H.Nalini Sofia

• Ph.D in Maruthuvam (Siddha Medicine)
• Professor (Associate) at Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University

"Thamboolam" is a name referred to betel leaf, areca nut and slaked lime taken together or considered as a whole in Traditional Indian systems of Medicine namely Siddha and Ayurveda. Areca nut is the seed of the fruit of the oriental palm, Areca catechu. Thin slices of the nut, either natural or processed, may be mixed with a variety of substances...

Liquorice has been used in medicine for more than 4000 years. In traditional Siddha system of medicine, liquorice is used as a demulcent, expectorant, anti-tussive, laxative and sweetener. This paper deals with all the aspects of Glycyrrhiza glabra such as Habitat, adulterants, phyto chemistry, actions, traditional uses, pharmaco kinetic studies, c...

Plants have always been a common source of medicament either in the form of traditional preparations or pure active principles. It is well known that traditional herbal medicines existed before the application of the modern scientific methods to health care; and even today majority of the world population depends on herbal health care practices1. C...

ABSTRACT Background: Kidney stone affect 10-12% of the population in industrialized countries. The average life time risk of stone formation has been reported in the range of 5-10%. Recurrent stone formation is a common part of the medical care of patients with stone diseases. The aetiology of this disorder is multi factorial and is strongly relat...

Obesity is a Public Health Problem that has become overweight and Obesity is major causes of co-morbidities, including type 2 Diabetes mellitus, Cardio Vascular Disease, Thyroid disorders and Hypertension. Many diseases are emerging as a trend of lifestyle modifications due to stress, sedentary life style and food habits, one among them is obesity...

COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV2. Post-COVID syndrome is described as signs or symptoms that develop during an infection or after an infection which continue for more than 12 weeks. The lockdown of COVID-19 had worsened the mental health in both general population and COVID-19 patients. It was reflected in well-being of the people. Hence, a study wa...

Background: In siddha system of medicine diarrhoea can be compared with kazhichal. Diarrhoea results from several factors like intestinal hyper-motility, malabsorbtion of water, inflammation of GIT or use of laxatives. In siddha literature, the preparation named lagu gangathara chooranam is indicated for kazhichal. Aim: The study aims to perform th...

In day-today life, women are facing many challenges which are mostly revolving around her menstruation; one such is Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding (DUB). Its severity ranges from mild manageable degree to major extent which requires even hospitalization. A 45 years old female was brought with a complaint of menorrhagia for >50 days. She approached...

Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally and is responsible for an estimated 9.6 million deaths in 2018. Owing to the importance and benefits of traditional medicine, the WHO has included integrative oncology as one of the primary objectives of the treatment of cancer besides cure, prevention of recurrence, prolongation of life, re-habi...

Background: Peenisam (sinusitis) is a widespread condition, and patients are visiting Ayothidass Pandithar Hospital, National Institute of Siddha, to manage this condition. The signs and symptoms of peenisam (sinusitis) are mentioned in Siddha literature Yugi vaithya chinthamani, such as lacrimation, nasal block, headache, rhinorrhea, cough, absenc...

Background: Psoriatic arthritis is a chronic multi-organ inflammatory disease which impacts both physically and psychologically. The symptoms of Kaalanjaga vaatham mentioned in Siddha text Yugi vaithiya chinthamani are closely related to Psoriatic arthritis. In Ayothidoss Pandithar Hospital, National Institute of Siddha, kaalanjagapadai is one of t...

The Siddha system of medicine classified the disease in 4448 types based on mukkuttram. When the three humours are affected by life style modification and seasonal variation they produce the diseases. The vatha diseases classified into 80 types. It's one among them is Uthiravatha suronitham (Rheumatoid arthritis). Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic...

Background: Siddha medicine is an ancient script of medicine has been originated in South India. The concept of the Siddha system is based on fundamental principles of 96 thathuvangal which include five basic elements of the Universe, Udal thadhugal, and Uyir thadhugal etc. The physical health of the human body is maintained by three humors vathm,...

