Hoon-Jai Chun

Hoon-Jai Chun

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735
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Publications (735)
Article
Anticancer treatment for acute lymphocytic leukemia is based on drugs such as methotrexate, 6-mercaptopurine, vincristine, and asparaginase. Asparaginase-related pancreatitis is known to have an incidence of up to 18%, and is a major cause of discontinuation of anticancer treatment for leukemia due to acute onset and chronic complications. There we...
Article
Background/aims: Fexuprazan, a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker, was developed for treating acid-related disorders. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of fexuprazan, unlike those of proton pump inhibitors, are independent of food effect. This study aims to evaluate differences in efficacy and safety of fexuprazan in patients wi...
Article
Full-text available
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Early detection is crucial for improving survival rates and treatment outcomes. However, accurate GC-specific biomarkers remain unknown. This study aimed to identify the metabolic differences between intestinal metaplasia (IM) and GC to determine the pathways invo...
Article
Full-text available
Background A small portion of patients are diagnosed with early gastric cancer (EGC) and undergo endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) at a young age. However, their clinical outcomes are rarely known. Aim We investigated to identify the feasibility and clinical outcomes of ESD for EGC focusing on young patients. Methods We analyzed the clinical...
Article
Full-text available
Background/Aims Appropriate tissue tension and clear visibility of the dissection area using traction are essential for effective and safe endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). In this study, we developed a retractable robot-assisted traction device and evaluated its performance in colorectal ESD. Methods An experienced endoscopist performed ESD...
Article
Full-text available
The regulation of apoptosis is the primary goal of ablation therapy. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a promising non-thermal tissue ablation-based therapy that induces apoptosis by manipulating electrical conditions. This study aimed to investigate IRE-induced gastric tissue apoptosis in response to changes in the electric field intensity, fo...
Article
Full-text available
Background Erosive esophagitis (EE) is a gastroesophageal reflux disease characterized by mucosal breaks in the esophagus. Proton pump inhibitors are widely used as maintenance therapy for EE, but many patients still relapse. In this trial, we evaluated the noninferiority of vonoprazan vs. lansoprazole as maintenance therapy in patients with healed...
Article
Full-text available
Iatrogenic stomach perforation is a detrimental, irreversible, and fatal condition. Traditional surgery and endoscopic suturing clips and devices have been introduced to seal holes and prevent sepsis and disease progression. However, the development of endoscopic devices for perforations remains challenging, with no standard device available. This...
Article
Full-text available
Background Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is the standard treatment for early malignant stomach lesions. However, this procedure is technically demanding and carries a high complication risk. The level of difficulty in performing ESD is influenced by the location of the lesion. In our study, we aimed to investigate and analyze the effective...
Article
314 Background: A small portion of patients are diagnosed as early gastric cancer (EGC) and undergo endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) at young age, however, their clinical outcomes are rarely known. We investigated clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients who underwent ESD for treatment of EGC at age under 50. Methods: We enrolled pat...
Article
313 Background: We investigate the predictive value of inflammatory markers for occurrence of metachronous cancers among patients who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancer (EGC) and are judged as curative resection (CR). Methods: We enrolled patients who were diagnosed as EGC and underwent ESD during 2006 and 202...
Article
Background Despite the availability of numerous treatment options, many patients with gastritis experience only partial symptom relief. CKD-495, a newly developed product with the active ingredient extracted from Cinnamomum cassia Presl., has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity in vitro and an in vivo protective effect against g...
Article
Full-text available
Background: Patients undergoing dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) may experience recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB). We investigated the clinical characteristics and risk factors for recurrent non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB) in patients who had experienced NVUGIB while receiving DAPT. Methods: We enrolled patients dia...
Article
Full-text available
Citation: Jeon, H.J.; Kim, H.B.; Yim, S.Y.; Lee, J.M.; Choi, H.S.; Kim, E.S.; Seo, Y.S.; Jeen, Y.T.; Lee, H.S.; Chun, H.J.; et al. Effect of Near-Infrared Pre-Irradiation on Irreversible Electroporation Treatment of Rat Gastric Tissues. Appl. Sci. 2023, 13, 10404. https://doi. Abstract: Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a recognized ablation te...
