DLR’s Next Generation Car project a prototype system was developed and characteriz...
Article
Full-text available
Function integration is the way used commonly to achieve the lightweight design system. To realize the design successfully by combing two systems multifaceted issues in need to be considered. The potential functional conflicts between the existing systems are the major unfavorable factors limiting the design. In order to complete the better design,...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Fuel consumption and the CO2 emissions of heavy-duty vehicles are responsible for a great share of the road transport sector and substantial improvements are unlikely without further innovations. One part of this problem is that approximately 2=3 of the fuel’s chemical energy is lost in waste heat through the engine’s coolant and exhaust system. He...
Conference Paper
To successfully realize the design by combing two systems multifaceted issues need to be considered. The potential functional conflicts between the existing systems are the major unfavorable factors limiting the design. In order to better complete the design, the physical relationships of the design elements in the systems should be figured out. Th...
Conference Paper
Based on the requirements on the overall vehicle like driving dynamics, comfort, safety, ergonomics, costs, environmental safety and image the specific requirements on body-in-white components can be derivate. An important task of the material pre-selection is the mechanical properties and the structural requirements for each specific component. In...
Article
Das DLR-FK erarbeitet für Straßen- und Schienenfahrzeuge neuartige und anwendungsorientierte Lösungen. Dazu zählen Konzeption, Konstruktion, Berechnung und Simulation bis zur Darstellung von Forschungsdemonstratoren, -komponenten und -fahrzeugen.
Conference Paper
The global trends of urbanisation, modularisation, electrification and higher levels of automation (1) offer the opportunity to systematically develop innovative vehicle concepts and bodies with new levels of freedom and requirements. In the future, vehicles will be automated and electrically powered. In addition to new materials and production met...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
The mobility behaviour of the urban population and the thereby potential shifts in demands create amended requirements for the current available and/or future-conceivable mobility possibilities. Furthermore, developments such as the increasing urbanisation, going along with growing mobility and land use requirements as well as climate protection ar...
Conference Paper
Current development in the mobility sector is driven by various trends such as electrification, automation, individualization and safety. A breakthrough of electrified powertrains relies on further range increases, which in turn require novel packaging concepts for the accommodation of larger energy storage systems and drastic reductions in vehicle...
Conference Paper
Typical magnesium bulk materials, like AZ31B, show high potential to reduce vehicle weight in automotive applications. Technical limitations are coming from the material behavior under crash loads, where a risk of catastrophic failure is given in buckling deformation modes. To potentially implement magnesium into new applications, the behavior of m...
Conference Paper
Mobility on the way to the future has to be ecological compatible (sustainable) Technologies has to be energy efficient Vehicles will be driving automatically and connected Better and more efficient drive trains and improved batteries Alternative fuels Consistent modularisation Reducing of driving resistance�(e.g. through lightweight design)
Conference Paper
Für die nachhaltige Gestaltung der Mobilität gilt es den Einsatz von Energie und Material im Fahrzeugbau weiter zu reduzieren. Deshalb gewinnen mit zunehmender Variantenvielfalt und Individualisierung von künftigen Straßenfahrzeugen variable Leichtbaukonzepte und wandlungsfähige Produktionssysteme zunehmend an Bedeutung. Additive Fertigungsverfahre...
Conference Paper
Das Poster stellt die Idee eines von der Klimaanlage entkoppelten Kältekreises zur Temperierung der Batterie vor. Es nennt die Vor- und Nachteile sowie erste Werte zur Leistungsfähigkeit mit dem Kältemittel Propan
Article
Im Projekt Next Generation Train (NGT) am Deutschen Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR) ist der NGT High Speed Train (HST), ein 400 km/h schneller doppelstöckiger Triebwagenzug für den Hochgeschwindigkeitspersonenverkehr, als Zugkonzept entwickelt worden. Dieser Zug verfügt über ein leichtbauoptimiertes, radial einstellbares, angetriebenes E...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Das Forschungsprojekt Next Generation Train (NGT) bündelt die Forschungsaktivitäten des Deutschen Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR) im Bereich von Schienenfahrzeugen. Anhand einer Familie von drei Fahrzeugtypen, NGT HST (Ultra-Hochgeschwindigkeitszug für den Personenverkehr), NGT LINK (Zubringer-Personenzug) und NGT CARGO (automatisch fah...
