Hizqeel Ahmed Muzaffar

• Doctor of Veterinary Medicine
• Student at University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences

The prevalence of ticks and tick-borne diseases is increasing worldwide. Human activities such as urbanization and deforestation are disturbing the natural habitats. As a result, humans and animals are coming in contact with ticks and the cases of tick-borne diseases are increasing, ultimately leading to economic losses. The impact of climate chang...

Theileriosis is a tick-borne disease and is transmitted by the members of Ixodidae and Theileria annulata and Theileria parva are the major species causing infections. It destroys a host's RBCs and WBCs leading to a reduction in the normal levels of PCV and Hb and so it is an obligate intracellular blood parasite. It is an economic disease due to i...

We started a campaign in the heart of Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan, to expose the hidden threats of parasitic illnesses in ruminants and the severe financial consequences associated with them. Our in-depth investigations focused on the prevalence, impact, and astounding financial losses brought on by organ contamination in slaughtered animals. Of t...

The livestock industry has been shifted towards the herbal products after the prohibition on the use of antibiotic feed additives which not only harmful for the health of animal but also not cost friendly. Due to the resistance developed in microorganisms against many antibiotics, it is prohibited to use antibiotics as a feed additive in the rumina...

Babesiosis and Theileriosis are major threats to livestock globally. No region of the world is safe from these diseases. Ticks play a crucial role in the transmission of these diseases. Among babesiosis, bovine, canine, and human babesiosis are the most important. Among theileriosis, tropical theileriosis, East Coast fever, and equine piroplasmosis...

The evolution, types, efficacy, and impact on livestock of Foot-and-Mouth disease (FMD) vaccines are described in this chapter. In developing countries like Pakistan, FMD is an alarming disease of livestock and requires control measures because of its impact on the economy of a country. The importance of vaccines against FMD and challenges regardin...

Probiotics are live bacteria that give the host health benefits when given in sufficient doses. Yeast products have a variety of impacts, such as improving the operation of the intestinal barrier, changing the levels of bacteria in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and giving host bacteria useful substrates. By promoting the growth of the bacteria e...

Haemonchus contortus is a gastrointestinal nematode of sheep and goats. It is prevalent in almost all parts of the world. It causes an economic crisis because a host undergoes malnutrition, which ultimately leads to a decrease in production. Acute infections lead to sudden death. It is considered a model nematode to be studied because of its geneti...

The relationship between a parasite and its host depends upon biochemical, genetic and physiological processes. Both the hosts and the parasites play a role in these processes. With the passage of time, parasites have evolved to utilize the host’s machinery more effectively. Parasites can be classified on the basis of their life cycles, modes of tr...

Toxoplasmosis is the infection of Toxoplasma gondii. It is an apicomplexan parasite that infects both animals and humans, worldwide. Its definitive hosts are felines. So, pet cats are the main toxoplasma reservoirs affecting the human population directly. Toxoplasma, resides in ovaries and hence leads to reduced reproductive potential, infertility,...

Vitamins and minerals are receiving a lot of attention for their potential to boost the immune system, particularly in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. Although these nutrients do not act as a cure or preventative measure for the virus, their role in boosting the immune system is essential for fighting infections such as respiratory illnesses, in...

Babesia and Theileria are continuously becoming a challenge for livestock. No part of the world is safe from these pathogens. Although some species of cattle like Zebu cattle are resistant to these pathogens, then other species of cattle are being infected by these pathogens, ultimately leading to economic losses in the form of decrease in milk an...

We started a campaign in the heart of Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan, to expose the hidden threats of parasitic illnesses in ruminants and the severe financial consequences associated with them. Our in-depth investigations focused on the prevalence, impact, and astounding financial losses brought on by organ contamination in slaughtered animals. Of t...