Article
Full-text available
Objective Non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB) in patients receiving oral anticoagulants (OACs) may be fatal; however, little is known about re-bleeding and all-cause mortality after successful hemostasis. We investigated the clinical characteristics and risk factors for re-bleeding and death after successful hemostasis. Methods P...
Preprint
Full-text available
Background: Patients undergoing dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) may experience recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB). We investigated the clinical characteristics and risk factors for recurrent non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB) in patients who had experienced NVUGIB during receiving DAPT. Methods: We enrolled patients diagn...
Chapter
In recent decades, substantial evidence has been accumulated on the use of adjuvant treatment for patients with locoregional gastric cancer. However, standard treatment varies between countries or regions around the world due to surgical procedure, tumor heterogeneity, historical/epidemiological background, and clinical setting, despite several pha...
Chapter
Pancreatic cancer is the eighth most common cancer and fifth most common cause of cancer-related death in Korea. Pancreatic cancer has a poor prognosis. The 5-year survival rate for pancreatic cancer was only 12.6% in Korea (males 11.9%, female 13.2%) in the period 2014–2018 years. Although early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is very important for...
Chapter
Anal cancer is a rare cancer; most cases are HPV-related cancer types that arise from the squamous epithelium of the anus. About 85% of anal cancers are squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), the remaining 10% are adenocarcinoma, and 5% are rare cancers such as small-cell carcinoma, melanoma, and metastatic cancer [1]. This chapter focuses on anal SCCs,...
Chapter
The anal canal can be divided into thirds. The upper zone is lined by the columnar rectal epithelium; the middle third is lined by the transitional epithelium; and the lower third is lined by the stratified squamous epithelium. Carcinomas of the anal canal may have typical glandular or squamous differentiation patterns that recapitulate the normal...
Chapter
The diagnosis of small bowel cancer is often established late in the course of the disease because these are generally rare conditions and the symptoms are nonspecific. Early diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion.KeywordsSmall bowel cancerStageAdenocarcinoma
Chapter
Carcinoma of the colon or rectum (colorectal cancer [CRC]) is a common and lethal disease in Korea and the United States. Global- and country-specific data on incidence and mortality are available from the World Health Organization (WHO) GLOBOCAN database.KeywordsColorectal cancerAdjuvant chemotherapyMicrometastasis
Chapter
The term pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (PNEN) encompasses a diverse set of tumors arising in the pancreas neuroendocrine progenitor cell. PNEN is a rare disease but exhibits a wide spectrum of clinical behavior. Well-differentiated PNENs are referred to as pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNET), while poorly differentiated high-grade PNENs ar...
Chapter
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most diagnosed cancer and is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide [1]. Surgical resection is the curative treatment of colorectal cancer. However, endoscopic resection is a reasonable modality for early colon cancer. In addition, therapeutic options for metastatic disease have been rapidly evolving, and p...
Chapter
Most cancer survivors can return to normal life after the completion of cancer treatment. Most enjoy a high quality of life without cancer-related symptoms [1]. However, some survivors experience physical or psychosocial problems caused by cancer and its treatment [2]. The problems range from mild to severe, depending on the circumstances of the pa...
Chapter
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly solid gastrointestinal cancer, and radial surgical resection is essential for long-term survival [1]. But, at the time of diagnosis, resectable PDAC accounts for only approximately 10–20% of all patients, and most patients were classified as advanced stage [2–4]. Cancer recurrence occurs in 70–80%...
Chapter
Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs), which originate from the neuroendocrine system of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas, are very rare and represent heterogeneous biological behavior [1, 2]. GEP-NETs are classified according to their morphology and proliferative activities. With recent advances in the genetics, pathology,...
Chapter
Endoscopic resection (ER) is an established curative treatment for early gastric cancer (EGC) with a negligible risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM). The widespread use of screening endoscopy has facilitated the early diagnosis of gastric cancer and subsequently increased the number of ERs for EGCs. ER is a minimally invasive procedure that preserve...
Chapter
Antineoplastic drugs, including chemotherapy, are commonly used to treat malignancies, but they often cause adverse events. Adverse events are concerning because they can deteriorate a patient’s quality of life, lead to poor treatment compliance, and possibly result in withdrawal from treatment. Thus, the National Cancer Institute Common Terminolog...