Lumbar Spondylosis in earlier days used to be an ailment of people in their 60s and above. In recent years this trend is changing. Many lifestyle factors are blamed for this transition. Yet the factors are different for each population. In National Institute of Siddha Hospital, Lumbar spondylosis is one of the most common ailments for which patient...

Background: India has the highest number of diabetic patients due to the rapid urbanization and lifestyle modifications .The prevalence of Diabetes in Tamilnadu is 6.8%. About one in every two Indians (47%) living with diabetes is unaware of their condition, and only about a quarter (24%) manage to bring it under control. Rural men with lower educa...

Background: Pithathalainokkaadu is a very common medical problem and patients are visiting to Ayothidoss Pandithar Hospital for the management of this condition. The sage Yugimuni is first classified the disease based on the clinical signs and symptoms along with humoral pathology. According to Yugimuni Vaidhiya Chinthamani-800, the sage Yugimuni c...

As per the siddha literature Aathma Ratchamirtham, the drug Mudakkaruththaan il-akam is used in treating vatha noigal. Mudakkaruththaan is also used in treatment of vettai, vellai, pungalmelerivu, mudakku, sori, vangu, vayitru vali, kanpugachal, megasoolai, marbukoothu, maradaippu, neerkuthu, andavatham, utkanthal and mala-kattu [1]. As per Gunapad...

Introduction: As per the Siddha literature Aathma Ratchamirtham, the drug Mudakkaruththaan ilakam (MKI) is used in treating vatha diseases. It is also used in treatment of vettai, vellai, pungalmelerivu, mudakku, sori, vangu, vayitru vali, kanpugachal, megasoolai, marbukoothu, maradaippu, neerkuthu, andavatham, utkanthal and malakattu. As per Gunap...

Osteo Arthritis (OA) is a chronic, progressive musculoskeletal disorder characterized by gradual loss of cartilage in joints which results in bones rubbing together and creating stiffness, pain and impaired movement. The disease most commonly affects the joints in knees. According to World Health Organization (WHO) 9.6% of men and 18.0% of women ag...

Siddha system is a very ancient medicine in the world. It is mainly occur in South India and is considered to be one of the India's oldest systems of medicine. This system is based on a combination of ancient medicinal practices and spiritual disciplines as well as alchemy and mysticism. Medicinal plants have been a major source of treatment for hu...

Siddha system is an ancient system of medicine that gives to physical, mental as well as the spiritual wellbeing of mankind. This system has been developed by Siddhars, ancient, Spiritual saints in the South India. This formulation medicine consists of substances from Herbal, Mineral / Metal and Animal origins which are processed pharmaceutically t...

BACKGROUND: Adathodai Chooranam is a Siddha Poly herbal formulation which is specially indicated for Bronchial Asthma in Siddha Sastric text. The toxicological profile of the drug was not reported. OBJECTIVE: The present study was undertaken as per WHO Guidelines to establish the toxicity profile of Adathodai Chooranam in an experimental animals wh...

BACKGROUND: Siddha is an indigenous medical system of India. Saint Yugi describes 21 types of mega noigal in his book Yugi vaidhiya Chinthamani . Madhumegam is one among them which is comparable to Diabetes Mellitus. It is an endocrinological disorder with an increasing global prevalence and incidence. Management of diabetes without side effects is...

Background: Garpa vaayu is a uterine disorder characterized by abdominal discomfort, dysmenorrhoea, low back ache, constipation, amenorrhoea, and heaviness of thigh. These symptoms of Garpa vaayu may be correlated with Polycystic Ovarian Disease of modern science. The classical Siddha literature Pararasasekaram cites that any imbalance in three hum...

Introduction: Siddha is an indigenous medical system of India. Saint Yugi describes 21 types of mega noigal in his book Yugi vaidhiya Chinthamani. Madhumegam is one among them which is comparable to Diabetes Mellitus. It is an endocrinological disorder with an increasing global prevalence and incidence. Management of diabetes without side effects i...

Siddha system of merdicine is said to have been in existence in South India especially in Tamil Nadu from the last many centuries from the time of famous Tamil Sangam, the first. This is the oldest Indian systems of treatment. Tradition says that God Siva was the first to preceptor of Nandhi and the discipline of Nandhi took up the traditions of th...