Conference Paper
Die Automobilbranche durchläuft gegenwärtig einen der größten Paradigmenwechsel seit ihrem Bestehen. Während bei aktuell angebotenen Fahrzeugen noch wenig auf diese Veränderungen hindeutet, stehen in den Entwicklungsabteilungen neue Elektromobilitätsplattformen und das autonome Fahren weit oben auf der Agenda. Ankündigungen vieler Hersteller, sowie...
Article
The free piston linear generator is a new electromechanical generator. It converts chemical energy into electrical energy by means of a combustion process, a linear generator and a gas spring. The free piston linear generator doesn´t use any crankshaft, which is responsible for a lot of losses. Thereby the technology aims to have better properties...
Article
A challenge in the design and optimisation of the vehicle front structures is the high computational costs required for crash analysis. A methodological approach to simplifying finite element vehicle models and crash barriers is presented in this paper. The methodology uses global deformation characteristics of structures which are obtained from th...
Conference Paper
Lightweight multi-material architectures like sandwich structures can contribute to reaching environmental targets regarding the reduction of emissions from vehicles. In modern development processes, modelling sandwich structures' mechanical behaviour in finite-element simulations is essential. In the Next Generation Car (NGC) research project, a n...
Conference Paper
div class="section abstract"> The German Aerospace Center (DLR) is developing a free-piston engine as an innovative internal combustion engine for the generation of electrical power. The arrangement of the Free Piston Linear Generator (FPLG) in opposed-piston design consists of two piston units oscillating freely, thereby alternately compressing th...
Conference Paper
For detailed evaluation of the Total Cost of Ownership, expenditures for Maintenance & Repair as well as the resale value are important to consider and should not be neglected. However, information on Maintenance & Repair costs as well as residual values for commercial vehicles with alternative powertrains is missing and data on this issue is rare....
Conference Paper
The article presents a bottom-up approach to model the German road haulage market of new light and heavy commercial vehicle registrations with different gross vehicle weights and competing powertrain technologies considering different transport tasks. It allows for the analysis under which market conditions alternative powertrain technologies can e...
Article
This paper proposes a structure design approach for a suspension concept based on topological optimization. In this approach, the kinematics and compliance requirements and the geometric non-linearity are introduced into the structural optimization in order to generate a new lightweight suspension structure and to simplify the iterative design step...
Article
Im Rahmen des Next Generation Train (NGT) Projekts ist am Deutschen Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR) der NGT High Speed Train (HST), ein 400 km/h schneller doppelstöckiger Triebwagenzug für den Hochgeschwindigkeitspersonenverkehr, als Zugkonzept entwickelt worden. Dieser Zug verfügt über ein leichtbauoptimiertes, radial einstellbares, ang...
Conference Paper
Für die nachhaltige Gestaltung der Mobilität gilt es den Einsatz von Energie und Material im Fahrzeugbau weiter zu reduzieren. Deshalb gewinnen gerade mit steigender Variantenvielfalt und Modularisierung künftiger Straßenfahrzeuge flexible Produktionssysteme und Leichtbaumethoden zunehmend an Bedeutung. Additive Fertigungsverfahren bieten aufgrund...
Article
Die globalen Trends Urbanisierung, Modularisierung, Elektrifizierung sowie hohe Automatisierungsgrade bieten die Chance, neue Fahrzeugkonzepte und -karosserien mit neuen Freiheitsgraden und Anforderungen systematisch zu entwickeln. Eine Antwort darauf bietet der am Deutschen Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) entwickelte Baukasten des Urban-Modu...
Conference Paper
This paper deals with a low to middle order finite volume/lumped capacitance thermal model of an electric machine and the correction of critical parameters. The different parts of the electric machine are divided into sub-volumes called finite volumes or lumped capacitances. From the given characteristic geometry of the electric machine, the therma...
Conference Paper
With the German Aerospace Center (DLR) Next Generation Car (NGC) Metaproject, the concepts and technologies, tools and methods for selected vehicles are developed in a networked research infrastructure. In the various disciplines of vehicle concepts, vehicle structure, drive train, energy and thermal management, vehicle intelligence and mechatronic...
