Honorio Kume

• Rio de Janeiro State University

As estimativas dos impactos sobre as importações devido a acordos comerciais dependem fundamentalmente das elasticidades de substituição (ES) entre as importações de diferentes fornecedores estrangeiros. Este trabalho estima as ESs das importações do Brasil, para 42 setores da matriz de insumo produto de 2005, destacando as diferenças nos custos de...

In this article we estimate substitution elasticities for goods distinguished by place of production, specifying whether they are imported or produced domestically. These are known as the Armington (1969) elasticities and are widely used to assess the impact on the domestic economy of policy changes in countries’ tariff structures; and, in particul...

A evasão de impostos, sobretudo por meio de subfaturamento das importações, sempre foi motivo de preocupação da administração aduaneira. Além da redução de receita tributária, a sonegação impõe perdas de competitividade aos importadores que assumem todos os encargos tributários, e reduz o grau de proteção à produção doméstica. O objetivo deste trab...

En este libro se presentan en forma sistemática las principales dimensiones asociadas al comercio de servicios, particularmente referido a Telecomunicaciones y Bancos, considerando las negociaciones internacionales, las regulaciones domésticas y su efecto restrictivo, la estructura y el comportamiento de dichas actividades y la evaluación de los be...

In this article we estimate substitution elasticities for goods distinguished by place of production, specifying whether they are imported or produced domestically. These are known as the Armington (1969) elasticities and are widely used to assess the impact on the domestic economy of policy changes in countries’ tariff structures; and, in particul...

This book contains a selection of studies discussed at the first and second Regional Meetings on Computable General Equilibrium, which were held, respectively, in Santiago, Chile on 13 and 14 April 2007 with the collaboration of the Centre for International Prospective Studies and Information (CEPII), and San Jose, Costa Rica, from 24 to 25 Novembe...

O Sistema Geral de Preferências (SGP) dos EUA, concedido de forma unilateral, é um dos programas com tarifa preferencial mais importantes para o Brasil, mas recentemente vem sendo objeto de apreensão devido às ameaças de exclusão do Brasil entre os países beneficiários. Este trabalho tem como objetivo estimar, com base no modelo de equilíbrio parci...

The U.S. Generalized System of Preferences (GSP), a concession offered unilaterally, is one of the most important preferential tariff programs to Brazil, but recently has been causing some apprehension due to threats to exclude this country from the list of beneficiaries. This study has the objective to estimate, based on the partial computational...

We estimate the Armington elasticity for the 28 industrial sectors of the Brazilian input-output table, for the period 1986–2002. The methodology we use takes into account the stochastic properties of the data series, and the effects of the Brazilian foreign trade liberalization that occurred in 1990. We obtain statistically significant estimates o...

The use of tariff-rate quotas as a protectionist device has not yet been quite well understood. There is a widespread understanding that the offer of an additional tariff quota will generate a growth in the volume exported equivalent to the extra amount yielded. However, this may not happen, due to the characteristics of the tariff-quota system. Gi...

Mercosur: the dilemma between the customs union and a free trade area. In 2001, the government of Argentina — facing a major economic crisis — took a rather controversial decision and reduced the tariff rates of all capital goods to zero. This became a main source of conflict with Brazil, the only country of Mercosur that produces such goods. This...

The institution of special trade relations, such as in preferential-trade areas (PTAs) requires some evidence of the origin of the products that may benefit from the concessions. These conditions constitute the so-called rules of origin. These rules are designed to preclude the exports from outside countries to the PTAs through the country-member w...

The authors focus on the evaluation of the antidumping regime from 1988 through 2003. During these years the Brazilian economy had to cope with several periods of macroeconomic instability and overvaluation of the domestic currency, particularly from 1990-92 and 1994-98. As a result, from 1992 through 1998, import volumes increased significantly. A...

The objective of this document is to analyze the tariff component of the MERCOSUR common trade policy, in order to determine the effective level of harmonization reached between member countries. The common trade policy and its creation process are described, indicating the main deflections from the original agreement. Also, a brief chronicle by co...

The objective of this document is to identify and quantify the deflections of each one of the MERCOSUR member countries with respect to a common external tariff policy. A detailed description of the mechanisms that generate those deflections in each country is presented.