Siddha system is a traditional system of healing that originated in south India and is considered to be one of India's oldest systems of medicine. The siddha system of medicine has been prevalent in the ancient Tamil land, is the foremost of all other medical systems in the world. Eighteen Siddhars were said to have contributed towards the developm...

Diabetes mellitus is commonly known as diabetes, is a metabolic disease that causes high blood sugar. In Siddha, it is compared with “NEERIZHIVU NOI” or “MADHUMEGAM or “INIPPU NOI”. In Siddha system of medicine there are thousands of medicines indicated for Madhumegam (diabetes.) The human body is constituted of seven tissues which are known as Uda...

Background: In Siddha system of medicine siddhars classified the diseases according to thirithodam i.e vali, Azhal, and Iyam into 4448. Keelvayu is a collective joint disease occurs due the derangement of vali followed by other two thodam. . There are 10 types of keelvayu such as Vali keelvayu, Azhal keelvayu, Iya keelvayu, Vali azhal keelvayu, val...

INTRODUCTION: Non Communicable Diseases (NCD) is ailments that are primarily based on the day to day habits of people. As per WHO Non-communicable diseases kill 41 million people each year, equivalent to 71% of all deaths globally. 80% of premature NCD death is due to four groups of diseases which include Cardio Vascular Diseases, Cancer, Respirato...

INTRODUCTION: Non Communicable Diseases are the ailments that are based on the day to day habits of people. As per WHO Non - communicable diseases kill 41 million people each year, equivalent to 71% of all deaths globally. Cardio Vascular Diseases account for most NCD deaths of 17.9 million peoples annually followed by cancers (9.0 million), respir...

Siddha medicines include 32 types of internal medicines and 32 types of external applications. Herbal drugs are given in the forms like choornam (powder), ilagam, Mathirai (tablets), thylam (oil) and mineral preparations in the form of parpam (white calcinated powder), chendooram (red in color) etc. The siddha formulation 'Vayu keelaga ilagam' is a...

Varma kalai is a Tamil Traditional art of vital points. Siddha system is one of the oldest medical systems in the world. It is originated in Tamil Nadu. 108 main points have been identified by the siddhars. It is the martial arts in which the body’s pressure points (varmam). Life is propelled by PranaVaya (oxygen), it gives life energy to the 72,00...

ABSTRACT Yoga, which originated in India 5000 years ago, helps the human beings to make their body healthy. Yoga is an essential practice to increase the physical and mental activity and also prevent the occurrence of Non-Communicable Diseases. Yoga practice can improve the function of different system of the body, foster psychological wellbeing an...

ABSTRACT Introduction Nowadays, Obesity has become a major chronic disorder affecting the larger population more than any other diseases in the world.Obesity is the state of excess of adipose tissues [1]. It’s one of the most prevalent forms of nutritional disorders in many countries. According to World Health Organization (WHO) statistics (2016),...

Inflammatory response is a protective response to injury, irritant or infection and is required to remove the injurious stimuli as well as initiate the healing process. It is a complex process and it associated with increased vascular permeability, protein denaturation and membrane alteration. The common symptoms of arthritis is pain, which is due...

Background: Kalladaippu (Kidney stones) is a common problem worldwide with substantial morbidities and economic costs. A large number of people are suffering from urinary stone problem all over the globe. Kidney stones are excruciatingly painful and primarily affect people who are of working age. These patients face not only the cost of treatment,...

World Health Organization (WHO) has highlighted the need to make sure quality control of Siddha formulations by using modern techniques and by using appropriate parameters and standards. Standardization of formulations and medicines are a major challenge. The safety, acceptability and efficacy of various drugs and formulations have to be documented...

Good health is our greatest asset, without good health we can hardly expect succession any walk of life. The body is important as the soul, divorced from the body the soul is naught. "If the body is destroyed, life is destroyed Nor will life come by true wisdom firm Knowing means, the body is foster I foster the body and the life."-Thirumanthiram v...

