Hongbing Xing

• Doctor of Psychology
• Beijing Language and Culture University

Within the research field of bilingual lexical representation and organization, much attention has been given to whether two languages share a conceptual system and what factors modulate the connection between this conceptual system and the lexical systems of a bilingual’s L1 and L2. One of the most valid ways in the psycholinguistics domain to exp...

本研究选取了 146 篇汉语二语作文， 采用相关分析和回归分析 的方法， 考察了搭配正确率、 搭配多样性、 搭配透明度和搭配书面语倾向 度与汉语二语书面产出质量的关系， 发现搭配正确性、 搭配多样性和搭配 书面语倾向度都能够预测书面产出质量。 其中， 搭配正确性和搭配书面语 倾向度的预测作用最强。 另外， 搭配的使用对不同水平书面产出质量的预 测作用不同， 搭配正确性和搭配书面语倾向度主要对初级水平书面产出质 量具有较好的区分作用； 搭配透明度和书面语倾向度在中高级水平书面产 出质量评估中， 起到了较弱的作用。

减量是量范畴的次范畴。 语言之间减量表现为多种手段， 各种手段之间既有共性又有差异。 本文对汉英两种语言的减量表现手段进行了比较， 通过对比分析两种语言减量表现手段的异同， 加深了对两种语言减量表现手段的系统了解， 同时为第二语言教学提供了一定的参考。

Theories of connectionism emphasize the mappings of orthography, phonology, and semantics in the process of word recognition and production. Chinese has a logographic writing system, which is markedly different from alphabetic languages. The current study investigated how orthography, phonology, and semantics contribute to Chinese character product...

Chinese guà(挂) type verbs have been concerned by grammarians because they can express the continuous function of “state” and have a complex process. This paper adopts the method of corpus statistical analysis on the real usage of verbs. Firstly, we reclassify guà type verbs based on the distribution of their semantic functions, and make a statistic...

Semantic feature is an important dimension of lexical semantics, which has long been a concern of linguistics, psychology and cognitive neuroscience. Based on the connectionism theory, this research combines statistical analysis of corpus with cognitive analysis, takes the speech act verb 谈tan2 ‘talk’ as an example, constructs the lexical knowledge...

Chinese guà(挂) type verbs have been concerned by grammarians because they can express the continuous function of “state” and have a complex process. This paper adopts the method of corpus statistical analysis on the real usage of verbs. Firstly, we reclassify guà type verbs based on the distribution of their semantic functions, and make a statistic...

在第二语言习得研究的基本理论框架下,文章探讨了国内近10年汉语第二语言习得的研究现状和发展趋势。与前20年的研究相比,近10年的研究无论在研究内容、研究热点还是在研究观念和方法上都出现了转变。文章认为,当下国内汉语二语习得应该在研究领域的拓宽、研究层次的深化、研究方法的更新、理论建构的加强这4个方面着力。

From the perspective of the formation process of second language knowledge system, this study analyzes the process of the native-like attainment of second language production. It is suggested that the production is an important basis of observing second language knowledge system and the idiomatic expression is the ultimate goal of second language p...

Applying the task of reading pictures and writing sentences and referring to the output of sentence structure of Chinese native speakers, this paper explores the native-like attainment process of sentence structure output of CSL (Chinese as second language) learners. It is found that the sentence structure output of CSL leaners is a complex process...

Extraction of lexical semantic features is a key issue in lexical knowledge research. Based on the connectionism theory, this paper adopts the corpus and statistical approach to analyze the semantic features of antonymous verbs and construct their lexical knowledge systems. We take the antonymous verbs “买(mai3,buy)” and “卖(mai4,sell)” as examples i...

Making use of the data from narrative writings of the same topic, this paper has used the common high-frequency adjective “大” (big) and the common high-frequency noun “城市” (city) as the main vocabularies to examine the frequency of all adjective-noun collocations produced by Chinese as Second Language (CSL) learners. From the perspective of lexical...

To study the correspondence relation between one English word and its Chinese equivalent words as well as their processing mechanism in bilinguals’ mental lexicons, we make a corpus-based calculation to acquire frequencies of some English-Chinese one-to-many translation-equivalent word pairs (i.e., the respective usage frequency of multiple Chinese...

Theories of reading comprehension emphasize decoding and listening comprehension as two essential components. The current study aimed to investigate how Chinese character decoding and context-driven auditory semantic integration contribute to reading comprehension in Chinese middle school students. Seventy-five middle school students were tested. C...

