Ho Won Jung

Dong-A University · Department of Genetic Engineering

Soybean ( Glycine max (L) Merr.) provides plant-derived proteins, soy vegetable oils, and various beneficial metabolites to humans and livestock. The importance of soybean is highly underlined, especially when carbon-negative sustainable agriculture is noticeable. However, many diseases by pests and pathogens threaten sustainable soybean production...

Immunity in plants arises from defense regulatory circuits that can be conceptualized as modules. Both the types (and isolates) of pathogen and the repertoire of plant receptors may cause different modules to be activated and affect the magnitude of activation. Two major defense enzymes of Arabidopsis are ALD1 and ICS1/SID2. ALD1 is an aminotransfe...

Epigenetic marks such as covalent histone modification and DNA methylation are crucial for mitotically and meiotically inherited cellular memory-based plant immunity. However, the roles of individual players in the epigenetic regulation of plant immunity are not fully understood. Here we reveal the functions of two Arabidopsis thaliana homologs of...

Various management systems are being broadly employed to minimize crop yield loss resulting from abiotic and biotic stresses. Here we introduce a Bacillus zanthoxyli HS1 strain as a potent candidate for managing manifold stresses on vegetable plants. Considering 16S rDNA sequence and biochemical characteristics, the strain is closely related to B....

The soybean is agro-economically the most important among all cultivated legume crops, and its seed color is considered one of the most attractive factors in the selection-by-breeders. Thus, genome-wide identification of genes and loci associated with seed colors is critical for the precision breeding of crop soybeans. To dissect seed pigmentation-...

Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), an mRNA quality control process, has been implicated in plant immunity. A subset of fully spliced (FS) transcripts of Arabidopsis resistance (R) genes are reportedly upregulated during bacterial infection. Here, we report that 81.2% and 65.1% of FS natural TIR-NBS-LRR (TNL) and CC-NBS-LRR (CNL) transcripts, respe...

Soybean is a major crop that is used as a source of vegetable oil for human use. To develop transgenic soybean with high α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3) content, the FAD3-1 gene isolated from lesquerella (Physaria fendleri) was used to construct vectors with two different seed-specific promoters, soybean β-conglycinin (Pβ-con) and kidney bean phaseoli...

Drought is a major abiotic stress in crop yield and its inevitable consequence is the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell damage. To reduce excessive ROS accumulation in soybean, AtYUCCA6 gene was transformed via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. About 3% of transformation efficiency was generated from five batches o...

AT-hook proteins are known to co-regulate transcription of genes through the modification of chromatin architecture. In plants, many genes encoding AT-hook proteins have been shown to be associated with increased seed yield or delayed senescence. In this study, we produced transgenic soybean plants overexpressing chromatin architecture-controlling...

Local interactions between individual plant organs and diverse microorganisms can lead to whole plant immunity via the mobilization of defense signals. One such signal is the plastid lipid-derived oxylipin azelaic acid (AZA). Arabidopsis lacking AZI1 or EARLI1, related lipid transfer family proteins, exhibit reduced AZA transport among leaves and c...

Cyclic dipeptides (CDPs) are one of the simplest compounds produced by living organisms. Plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) also produce CDPs that can induce disease resistance. Bacillus vallismortis strain BS07 producing various CDPs has been evaluated as a potential biocontrol agent against multiple plant pathogens in chili pepper. Howe...

An Arabidopsis thaliana ALTERED MERISTEM PROGRAM1 (AtAMP1), which encodes a putative glutamate carboxypeptidase, not only controls shoot apical meristem development, but also is involved in tolerance response to abiotic stresses. Here, we introduce a novel mutant; named amp1-32 that is a phenocopier to previously isolated different amp1 mutant alle...

ALD1 (ABERRANT GROWTH AND DEATH2 [AGD2]-LIKE DEFENSE1) is one of the key defense regulators in Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana. In these model plants, ALD1 is responsible for triggering basal defense response and systemic resistance against bacterial infection. As well ALD1 is involved in the production of pipecolic acid and an unide...