Moolam (Haemorrhoid) is one of the commonest diseases of ano rectal region. Worldwide, the overall prevalence of haemorrhoid in the general population is estimated to be 4.4%. The faulty dietary pattern and life style, hereditary factors are important etiological factors of this disease. As per saint Yugi, moolam is classified as 21 types based on...

As compared to today, a number of cases of diabetes, blood pressure, heart attack, cancer etc. were very low a few decades ago. Our ancestors had much better over all health than us. Just because their lifestyle was very close to nature and they were getting all the nutrients from the food they were eating as preventive medicine did not confine its...

Azhinjiathikashayam is a herbo mineral Siddha poly herbal formulation said for the management of Madhumegam (Type-2 Diabetes mellitus) in ancient Siddha literature. The study drug was subjected to estimate the therapeutic efficacy in Madhumegam patients. A well designed study protocol was approve by Institutional Ethics Committee and the clinical s...

The Siddha poly herbal drug Adathodai Chooranam is indicated for respiratory disorders like Bronchial Asthma,bronchitis, COPD etc. Bronchial asthma is a clinical syndrome with possible correlation to oxidative stress; thereforethe effectiveness of some antioxidant drugs has been studied in management of chronic bronchial asthma. Antioxidants can co...

Siddha system of medicine is a science which treats body and mind.It defines health is a complete presence of physical, mental, emotional, spiritual and social balance., Diabetes mellitus represents worldwide an extremely important public health problem considering its high prevalence, the serious complications triggered by the disease, the associa...

Prevention and management of lifestyle disorders may be established by theraiyar pinianuga vithigal. Theraiyar recommended certain basic principles to be followed for the healthy living which include observation of certain regimen as mentioned in “pinianuga vithi” literally meaning rules that help to prevent disease. Siddha is the oldest documented...

Cancer is a term used for diseases in which these occurs abnormal cell division without control and cancer cells are able to invade other tissues. It can affect almost any part of body and may spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph system. Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and accounted for 7.6 million deaths (arou...

Hypertension is the most common cardio vascular disease and it is major public health issue in developing countries. Primary hypertension is the most common type of hypertension affecting 95% of hypertensive patients. It is the primary cause of stroke, coronary artery disease and sudden cardiac death. Approximately 20% of the world’s adults are est...

Nandukkal parpam is a siddha formulation indicated mainly for kidney diseases especially kidney stone. This drug was tested for anti microbial property against Proteus Vulgaris, E-cloi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus by Agar-disk diffusion method and the results obtained from the study showed that NKP has an...

Traditional medicine can take part a significant task in achieving the goal of 'Health for All' and is offered to assisting the integration of traditional medicine with Western medicine all over the world (WHO). As a part of policy to reduce financial trouble on developing countries which spend 40-50 % of their total health budget on drugs, WHO cur...

Azhinjiyathi kashayam is a poly herbal Siddha formulation mainly indicated for diabetic patients has been screened for toxic effects according to OECD Guidelines. For acute toxicity studies, Azhinjiyathi kashayam was administered orally in single dose of 5, 50, 300 and 2000 mg/kg body weight to the rats. For sub-acute toxicity study, different dose...

Nandukkal parpam is a herbo mineral siddha formulation extensively used in the treatment of Renal calculi. Physico chemical analysis of nandukkal parpam i.e. quantitative parameters such as pH, ash (%w/w), acid insoluble ash (%w/w), loss on drying @105 ͦ C, water soluble extractive, alcohol soluble extractive, calcium content and foreign matter wer...

Objective: The present pilot study was designed to evaluate the effect of Nandukkal parpam (Calx of Fossil stone crab) a Traditional Siddha medicine in Kalladaippu (Urolithiasis) patients. Method: This study was conducted at the National Institute of Siddha, Tambaram, Chennai, India. The investigator recruited 10 patients with an inclusion and excl...

Siddha medicines are classified into 32 internal medicines and 32 external medicines, The external medicines play a major therapeutic role in many of the chronic ailments such as skin diseases, vali noi, kirigai, peru vayiru and non healing ulcers etc. Fumigation is an important external therapeutic procedure by using herbs, animal products includi...