Theories of reading comprehension emphasize decoding and listening comprehension as two essential components. The current study aimed to investigate how Chinese character decoding and context-driven auditory semantic integration contribute to reading comprehension in Chinese middle school students. Seventy-five middle school students were tested. C...

Visual word recognition, at a minimum, involves the processing of word form and lexical information. Opinions diverge on the spatiotemporal distribution of and interaction between the two types of information. Feedforward theory argues that they are processed sequentially, whereas interactive theory advocates that lexical information is processed f...

本文依据基于用法的语言习得理论，从语言习得的认知过程入手，以语料库的统计为依据，将动词句法框架知识分为框架构造规则、以动词为视角框架知识、动词对框架及框架对动词的选择性知识等三个角度和句法、语义两个层面。文章认为动词框架知识的第二语言习得过程就是构造由这三个角度和两个层面知识构建的动词框架知识体系，并依据这样的知识体系进行动词认知加工。

基础部件成字、构字情况及其所构字表 说明：表中的数据依次是：部件、能否成字以及成字的等级（“0”着的 表示不能成字，“1”代表甲级，“2”代表乙级，“3”代表丙级，“4”代表丁 级）、构字数、构字次数、全部例字（例字后括号里的数是该字的等级，各个 等级也用 4 个数字表示）。

本文基于同题记叙文的书面产出，对比了不同水平的留学生与汉语母语者的形容词与名词的使用特点，以及形名搭配的使用分布及比重情况。 统计结果显示：１．随着汉语水平的提高，留学生的书面产出中形容词使用的多样性有显著提高，名词使用的多样性未见明显变化。 ２．形名搭配的使用，留学生与母语者的大体分布趋势是一致的，主要表现在：在空间类、自然景观类的形名搭配使用比例都很大，抽象事物类的形名搭配使用比例都较。 而个别语义类的形名搭配的使用有所差别，主要表现在：心理感受类、事件活动类的形名搭配使用比例，留学生要明显低于母语者。 留学生在产出以“大”为核心的形名搭配过程，无论中级还是高级，都存在搭配泛化与搭配不足的现象。

The current study examined whether the blind are superior to sighted listeners in voice recognition. Three subject groups, including 17 congenitally blind, 18 late blind, and 18 sighted, showed no significant differences in the immediate voice recognition test. In the delayed test conducted two weeks later, however, both congenitally blind and late...

Based on the usage-based language acquisition theory and connectionism theory，this study takes the psychological mechanism of second language learners‘ vocabulary acquisition as the object of study and constructs a development model of second language vocabulary knowledge system. The article believes that the formation of the lexical knowledge syst...

This paper examines the frequency distribution of common words and uncommon words in the writing of mandarin-speaking children of different grades． Considering the characteristics of Chinese，we are looking for new parameters for the measurement of vocabulary development of Chinese children's writing． It is found that the fourth to fifth grades of p...

Based on the theory of usage-based second language acquisition, this study divides second language production into four levels according to to what extent it matches the target language, which are wrong expression, erroneous expression, unidiomatic expression and idiomatic expression. The author believes that the process of second language producti...

The word list includes all Chinese words and phrases in the system of "Corpus for Modern Chinese Research", arranged in parts of speech and calculated in millions of frequencies. Sun, H.L., Sun, D.J., Huang, J.P., Li. D.J. & Xing, H.B. (1996). Survey on Corpus for Modern Chinese Research. In Luo, Z.S. & Yuan, Y.L.(eds.), The Studies of Chinese Lang...

Chinese character list from 2.5 billion words corpus ordered by frequency.

Chinese characters list ordered by frequency of "modern Chinese research corpus".

The relationship between phonology and orthography in Chinese is very complex as a relatively restricted set of legal syllables is written with a vast number of syllabic characters． Therefore，the phonological and orthographic stores in Chinese mental lexicon and their interconnections should reflect this complexity and the mechanisms of spread acti...

As an important research method， Contrastive Interlanguage Analysis becomes more and more commonly used in second language acquisition recently． In the research of Chinese as a second language， many scholars have carried out comparative analyses between the Interlanguage Corpus and Contemporary Chinese Corpus to discover the patterns and characteri...

This study examines the components and developmental process of students' language capacity. We first conducted an interview with 16 linguists about the signifi cance of fostering students' language capacity, challenges as well as strategies to solve the problems. Then we divide students' language capacity into three parts, namely basic cognitive a...