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is an important crop for vegetable oil production, and is a major protein source worldwide. Because of its importance as a crop, genetic transformation has been used extensively to improve its valuable traits. Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is one of the most well-known viral diseases affecting soybean. Transgenic soybe...

Robust immunity requires basal defense machinery to mediate timely responses and feedback cycles to amplify defenses against potentially spreading infections. AGD2-LIKE DEFENSE RESPONSE PROTEIN 1 (ALD1) is needed for the accumulation of the plant defense signal salicylic acid (SA) during the first hours after infection with the pathogen Pseudomonas...

The bacterial envelope possesses diverse functions, including protection against environmental stress and virulence factors for host infection. Here, we report the function of wxcB in Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv), a causal agent of bacterial leaf spot disease in tomato and pepper. To characterize roles of wxcB, we generated a knocko...

Wild rice, Oryza grandiglumis shows hyper-resistance response to pathogen infection. In order to identify genes necessary for defense response in plants, we have carried out a subtractive hybridization coupled with a cDNA macroarray. An acidic PATHOGENESIS-RELATED1 (PR1) gene of the wild rice is highly identical to the acidic PR1 genes of different...

Plants have to molecularly sense invasions from pathogenic microbes to activate their built-in immune responses. There are two different types of sensor proteins, called immune receptors. They are the indispensible molecular instruments to perceive non-self molecules derived from microbes. A genetic defect of the immune receptors fails to activate...

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), a species of the Potyvirus genus in the Potyviridae family, is one of the most typical viral diseases and results in yield and quality loss of cultivated soybean. Due to the depletion of genetic resources for resistance breeding, a trial of genetic transformation to improve disease resistance has been performed by introd...

Supplemental Fig. S1. Confirmation of SMV-CP gene insertion. DNA samples were extracted from wild-type and transgenic plants (T0) to amplify SMV-CP gene insertion in genome with PCR. a The DNA amplification between SMV-CP (forward primer) and Intron (reverse primer). b The DNA amplification between Intron (forward primer) and SMV-CP

Pathogens have evolved a variety of virulence factors to infect host plants successfully. We previously identified the pepper plasma membrane (PM)-resident hypersensitive induced reaction protein (CaHIR1) as a regulator of plant disease- and immunity-associated cell death. Here, we identified the small filamentous hemagglutinin-like protein (Fha1)...

Recent studies have shown that an intron is not merely “junk”, but something that plays important roles in many biological processes such as gene expression regulation and alternative splicing. For purposes of studying intron structures and predicting consensus splice motifs, a total of 102 legume species were used to isolate introns across the fam...

The carotenoid biosynthetic pathway was genetically manipulated using the recombinant PAC (Phytoene synthase-2A-Carotene desaturase) gene in Korean soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Kwangan). The PAC gene was linked to either the β-conglycinin (β) or CaMV-35S (35S) promoter to generate β-PAC and 35S-PAC constructs, respectively. A total of 37 transgenic...

Verification of β-PAC transformants by PCR amplification of genomic DNA extracted from T0 transgenic leaf tissues. (a) PAC gene; (b) Bar gene; (c) DNA region between the β-conglycinin promoter and PAC gene; (d) DNA region between the left border and Bar gene; (e) DNA regions between the PAC gene and right border; PC, binary vector pβ-PAC used as a...

Verification of 35S-PAC transformants by PCR amplification of genomic DNA extracted from T0 transgenic leaf tissues. (a) PAC gene; (b) Bar gene; (c) DNA region between the 35S promoter and PAC gene; (d) DNA region between the left border and Bar gene; (e) DNA region between the PAC gene and right border. PC, binary vector p35S-PAC used as a positiv...