The traditional Dravidian system of medicine is popularly referred as Siddha medicine with vast repository of external therapies. These procedures are as important as the internal medicine in the management of health and disease. Most of these therapies are aimed at maintaining a healthy balance of the three physiological factors or humours (Thirit...

External therapeutic procedures in Siddha system of medicine arebroadly classified into 32 types. It helps in maintaining a healthy balance of thirithodam and nourishment of saptha thathu. Vatham is mainly concerned with the movements of the body. The external therapies are safe and more efficient in treating vatha diseases as it corrects the deran...

The World Health Organization (WHO, 2002) emphasized development and utilization of herbal drugs and traditional medicines for the benefit of the world population in terms of cost effectiveness and low side effect. Plant medicines are in great demand both in the developed as well as developing countries for primary health care because of their wide...

Siddha system were practised in traditional Tamil speaking people, where they exists beyond the continent also. The people were well in Physical and Mental health with the Siddha Medicines. When the infectious diseases were ruled over the world, people were looked for the conventional medicines. But the re-infectious threat, challenging non-communi...

Siddha is a very vast and elaborate medicinal science, containing a huge amount of medical knowledge. In siddha system of Medicine 4448 types of diseases are explained by Siddhars. The disease Iya eraippu noi can be correlated to Bronchial Asthma in Modern science. Bronchial asthma is a common respiratory disorder affecting approximately 35% of the...

In the present scenario, herbal medicines have gained global importance with both medicinal and economic implications. Thus scientific assessment has become a prerequisite for acceptance of health claims. In traditional medicine most of the diseases have been treated by administration of herbal or mineral or animal product. Soothaga vaayu leghium i...

The present study investigated the acute and sub acute toxicity study of Thuthuvalayathy Chooranam, a herbomineral Siddha formulation indicated for the management of Swasa kasam (Bronchial asthma) in experimental animal models. Thuthuvalayathy Chooranam contains Thuthuvalai (Solanum trilobatum, Linn) Echchura muli (Aristolochia indica.Linn) Chittar...

In South India, indigenous remedies have been used in the treatment of Diabetes mellitus since the time of Agathiyar and Thirumoolar. Plants have always been an exemplary source of drugs and many of the currently available drugs have been derived directly or indirectly from them. The ethnobotanical information reports that about 800 plants may poss...

Veezhi ennei is a traditional Siddha poly herbal formulation being prescribed for Garpa vaayu (Polycystic ovarian Syndrome). This formulation composed of 11 herbal ingredients. According to the scientific review each ingredients of Veezhi ennei possesses antidiabetic, antioxidant and hypolipidemic activity which could have potent therapeutic role i...

Siddha is a great subject and explains a reputed indigenous medical and health system. It contributes significantly to the health care of the human society. The present study was to introduce a new combination of siddha medicines could be effective in curing the Acute pancreatitis. Acute pancreatitis is a multi system disease with an unpredictable...

Atthippattaiyathi kasayam (APK), a polyherbal Siddha formulation intended to use for diabetic patients, has been screened for toxic effects. For acute toxicity studies, Atthippattaiyathi kasayam was administered orally in single dose of 270 mg/kg to the mice. For sub-acute toxicity studies, different doses of Atthippattaiyathi kasayam (270, 1350 an...

Globally interest in traditional medicine is increasing day by day. At the same time safety and efficacy of traditional medicine have become important concerns for health authorities and the public. In siddha system of medicine Iya eraippu Noi may be correlated with the bronchial asthma in modern medicine. Airway inflammation in the bronchial wall...

This is an open clinical trial conducted in OPD/IPD of Ayothidoss pandithar Hospital of National Institute of Siddha Chennai-47. 40 patients diagnosed as Swasakasam (Bronchial asthma) were enrolled for this study to estimate the efficacy of Thuthuvalayathychooranam a herbomineral Siddha formulation. The study was conducted in accordance with the st...

Every system of medicine promotes the adage ‘Prevention is better than cure’. But Siddha system of medicine can help us to live a healthy, natural life by preventing diseases. It is well known that all the eyes of the world turning to the natural system of medicine, especially indigenous system of medicine to find out a more acceptable drug for chr...