This research develops a written language corpus of Chinese mainland 3rd -to 6th-grade mandarin-speaking students． Based on the corpus，we developed grade norms of writing abilities in Chinese 3rd-grade to 6th-grade students，and test the productivity and diversity of writing samples by investigating their use of Chinese characters，words and sentence...

3500 Common Chinese characters

Based on the theoretical background of connectionism, the research on vocabulary acquisition of Chinese as a second language USES corpus based language attribute statistical methods and database technology to analyze the characteristics and development rules of Chinese vocabulary and sublexical system and explore the process and characteristics of...

Based on the connectionism theory and the comparative analysis of interlanguage, this paper discusses the construction of lexical knowledge system based on the mental lexicon model based on the language data. From the perspective of frequency information, function distribution, collocation knowledge and syntactic framework, this paper puts forward...

L2 lexical acquisition，in essence，is the acquisition of lexical knowledge，of which learning to use the target vocabulary is the most important． Based on the acquisition of lexical knowledge from the corpus，this paper gives the following suggestions on the compilation of foreignlearner oriented Chinese dictionaries: acquiring from the corpus the use...

L2 lexical acquisition，in essence，is the acquisition of lexical knowledge，of which learning to use the target vocabulary is the most important． Based on the acquisition of lexical knowledge from the corpus，this paper gives the following suggestions on the compilation of foreignlearner oriented Chinese dictionaries: acquiring from the corpus the use...

As an important research method， Contrastive Interlanguage Analysis becomes more and more commonly used in second language acquisition recently． In the research of Chinese as a second language， many scholars have carried out comparative analyses between the Interlanguage Corpus and Contemporary Chinese Corpus to discover the patterns and characteri...

This paper analyzes the limitations of current studies, such as in frequency effect, error analyzes, lexical awareness, syntactic and semantic relations, target language and native language relations. We should establish a corpus-based lexical knowledge database for the research of second language vocabulary learning. We recommend that the second l...

Contextual SOMs of Chinese words have been constructed in this work. Differing from previous approaches, in which individual words were mapped onto the SOM, in this work histograms of various word classes or otherwise defined subsets of words were formed on the SOM array. It was found that the words are not only clustered according to the word clas...

This paper chooses randomly some polysemous morphemes from The Monosyllabic Morpheme Database of Graded Vocabulary for HSK as the experimentalmaterials to survey the family problems of the polysemousmorphemes . The results find that the polysemous characteristic of morphemes has a great influence on foreigners’ word acquisition. Based on the findin...

This study uses connectionism as a theoretical background, and combines the relevant data of corpus research to analyze the meaning of vocabulary knowledge and the process of related attributes. We believe that the second language vocabulary acquisition process can be divided into three stages: the conversion of static word meaning, the correct lea...

This specification provides modern Chinese character parts and their names for basic teaching.

This research examined the Chinese characters used in a Chinese textbook series for primary schools mainly on the total number , usage and distribution of all characters across different levels. Then the basic components of all characters in the book series was analyzed so as to build a basic component list of Chinese characters for primary school...

This study reports a connectionist model of vocabulary acquisition by elementary school children. Our model is based on the self-organizing feature maps which have significant psychological and biological plausibility. The model derives the orthographic and phonological representations of Chinese phonograms on the basis of realistic language corpus...

上编 汉字的特征分析 第一章 汉字的使用 1．1 汉字的字量 1．2 汉字字集 1．2．1 “GB 13000．1字符集” 1．2．2 现代汉语常用字表 1．2．3 “现代汉语研究语料库系统”汉字 1．2．4 小学语文教材汉字 1．3 汉字的使用 1．3．1 从小学语文教材看汉字的使用 1．3．2 从语料库看汉字的使用 第二章 汉字字形特征 2．1 汉字的笔画 2．1．1 汉字的笔形 2．1．2 汉字的笔画数 2．1．3 汉字笔画趋简率 2．2 汉字的基础部件 2．2．1 部件的类型 2．2．2 基础部件的数量 2．2．3 成字部件和非成字部件 2．2．4 基础部件的构字能力 2．2．5 基础部件的典型位置 2．2．6 基础部件的构形 2．3 汉字的构造 2．3．1...

In this study, we first established the database of all the two-syllable words in the vocabulary level outline, and then marked the morpheme of two-syllable words according to their meanings, and then established the database of morphemes. This paper makes statistics and analysis of morpheme type, independent word-forming ability, word-forming abil...