Tocopherol and phytosterol composition in the seeds of β-PAC and 35S-PAC transgenic soybean plants. (a) Tocopherols. (b) phytosterols. The total amounts of tocopherol and phytosterol and the levels of representative components are shown for four β-PAC lines and two 35S-PAC lines. Values (µg/g dry weight) are the mean of three replicates. Error bars...

Carotenoid content and composition of β-PAC and 35S-PAC transgenic soybean plants. (DOCX)

A previously unidentified gene encoding ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme was isolated from leaves of wild rice plant treated with wounding and microbe-associated molecular patterns. The OgUBC1 gene was composed of 148 amino acids and contained a typical active site and 21 ubiquitin thioester intermediate interaction residues and 4 E3 interaction residu...

Several Chryseobacterium species associated with the suppression of soilborne plant pathogens have been identified, but little is known about the properties of these antagonistic bacteria. In this study, we identified the previously isolated bacterial strain KJ9C8 as Chryseobacteriumwanjuense, an effective biocontrol agent against Phytophthora blig...

The ubiquitin-26S proteasome system is important in the quality control of intracellular proteins. The ubiquitin-26S proteasome system includes the E1 (ubiquitin activating), E2 (ubiquitin conjugating), and E3 (ubiquitin ligase) enzymes. U-box proteins are a derived version of RING-finger domains, which have E3 enzyme activity. Here, we present the...

Plants possess inducible systemic defense responses when locally infected by pathogens. Bacterial infection results in the increased accumulation of the mobile metabolite azelaic acid, a nine-carbon dicarboxylic acid, in the vascular sap of Arabidopsis that confers local and systemic resistance against the pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. Azelaic aci...

Arabidopsis dnd1 and dnd2 mutants lack cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel proteins and carry out avirulence or resistance gene-mediated defense with a greatly reduced hypersensitive response (HR). They also exhibit elevated broad-spectrum disease resistance and constitutively elevated salicylic acid (SA) levels. We examined the contributions of NP...

A Capsicum annuum hypersensitive induced reaction protein1 (CaHIR1) was recently proposed as a positive regulator of hypersensitive cell death in plants. Overexpression of CaHIR1 in transgenic Arabidopsis plants conferred enhanced resistance against the hemi-biotrophic Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) and the biotrophic Hyaloperonospora parasi...

Effector proteins injected by the pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas syringae into plants can have profound effects on the pathogen-host interaction due to their efficient recognition by plants and the subsequent triggering of defenses. The AvrRpt2 effector triggers strong local and systemic defense (called systemic acquired resistance [SAR]) response...

SUMMARY: Leucine-rich repeat proteins (LRRs) function in a number of signal transduction pathways via protein-protein interactions. The gene encoding a small protein of pepper, CaLRR1, is specifically induced upon pathogen challenge and treatment with pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). We identified a pepper hypersensitive induced reac...

A novel pathogen-induced gene encoding the RAV (Related to ABI3/VP1) transcription factor, CARAV1, was isolated from pepper leaves infected with Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. CARAV1 contains two distinct DNA-binding domains AP2 and B3 uniquely found in higher plants. Transient expression analysis of the smGFP:CARAV1 fusion construct in Ar...

The promoter fragment of 1065 bp upstream from the translation initiation site of the CALTPIII gene encoding a basic lipid transfer protein was isolated from the genomic DNA of Capsicum annuum. Some putative cis-acting elements, including an ERE-box, a W-box, and MYB-core elements were found in the promoter region of the CALTPIII gene. In Agrobacte...

The 5' flanking region of the CALTPI gene, which encodes a basic lipid transfer protein, was isolated and characterized from the genomic DNA of Capsicum annuum. Four different regions of the promoter sequence of the CALTPI gene were fused to the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) coding region. In an Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression assay, the tra...

A 4-phenyl-3-butenoic acid-producing actinomycete, designated strain VK-A60T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from Koyang, Korea. Morphological and chemical characteristics of the strain were consistent with those of the genus Streptomyces. The cell wall of the strain contains LL-diaminopimelic acid. The predominant fatty acids are anteis...