Chapter
The small bowel represents 75% of the length and 90% of the absorptive surface of the gastrointestinal system [1]. Despite its major role in digestion, the small intestine is a rare location for the development of neoplasms. Small bowel cancers include several histologic subtypes, such as adenocarcinoma, neuroendocrine tumor, lymphoma, and sarcoma....
Chapter
Hospice care, a subtype of palliative care, focuses on end-of-life care for patients with a life expectancy of only a few months. Hospice care aims to control the painful symptoms of terminally ill patients and even help patients and their families with mental, social, and spiritual problems. In recent years, the importance of active application of...
Chapter
Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs) are rare tumors that occur in <1 person per 100,000; however, their incidence has recently increased due to an increase in incidental findings in imaging studies or endoscopy performed for other reasons, leading to the diagnosis of asymptomatic diseases.KeywordsPancreatic cancerNeuroendocrine neoplasmsCar...
Chapter
Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NEN) are heterogeneous neoplasms originating from neuroendocrine cells. GEP-NEN can develop anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. Gastric NEN (G-NEN) is the most common NEN of the foregut (thymus, esophagus, lung, stomach, duodenum, and pancreas). G-NEN is generally considered an i...
Chapter
Early colorectal cancer (CRC) is defined as cancer that is confined to the mucosa or submucosal layer regardless of lymph node metastasis that does not invade the muscularis mucosa. The possibility of lymph node metastasis in intramucosal cancer is extremely rare and negligible and can be curatively resected by endoscopic procedure [1]. However, if...
Chapter
Most neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are considered sporadic; however, some NETs are related to a heritable group of neoplasms that appear in at least ten genetic syndromes, of which multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1), von Hippel-Lindau syndrome (VHL), neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1), and tuberous sclerosis are representative [1]. The develop...
Chapter
Gastric NENs are biologically different from gastric adenocarcinoma. For gastric NEMs, two staging systems for gastric NENs have been established: the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM system and the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) staging system [1, 2]. Treatment and prognosis of gastric NENs vary for different subtypes.K...
Chapter
According to the 2019 WHO classification, epithelial gallbladder (GB) tumors are categorized into “benign epithelial tumors and precursors” or “malignant epithelial tumors” (Table 1) [1]. Several terms have been used to describe the overlapping morphological entities of premalignant GB lesions over the years. This has led to varying incidence and o...
Chapter
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is an umbrella term that covers cancers of many organs, including the esophagus, stomach, small bowel, large bowel, anus, gallbladder, liver, and pancreas. Thus, patients diagnosed with GI cancer can present many different distressing symptoms, depending on the type of cancer and stage. Symptoms may negatively affect pa...
Chapter
Surgery is the mainstay curative treatment for patients with nonmetastatic colorectal cancer. Standardized surgical techniques have been developed to facilitate training and improve oncological outcomes. The introduction of total mesorectal excision (TME) resulted in a better postoperative outcome, a reduced local recurrence rate, and better overal...
Chapter
Small bowel cancer is a very rare disease that accounts for approximately 3% of gastrointestinal cancers; however, the incidence rate has been steadily increasing recently, unlike other cancers of the gastrointestinal tract [1]. The most common cancers of the small bowel include adenocarcinoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, neuroendocrine tumor,...
Chapter
About 40% of esophageal cancers have metastasized to distant lymph nodes or other organs at the time of diagnosis [1]. Recurrence is also experienced in 21–39% of patients who achieve complete pathological remission through multidisciplinary treatment of advanced esophageal cancer. Although recurrent/metastatic esophageal cancer has an extremely po...
Chapter
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. The incidence of CRC tends to increase with societal and economic development and to stabilize or decrease in highly developed countries with higher rates compared to other countries [1]. This phenomenon is probably attributable to the changing risk factors (e.g., dietary patterns,...
Chapter
Cholangiocarcinomas arise from the epithelium of the bile ducts. Depending on the anatomical location in the biliary tract, cholangiocarcinomas are classified as intrahepatic, perihilar, and distal. The latter two are known as extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas, with the second-order bile ducts acting as the separation point. Although these cancers a...
