Holley Pitts ArnoldUniversity of South Carolina | USC · Department of Psychology
Holley Pitts Arnold
Doctor of Philosophy
About
13
Publications
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Introduction
My research primarily focuses on understanding the cognitive, language, and socioemotional development of children who have genetic syndromes such as fragile X syndrome, FMR1 premutation, Williams syndrome, and duplication 7q11.23 syndrome. I also am interested in investigating how early autonomic nervous dysfunction relates to behavioral and psychological development in infants and children.
Publications
Publications (13)
To begin to delineate the psychological characteristics associated with classic 7q11.23 duplication syndrome (duplication of the classic Williams syndrome region; hereafter classic Dup7), we tested 63 children with classic Dup7 aged 4-17 years. Sixteen toddlers aged 18-45 months with classic Dup7 and 12 adults identified by cascade testing also wer...
To examine longitudinal trajectories of intellectual abilities, single-word vocabulary abilities, and adaptive behavior for 76 children with Williams syndrome (WS) aged 4-15 years, we compared their standard scores (SSs) at two time points approximately 3 years apart on the same standardized measures. At the group level, mean SS declined significan...
Background:
Specific phobia (SP) is the most common anxiety disorder among children with Williams syndrome (WS); prevalence rates derived from Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-based diagnostic interviews range from 37% to 56%. We evaluated the effects of gender, age, intellectual abilities and/or behaviour regulation difficult...
Background
Difficulties with executive functions (EF) are very common among individuals with Williams syndrome (WS). To characterise the pattern of relative strengths and weaknesses in EF for children and adolescents with WS, we considered the performance of a large sample on the parent version of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function...
Establishing expressive language benchmarks (ELBs) for children with Down syndrome (DS), as developed by Tager-Flusberg et al. for children with autism, is critically needed to inform the development of novel treatments, identify individualized treatment targets, and promote accurate monitoring of progress. In the present study, we assessed ELB ass...
We describe the performance of 292 4- to 17-year-olds with Williams syndrome (WS) on the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test-2 (KBIT-2; Kaufman & Kaufman, 2004 ). Mean IQ Composite, Verbal standard score (SS), and Nonverbal SS were in the borderline range relative to the general population, with variability similar to the general population. Correlatio...
For small and large numerosities, we evaluated the subitizing capacity, as well as accuracy and precision of visual enumeration across development. We asked children 6 -11 years of age and adults to visually enumerate by "ones" (1-9) or by "tens" (10-90). To analyze whether the ratio differences, 1 to 2 and 1 to 3, is responsible for enumeration, w...
Visuospatial integration, the ability to organize and coordinate information from local elements, is not well understood in development. In a size discrimination task, we evaluated two indices of visuospatial integration in 7-9 year old children and in adults: (1) the susceptibility to visual crowding and (2) the encoding of summary statistics of v...
Limited attention capacities necessitate statistical summary representations such as statistical averaging. We examined how statistical averaging might be affected by feature type and variability in the set. Do we average length and orientation in a similar way? How similar should the items be in order to be averaged? Participants were presented sh...
Precise enumeration is associated with small numerosities within the subitizing range (<4 items), while approximate enumeration is associated with large numerosities (>4 items). To date, there is still debate on whether a single continuous process or dual mutually exclusive processes mediate enumeration of small and large numerosities. Here, we eva...
We evaluated the relationship between two indices of visuospatial integration: the susceptibility to visual crowding (Pelli, Palomares, & Majaj, 2004) and the encoding of summary statistics of visual arrays (Ariely, 2001). While visual crowding is the disruption of an element's identifiability when embedded in an array of multiple elements, statist...
Statistical summary representation, the ability to accurately encode global statistical properties of a scene (Oliva & Torralba, 2006), occurs due to our limited attention span and memory capacity. Identifying the mean size of a set is more accurate than identifying the size of individual members (Ariely, 2001; Chong & Treisman, 2005). Whether this...
Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity progressively diminish with increasing viewing eccentricity. Here we evaluated how visual enumeration is affected by visual eccentricity, and whether subitizing capacity, the accurate enumeration of a small number (∼3) of items, decreases with more eccentric viewing. Participants enumerated gratings whose (1)...
Questions
Questions (3)
We measured three aspects (i.e. variables) of self-regulation. We have 2 groups and our sample size is ~30 in each group. We anticipate that three variables will each contribute unique variance to a self-regulation composite. How do we compare if there are group differences in the structure/weighting of the composite? What analysis should be conducted?
I'm interested in potentially looking at fetal heart rate post-hoc. Has anyone done this using medical records from prenatal visits? When a prenatal examine is conducted, what information is saved/indicated in the medical records? [For example, is it standard medical practices to save ECG recordings, or is only certain information retained in the records (i.e., HRV beats per minute, incidents of fetal bradycardia or tachycardia, etc.?)]
I'm interested in potentially looking at fetal heart rate post-hoc. Has anyone done this using medical records from prenatal visits? When a prenatal examine is conducted, what information is saved/indicated in the medical records? [For example, is it standard medical practices to save ECG recordings, or is only certain information retained in the records (i.e., HRV beats per minute, incidents of fetal bradycardia or tachycardia, etc.?)]