本研究是在建立一个对外汉语用字数据库的基础上进行的，文章首先分析了“中介语语料库"中留学生使用汉字的情况，并将这些汉字和汉语教材中使用的汉字、汉语水平汉字等级大纲"中的汉字、现代汉语常用字等迸行比较。研究结果对对外汉语教学用字表的建立和对外汉字教学有一定的参考价值。

This study first analyses the present dictionaries on the usage of verbs and finds out that there are certain differences between the descriptions in the dictionaries and the actual use of the verbs. It is also discovered that foreign Chinese learners lack statistical data on verbs’ syntactic propertieswhen they are learning verbs. The paper emphas...

In his Letter “Scrapie In ancient China?” (5 Aug. 2005, p. [874][1]), R. B. Wickner analyzes the orthographic features of several Chinese characters and concludes that scrapie, the transmissible spongiform encephalopathy found in sheep, may have existed more than 2000 years ago. Unfortunately,

All of these examples contain the so-called phonograms that emerged during the Han Dynasty (206 B.C. to 220 A.D.)—characters that have a component indicating the sound and one indicating the meaning. Such phonograms make up nearly 90% of all Chinese characters used today (3). Wickner mistakenly interprets these phonograms as ideograms (characters t...

This study first analyzes the limitations of the current verb usage dictionary, and analyzes the characteristics of the verb learning of foreign students in Chinese teaching. On this basis, it puts forward the idea of the verb usage dictionary for the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language. Compared with the existing dictionary, such a dictionar...

In This study we build a database of 2359 Chinese characters from 136351 information technology terms, we want to know how many Chinese characters are used in the terms and how they are used in the terms, such as frequency, position etc. We also compare with the 3500 Common Characters. As a result, we know that which characters are often used in th...

In this study, refer to "Teaching Chinese Grammar framework" set up a Chinese grammar list of items, and for all the syntax item "Modern Chinese Corpus" in the written corpus and spoken language were 20000 sentences labeled according to the syntax of the project established, marked The method uses a combination of automatic extraction and manual la...

This paper introduces the morpheme database system based on “the Outline of the Graded Vocabulary for HSK”. With the study of all words included in the” Outline”, the system is composed of two parts: the word database (including the database for compound words and the database for single-morpheme words) and the morpheme database. Besides the basic...

Empirical evidence has accumulated that regularity and consistency inorthography-to-phonology correspondence both affect the processing andacquisition of Chinese characters, and that they interact with character frequencyin complex ways. However, despite growing interests in the Chineseorthography, few previous studies have systematically analyzed...

This study is based on the verb vocabulary of "Modern Chinese Research Corpus System". We extract and label the syntactic attributes of all verbs and establish a verb attribute library. This paper only uses common verbs with a frequency greater than or equal to 10 with objects. The situation was statistically analyzed. The specific analysis content...

Despite gspite interests in the acquisition of Chinese orthography, few studies have modeled the acquisition process using connectionist networks. This study uses a self-organizing connectionist model to simulate children's learning of Chinese characters. There are two major goals of our study: (1) To evaluate the degree to which connectionist mode...

本研究是在建立了一个《汉语水平词汇与汉字等级大纲》中的全部2095个水平汉字数据库的基础上进行的。该数据库对形声字和声旁的特点进行了标注,文章主要对全都"水平汉字"中形声字的相关信息进行统计分析。对形声字的统计研究主要包括以下几个方面:(1)形声字的数量以及各个等级的分布情况;(2)各个类型形声字在各个等级的分布情况;(3)声旁的独立成字和组字能力;(4)声旁的表音能力等。

Based on the 6 million part-of-speech tagging corpus we analyze reduplication of Chinese words.

This paper makes a statistical analysis of the use of modern Chinese word classes according to the dictionary with part of speech and frequency in the modern Chinese research corpus.This paper mainly counts the number and number of words in corpus (sum of the number of words used in corpus).And according to the word grade, analyze the distribution...

In this paper, according to "The Corpus for Modern Chinese Research", we analysis the sentences which have parenthesis. We comprehensively study the situation of using parenthesis in Chinese, and try to classify parenthesis according to meaning, and sum up the main characteristics of parenthesis. On the basic of these, we offer some rules on how to...

The "Modern Chinese Research Corpus System" began in May 1993 and ended at the end of 1995. At present, a rough corpus of 20 million words and a refined corpus of 2 million words have been built. Among them, the refined corpus is a balanced corpus selected from three aspects of language style, subject matter and genre. The processing of corpus adop...

Semantic analysis of sentences with VA structure