Polycystic ovarian disease is the most common gynaecological endocrinopathy with ovarian expression of metabolic disturbances. The incidence appears to be increased due to change in life style and stress. The principle features are obesity, chronic non ovulation, irregular menstruation, excess of androgenic hormones. It is one of the leading causes...

In India, 12% of the population is expected to have urinary stones, out of which 50% may end up with loss of kidneys or renal damage. Recurrent stone formation is a common problem with all types of stones and therefore an important part of the medical care of patients with stone disease. The researchers discovered that patients with stone formation...

Siddha system of medicine is a complete holistic medical system that has been practiced especially in south India for 2000 years and above. This system deals with the combination of herbs, minerals, metals, animal and marine products for therapeutic and prophylactic medicines. Soothagavaayuleghium is a herbo-mineral formulation of Siddha medicine i...

Minerals have long been used in traditional medicines for various diseases. The use of metals and minerals, if properly purified and processed is not harmful but actually helpful in patient recovery. The activity of any pharmacologically active drug is based on the dose of administration, duration of administration, frequency of administration and...

Siddha system propounded by the Siddhars is a unique system which defines health as a perfect state of physical, psycological, social and spiritual well being of an individual. Moolam is the most common health problem throughout the world 50%-85% of the global population were reported. One such clinical entity is moolam mentioned in Yugi Vaithiya C...

Polycystic Ovarian disease (PCOD) is the most common gynaecological problem with prevalence ranging from 2.2 to 26%. The incidence appears to be increase due to change in life style and stress. It is one of the leading causes for sub-fertility.The symptoms of PCOD can be correlated with Garpavaayu mentioned in the ancient Siddha literature. In Sidd...

To introduce a new combination of Siddha Medicine that could be effective in increasing sperm count. In the 20th century usage of herbal based medicinal therapy gained importance and found their place in 40% of prescription because of their lesser side effect compare with other chemical drugs. A remarkable increase in the usage of medicinal plant p...

This article deals with the review of siddha literature on the practice of Thaamboolam (Betal quid) in the prevention of vayu gunmam (Irritable bowel syndrome), one of the bowel related disorder explained by yugi in his text. Gas and flatulance, abdominal pain, constipation, heart burn, nausea and vomiting are mentioned in yugi's text can be correl...

This is an observational study conducted with 40 known cases of madhumegam (Type II Diabetes mellitus) from out patient department of Maruthuvam at Ayothidoss pandithar Hospital, National Institute of Siddha. The study was carried out from the input received from the cases through an Interviewer Administered Comprehensive Questionnarie which includ...

Siddha is a great subject and explains a reputed indigenous medical and health system. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Adhathodai honey drops in kuruthi azhal noi. The symptoms of kuruthi azhal noi may be correlated with primary hypertension. This study was carried out in 13 cases (OPD and IPD) in Ayothidoss pandithar Ho...

Siddha, a time tested, safe and effective system of Traditional Medicine is being practiced widely in Tamil speaking parts of our country and abroad. The specialty lies in the ability of the Siddha Physicians to prepare their own medicines. ‘Sarva noi linga chenduram’ is one among the medicines used in Siddha for treating ‘Azhal Keel Vayu’ which ma...

The present study was to introduce a new combination of Siddha medicines could be effective in lowering the Hepatitis C viral load. A 27-year –young man with the symptoms of abdominal discomfort and constipation (7 days), reported to the out patient department of National Institute of Siddha, Chennai. The patient was a known case of Hepatitis C vir...

This is the electronic document designed to record all of the protocol required information to be analyzed after study on each trial subject. All the source data related to the study of each trial subjects were maintained with a separate Trial master file (TMF). Before administering the first dose of the test drug, all the baseline data, required l...

Clinical data management is a profession with increasing importance with pharmaceutical research and development. Data management forms a key task set with in the clinical development process, providing quality data bases for analysis, reporting and regulatory submission. In this review the authors discuss about CDM (Clinical Data Management) under...