Conference Paper
At the automotive development a major challenge is the achievement of the required reduction of CO2 emissions for ICEs. Therefore it is necessary to investigate all potential technologies to improve efficiency. Regardless of whether a conventional or hybrid vehicle concept is used, approximately 2/3 of the fuels chemical energy is lost as waste hea...
Conference Paper
Das Institut für Fahrzeugkonzepte des Deutschen Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt entwickelt neuartige Struktur- und Bauweisenkonzepte für zukünftige Fahrzeuge. Im Fokus stehen dabei insbesondere innovative Strukturkonzepte unter Verwendung verschiedener Leichtbaustrategien. Neben der Verwendung von Leichtbauwerkstoffen werden auch Leichtbaupotentia...
Conference Paper
For a significant weight reduction in vehicle structures, the use of new materials - like sandwich materials - is necessary. Applications for sandwich structures can already be found in the form of roof or floor elements of high quality caravans. But there is a lack of appropriate manufacturing technologies. Therefore alternative construction conce...
Article
Am Institut für Fahrzeugkonzepte des DLR wird an Maßnahmen zur Massereduzierung durch die Anpassung von Optimierungsstrategien an die jeweilige Bauweise und deren wesentlichen Bauteilanforderungen gearbeitet. Anhand einer ausgewählten Optimierungsstrategie werden an einer Schwellerstruktur sowohl die spezifische Energieabsorption als auch die Intru...
Chapter
Durch die jahrhundertelange Erfahrung in der Entwicklung und Herstellung von Fahrzeugen entsteht das Auto, wie es heutzutage auf unseren Straßen zu sehen ist. Die vermeintlichen Erwartungen des Fahrers und der Passagiere an ein Fahrzeug werden häufig durch die Summe aller Anforderungen beschrieben, die andere Fahrzeuge in der Vergangenheit erfüllt...
Chapter
Um der Gefahr zu begegnen sich mit Utopien zu beschäftigen, ist es notwendig, sich auf ein gemeinsames Verständnis bezüglich der wichtigsten Randbedingungen für die zukünftigen Fahrzeugentwicklungen zu einigen. Eine Orientierung hierfür könnten folgende Annahmen bieten: die Nachfrage nach individueller Mobilität wird weltweit weiter zunehmen das Mo...
Chapter
Mobilität ist ein Grundbedürfnis der Menschheit. Dies gilt seit dem Beginn der Menschwerdung in Afrika und der kulturellen Entwicklung in allen Erdteilen und setzt sich kontinuierlich fort. Weltweit stehen wir allerdings vor Herausforderungen, deren erfolgreiche Bewältigung die Voraussetzung für das zukünftige Wohlergehen der Menschen sein wird. Du...
Conference Paper
The Total Cost of Ownership and the payback period are main purchase criterions of fleet operators regarding the acquisition of new commercial vehicles. Therefore, critical success factors are purchase and operating costs. However, purchase and operating costs are highly individual depending on transport task, vehicle size and powertrain technology...
Conference Paper
The article presents an innovative approach to model the market penetration of electrified powertrains in passenger cars on different international markets. For that purpose, the VECTOR21 model was enhanced to depict the major car markets in a disaggregated approach. The scenario simulation incorporates the interdependencies of the varying developm...
Article
Das Institut für Fahrzeugkonzepte am Deutschen Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt ist in der Forschung an attraktiven und intermodalen Mobilitätskonzepten mit der Konzeptentwicklung zukünftiger Schienenfahrzeuge beteiligt. Die Kollisionssicherheit ist dabei ein wichtiger Aspekt. Als Teil eines gesamtheitlichen Konzeptes für Triebwagenzüge entwickelt u...
Book
Werkstoffe und vor allem die Werkstofftechnik bleiben Schlüsseltechnologien im Automobilbau. Denn nichts, das an einem Fahrzeug dargestellt wären ist nicht auch aus Werkstoffen realisiert. So auch im Leichtbau, der als "Königsdisziplin" der Fahrzeugtechnik gesehen werden kann!
Article
Full-text available
Due to the strict discussions regarding energy saving and the goal to reduce CO2 emissions to 95 g CO2/km, specified for the year 2020 (BUMD, 2009), there is a strong demand for lighter and lightweight design automotive structures to support the energy saving targets. In view of a holistic approach, and to prospectively meet the requirements of the...