The objective of this document is to describe the experience of MERCOSUR countries with respect to the managment of trade remedy measures (anti-dumping duties, countervaling duties and safeguards). For each member country, the institutional framework of these three mecanisms and its utilization are presented. Also, past and current efforts for the...

The objective of this document is to evaluate MERCOSUR trade policy from two complementary perspectives. In the first case, the effective protection level that results from de chosen tariff structure is determined. In the second case, the protection costs in a set of selected sectors are estimated.

This paper aims to evaluate the impact on trade flows between Brazil and the United States after the accomplishment of the FTAA. The authors used a computable partial equilibrium model. A comprehensive investigation of the existing non-tariff barriers was made and the tariff-equivalents were used in the estimations. The results for Brazil show an i...

In the late 1980s, the Brazilian government launched a gradual liberalization program of its import policy. At the same time, GATT/WTO mechanisms such as the antidumping, anti-subsidies and safeguard measures have been introduced. This paper aims to evaluate how the antidumping regime worked during this period, when the Brazilian economy got consid...

In May 2004, the Mercosur and the European Union made their last offers in their negotiations for trade liberalization aiming to reach a Free Trade Agreement in the near future. In this paper the authors intend to evaluate the impacts of both offers on the Brazilian foreign trade. The estimated results indicate additional exports of 947 million dol...

The structure introduced by Armington (1969) has been used to analyze trade policy in partial and general equilibrium models. The Armington elasticities, the degree of substitution between domestic and import goods are known to be important, but are seldom estimated empirically. Therefore, we estimate them for 28 industrial sectors, based on the Br...

In the first half of 2001, the government of Argentina undertook some changes in the import tariffs of some products, eroding the Common External Tariff (CET) of Mercosur. In particular, the tariff rates of capital goods were reduced to zero, an action with potential negative implications for the Brazilian industry of such goods. In this paper the...

The main aim of this paper is to identify and to analyze the presence of Non Tariff Barriers (NTBs) imposed on Brazilian exports by the other three Mercosur's member countries. The NTBs were identified through interviews with selected Brazilian companies from three sectors - Footwear, Frozen Chicken and Steel Products - and through 412 questionarie...

Este libro se ha concentrado en analizar las fronteras menos visibles que afectan a la libre circulación de bienes dentro del MERCOSUR. Algunas de ellas son fronteras físicas, como las relacionadas con las aduanas; otras son técnicas, relacionadas con las regulaciones domésticas o regionales no internalizadas en cada país, y finalmente las frontera...

El propósito central de este libro es brindar información y elementos analíticos que sean útiles para elaborar respuestas a interrogantes sobre el bloque como medio para la integración. Además de realizar un balance de lo ocurrido con la integración en la última década, se evalúan las perspectivas y se discuten propuestas. Se abarcan prácticamente...

The objective of this paper is to analyse the impacts of Brazilian trade with the other Mercosur countries on the regional production of industries in Brazil, from 1990 through 1995. First we estimated and analysed export and import coefficients for a group of states and for a large sample of industries.Then we applied the expanded shift-share anal...

A desoneração do ICMS incidente sobre as exportações de produtos primários e semi-elaborados e a possibilidade de dedução daquele imposto pago nas compras de bens de capital e de material de consumo não diretamente incorporado no processo produtivo — medidas recentemente aprovadas pelo Congresso Nacional — correspondem a uma desvalorização "fiscal"...

RESUMO Este trabalho tem por objetivo identificar e avaliar as principais barreiras não tarifárias (BNTs) do MERCOSUL às exportações brasileiras, aplicadas pelos demais países. O levantamento das BNTs foi realizado por entrevistas feitas às empresas e às associações de classe de três setores: calçados, siderurgia e carne de frango, bem como mediant...

This study analyses how the set of prod ucts Brazil exported to the United States was similar with that of China between 2000 and 2008 and also compares the quality and variety of their exports. Using product-level import data from United States, this study estimates the export similarity, quality and variety indexes and produces three main results...

1 INTRODUÇÃO Em março de 1991, Argentina, Brasil, Paraguai e Uruguai assina-ram o Tratado de Assunção, que estabeleceu a formação do Mercado Comum do Sul (Mercosul) em quatro anos, a partir de quando de-veria prevalecer a livre circulação de bens, serviços e fatores de pro-dução. O Mercosul, depois de cumprida a fase de transição, no perío-do 1991-...