A pepper zinc-finger protein gene, CAZFP1 , encoding the Cys2/His2-type zinc-finger transcription factor was isolated from pepper leaves inoculated with an avirulent strain Bv5-4a of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria . The CAZFP1 protein is a nuclear targeting protein, which functions as a transcriptional regulator. The full-length CAZFP1 had...

An osmotin-like protein (CAOSM1) gene was isolated from pepper leaves infected with the avirulent strain Bv5-4a of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. The cDNA encoded a polypeptide of 250 amino acids with a molecular mass of 27,361 Da. Its amino acid sequence was highly homologous to various osmotin-like proteins from other plant species. The...

Pepper defensin (CADEF1) clone was isolated from cDNA library constructed from pepper leaves infected with avirulent strain Bv5-4a of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. Putative protein encoded by CADEF1 gene consists of 78 amino acids including eight conserved cysteine residues to form four structure-stabilizing disulfide bridges. Transcripti...

The CALRR1 gene, expressed in pepper leaves following infection by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria, encodes a secreted leucine-rich repeat (LRR) with five tandem repeats of a 24-amino-acid LRR motif. Northern blot analyses revealed that CALRR1 is not constitutively expressed in pepper plants, but is strongly induced upon the infection by X....

Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate to generate inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol, both of which act as secondary messengers in animal cells. In this report, we identified in Vigna radiata L. (mung bean) three distinct partial cDNAs (pVr-PLC1, pVr-PLC2, a...

The three cDNA clones, CALTPI, CALTPII, and CALTPIII, corresponding to pepper lipid transfer protein (LTP) genes were isolated from a pepper (Capsicum annuum) cDNA library from hypersensitive response (HR) lesions of leaves infected with Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. The CALTP genes are well conserved in their coding region with 57-72% id...

Pepper ascorbate peroxidase-like (CAPOA1), thioredoxin peroxidase-like (CAPOT1), and peroxidase-like (CAPO1) clones were isolated from pepper leaves inoculated with avirulent strain Bv5-4a of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. CAPOA1, CAPOT1, and CAPO1 mRNA disappeared 18 to 30 h after the bacterial infection when the hypersensitive response (...

On Feb 29, 2004 this sequence version replaced gi:24461284.

A stellacyanin cDNA clone (CASLP1) was isolated from a pepper cDNA library from hypersensitive response (HR) lesions of leaves infected with an avirulent strain of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. The deduced amino acid sequences of CASLP1 are homologous to those of stellacyanins from cucumber, maize, pea and Arabidopsis. The CASLP1 mRNA was...

A basic β-1,3-glucanase cDNA clone (CABGLU) was isolated from the cDNA library constructed from hypersensitive response lesions of pepper leaves infected with avirulent strain of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. The deduced polypeptide of CABGLU which contains a C-terminal extension N-glycosylated at a single site characterized as typical st...

A chitinase cDNA clone (designated CAChi2) was isolated from the cDNA library of pepper leaves infected with Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. The 1004-bp full-length CAChi2 cDNA encodes a basic chitinase with an N-terminal 24 amino acid signal peptide followed by a catalytic region. An analysis of its sequence indicates that CAChi2 is a clas...

The induction of chitinase (CAChi2) mRNA started as early as 6 h after inoculation and gradually increased in the incompatible interaction of pepper stems with Phytophthora capsici. In the compatible interaction, the induction of the chitinase transcripts was detected later than that in the incompatible interaction. The CAChi2 mRNA was usually loca...

Specific cDNAs showing differential expression in bacteria-infected pepper leaves as opposed to healthy leaves were isolated from a pepper cDNA library from hypersensitive response (HR) lesions of leaves infected with an avirulent strain of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. Among a total of 282 cDNA clones tested, 36 individual cDNA genes (13...