Article
Full-text available
Frühere Forschungsarbeiten haben gezeigt, dass unzureichende öffentliche Ladeinfrastruktur ein wesentliches Hindernis für den erfolgreichen Übergang zur Elektromobilität darstellt. Außerdem gibt es bis heute keine wissenschaftliche Methode, um den Bedarf an öffentlicher Ladeinfrastruktur zu bestimmen. Daher entwickelt das Forschungsprojekt LADEN202...
Conference Paper
Fiber-Reinforced Plastic (FRP) materials are playing an increasingly important role in further weight reduction efforts in the automotive industry due to their comparatively high specific mechanical properties in comparison to conventional automotive materials. However a widespread use of these high-performance materials in the automotive industry...
Conference Paper
The following paper presents new software in the form of an Excel based toolkit capable of evaluating numerous vehicle configurations based on user input and state-of-the-art data. The toolkit includes six innovative technical sizing tools and introduces a new level of accessibility to the user, providing them with instant information that quantifi...
Article
Full-text available
As the lightest structural metal, magnesium alloys have been attractive to reduce vehicle weight and emissions by lightweight design in the automotive industry. Structural crashworthiness is not a physical property itself, but correlates with the material’s ductility and structural design. Magnesium is known to be a material with lower failure stra...
Article
Full-text available
On modern vehicles, the demand is made to be in every respect as efficient as possible. A technical method to increase energetic efficiency is to reduce the vehicle mass through the implementation of lightweight construction measures. The energy consumption decreases by that and the vehicle dynamics behavior of conventionally and alternatively resp...
Article
Full-text available
In this paper, the influence of corrosive conditions on the mechanical performance of Flow Drill Screw (FDS) joints is investigated in greater detail. Different combinations of light metals such as aluminium or magnesium alloys and high strength/stainless steel served as the test material. The joint strength of FDS joints, under quasi-static and cy...
Article
Full-text available
The dynamic tensile behavior of twin-roll cast-rolled and hot-rolled AZ31B magnesium alloy was characterized over strain rates ranging from 0.001 to 375 s⁻¹ at room temperature using an elaborate dynamic tensile testing method, and the relationship between its mechanical properties and microstructures. It is observed that the sheet has a strong ini...
Conference Paper
With respect to the requirements of the next generation of automobiles the central challenges regarding weight targets have to be addressed during the conceptual phase of structural de-velopment. Fiber-Reinforced Plastic (FRP) materials are playing an increasingly important role in further weight reduction efforts in the automotive industry due to...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
A methodological approach to the development of an optimised side crash concept for the battery-electric vehicle concept Urban Modular Vehicle was presented in order to meet the requirements of a fully functional concept. In addition to the load path analyses shown, and the subsequent energy absorption process, validation tests at a coupon and comp...
Conference Paper
The free piston linear generator is a new electromechanical generator. It converts chemical energy into electrical energy by means of a combustion process, a linear generator and a gas spring. Thereby the technology aims to have better properties than other electromechanical generators. Therefore this publication deals with the explanation of the c...
Article
Masseeinsparungen gewinnen bei Schienenfahrzeugen zunehmend an Bedeutung. Gründe hierfür sind z.B. die Steigerung der Energieeffizienz und die Einhaltung der maximal zulässigen Radsatzlasten. Für eine signifikante Masseeinsparung sind die umfassende Nutzung der Leichtbaustrategien sowie deren Anwendung, vorrangig auf die Hauptgewichtstreiber, notwe...
Conference Paper
In the presented paper the development of a suspension for electrically driven vehicles is shown. The suspension is developed through the application of a methodical procedure model that was previously developed at the German Aerospace Centre. The process model addresses the altered boundary conditions brought by electrification and the development...
Article
Full-text available
This study proposes a hybrid structural design concept of polyurethane foam-filled magnesium alloy AZ31B rectangular thin-walled beams which serve as energy absorbing components in automotive applications. Uniaxial tensile and compressive tests, and fracture tests were performed to investigate the material mechanical properties. Dynamic three-point...
Conference Paper
The keynote presentation covers vehicle concepts with aspects of alternative drivetrains, lightweight technologies and automation.

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