Chapter
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most lethal malignancies and is the seventh leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The incidence of PC has continually increased and has been ranked the 11th most common cancer in the world (12th most common cancer in men, 11th most common in women). A total of 458,918 new cases were diagnosed causing 432,242 d...
Chapter
Appendiceal tumors are rare gastrointestinal tumors that include a heterogeneous group of tumors. They are relatively difficult to diagnose, especially when neoplasms are limited to the appendix. Due to the recent development of imaging modalities and health screening, the incidence of appendiceal tumors has increased. There are four major histopat...
Chapter
In this chapter, we review the staging and treatment of gallbladder cancer. Several staging systems have been used for gallbladder cancer. Although the staging system developed by Nevin was previously used in Europe [1], the tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) staging system of the combined American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)/Union for Internationa...
Chapter
The term “anal cancer” usually refers to a squamous cell cancer (SCC) of the anal canal, which represents the majority of cancers arising in the anal region. This chapter will cover adjuvant and palliative chemotherapy of anal SCC.KeywordsAnal cancerSquamous cell carcinomaChemotherapyMetastaticImmunotherapy
Chapter
Globally, gastric cancer ranks sixth in incidence and second in cancer-related mortality [1]. It is a fatal malignant disease that accounts for two-thirds of all gastric cancer cases in East Asia, Eastern Europe, and South America. The rate of advanced gastric cancer is gradually decreasing, thanks to more frequent routine health checkups, but the...
Chapter
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has shown the tendency to increase year by year. CRC was the second most common tumor in males and the third most common among females in Korea in 2018, according to the National Cancer Registration Statistics.KeywordsColorectal cancerAdenocarcinomaMicrosatellite instabilityMolecular classification
Chapter
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer in the world, with over 1,000,000 new cases in 2018. It is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with an estimated 783,000 deaths in 2018 alone [1]. The incidence of gastric cancer is decreasing around the world, but the incidence and mortality of gastric cancer are still high in East Asia...
Chapter
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Gastric cancer is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, except in Korea and Japan, and the prognosis of advanced gastric cancer is very poor. Due to national cancer screening programs, advanced gastric cancer is on the decline, especially in East Asia, but remains the leading cause of...
Chapter
Primary appendiceal neoplasms are rare tumors that account for approximately 1% of all cancers [1]. They are mostly found incidentally in an appendectomy specimen [1, 2]. They can also be found during abdominal imaging or during colonoscopy, as only 30–50% of patients exhibit clinical manifestations such as acute appendicitis of these tumors [3, 4]...
Chapter
The diagnosis and treatment of cancer can affect patients and their families both emotionally and physically. Distress in cancer patients is a multifactorial, unpleasant emotional experience of a psychological, social, and/or spiritual nature that can interfere with the ability to cope effectively with cancer, its physical symptoms, and its treatme...
Chapter
Esophageal cancers are generally classified as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (ADC). Both histopathological types have a similar clinical manifestation, but different characteristics, including tumor location and risk factors. For most of the twentieth century, SCC predominated; however, recently, the incidence of ADC arising from...
Chapter
In general, patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer (cT1N+ and cT2-4aN0-3) are potential candidates for surgical resection. However, esophagectomy is a particularly complicated surgical procedure and is associated with high perioperative morbidity and mortality. A recent review of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result (SEER) datab...
Chapter
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequently diagnosed in Korea, and the age-standardized incidence rate per 100,000 CRC was 25.6 in 2020 [1]. Almost 50% of all diagnosed CRC patients can be cured by surgery; however, 40–50% of newly diagnosed patients will eventually develop metastatic disease [2]. Despite recent developments in the treatm...
Chapter
The prognosis and treatment of appendiceal cancer differ according to histological type. There is controversy regarding the treatment strategy owing to the rarity of the disease and the lack of randomized controlled trials. Treatment guidelines have been established based on retrospective case series and expert opinions.KeywordsAppendiceal cancerAp...
Chapter
The incidence of cancer is gradually increasing, and at the same time, the proportion of cancer survivors is also increasing. A study from England showed that the overall survival increased and reported a recent 10-year survival rate of about 50% in 2010–2011 [1]. In South Korea, statistics showed that the incidence of cancer was 475.3 per 100,000...
Chapter
Approximately 32% of patients diagnosed with small bowel cancer have stage IV disease, of which 5-year survival is only 42% [1]. Few studies have specifically addressed the optimal management of small bowel cancers, and the general approach to the treatment of these tumors is based on the treatment principles established for metastatic colorectal c...
Chapter
Radiotherapy has been used as a substitute for surgery or to alleviate symptoms in patients who are unfit to undergo surgical treatment. However, the clinical outcomes of radiation therapy alone are unsatisfactory and are not recommended as an option for first-line treatment. When radiotherapy and chemotherapy are combined, the local cure rate and...
Chapter
Esophageal cancer is a devastating disease that not only causes progressive dysphagia, which reduces the quality of life of patients, but also has a low survival rate. Clinically, esophageal cancer can be divided into various stages (0–IVB) [1]; however, based on treatment, it can be classified as early disease, including superficial esophageal can...
Chapter
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) staging is most commonly classified using the TNM staging systems of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)/Union for International Cancer Control (UICC), which came into effect on January 1, 2018, in its eighth edition. There are separate systems depending on whether the CCA arises primarily from intrahepatic (iCCA)...
Chapter
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly lethal adenocarcinoma of the hepatobiliary system, which can be classified as intrahepatic, perihilar, and distal. Each anatomic subtype has distinct genetic aberrations, clinical presentations, and therapeutic approaches. In this chapter, a comprehensive review of pathology, pathogenesis, clinical features, and...
Chapter
Small intestinal adenocarcinomaKeywordsSmall intestinal adenocarcinomaAmpullary adenocarcinomaSmall intestinal neuroendocrine tumor
Chapter
Appendiceal tumors are rare and generally detected in appendectomy specimens with an incidence of 0.7–1.4% [1, 2]. They are difficult to diagnose without surgical interventions such as appendectomy because of its anatomical location. In addition, appendiceal neoplasms consist of heterogeneous groups, which have different histopathological subtypes...
Chapter
Primary gastric lymphoma is the most common extranodal site of non-Hodgkin lymphoma [1] and represents 3–5% of gastric neoplastic lesions [2]. The most frequent histologic subtypes are extranodal marginal B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) [3]. The incidence of developing prima...
Chapter
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a heterogeneous group of rare malignancies that arise from neuroendocrine cells and are characterized by the ability to produce amines and polypeptides [1]. Gastroenteropancreatic NENs (GEP-NENs) can occur in almost any gastrointestinal tissue and can be grouped into the foregut, midgut, and hindgut origin (Fig....
Chapter
Before Nigro et al. introduced the combined therapy, surgery had been regarded the only treatment for anal cancer [1]. However, due to the location of the tumor, the options regarding surgical treatment are very limited, unlike those for colorectal cancer, and include wide local excision (WLE) or abdominoperineal resection (APR). In addition, the r...
Chapter
In the treatment of gastric cancer, standard surgery forms the basis of treatment. Endoscopic resection can be performed for early gastric cancer and chemotherapy and supportive care can be used for stage IV patients with distant metastases, as recommended by the Korean [1] and Japanese [2] guidelines established in 2018. Table 1 shows the stages,...
Chapter
Anorexia is defined as a loss of appetite leading to a reduction in caloric intake. Anorexia is common in cancer patients especially in the advanced stage leading to weight loss. In addition to reduced oral intake, various factors in cancer patients (e.g., tumor cell metabolism, immune cell-released cytokines and tumor-derived substances) lead to w...
Chapter
Appendiceal cancer is very rare and accounts for only 1% of all colorectal cancers [1, 2]. It is a heterogeneous disease with various clinical features ranging from early cancer confined to the appendix to advanced cancer with peritoneal or distant dissemination. Peritoneal dissemination is more likely than distant metastasis due to the anatomical...
Chapter
Esophageal cancer is a gastrointestinal cancer with an extremely poor prognosis despite advances in diagnostic and treatment methods. This is because esophageal cancer is often diagnosed in an advanced stage, and lymph node metastasis is common. The standard treatment for esophageal cancer is surgical resection; however, the morbidity and mortality...
Chapter
The remarkable advances of recent medical technology have made it possible to treat diseases that were previously impossible to cure, and the life span of human beings has been extended dramatically. However, many patients still suffer during the course of treatment for incurable diseases, including cancer, while a prolonged treatment period and a...