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Publications (75)
Neural dynamics are thought to reflect computations that relay and transform information in the brain. Previous studies have identified the neural population dynamics in many individual brain regions as a trajectory geometry, preserving a common computational motif. However, whether these populations share particular geometric patterns across brain...
Hunger and thirst drive animals’ consumption behavior and regulate their decision-making concerning rewards. We previously assessed the thirst states of monkeys by measuring blood osmolality under controlled water access and examined how these thirst states influenced their risk-taking behavior in decisions involving fluid rewards. However, hunger...
Research in the multidisciplinary field of neuroeconomics has mainly been driven by two influential theories regarding human economic choice: prospect theory, which describes decision-making under risk, and reinforcement learning theory, which describes learning for decision-making. We hypothesized that these two distinct theories guide decision-ma...
Prospect theory, arguably the most prominent theory of choice, is an obvious candidate for neural valuation models. How the activity of individual neurons, a possible computational unit, obeys prospect theory remains unknown. Here, we show, with theoretical accuracy equivalent to that of human neuroimaging studies, that single-neuron activity in fo...
Computation of expected values (i.e., probability × magnitude) seems to be a dynamic integrative process performed by the brain for efficient economic behavior. However, neural dynamics underlying this computation is largely unknown. Using lottery tasks in monkeys ( Macaca mulatta , male; Macaca fuscata , female), we examined (1) whether four core...
A number of studies have suggested that the cerebellum has cognitive functions; however, the underlying neuronal mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that sustained visual signals in the cerebellar dentate nucleus represent the visuomotor associative information. We recorded neural activity from the dentate nucleus when monkeys...
Inhibitory interneurons are fundamental constituents of cortical circuits that process information to shape economic behaviors. However, the role of inhibitory interneurons in this process remains elusive at the core cortical reward-region, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Here, we show that presumed parvalbumin-containing GABAergic interneurons (fast-s...
Neural dynamics reflect canonical computations that relay and transform information in the brain. Previous studies have identified the neural population dynamics in many individual brain regions as a trajectory geometry in a low-dimensional neural space. However, whether these populations share particular geometric patterns across brain-wide neural...
Hunger and thirst drive animals' consumption behavior and regulate their decision-making regarding rewards. We previously assessed the thirst states of monkeys by measuring blood osmolality under controlled water access and related the thirst states to risky decisions for fluid rewards. However, hunger assessments in monkeys have been poorly perfor...
Individuals often assess past decisions by comparing what was gained with what would have been gained had they acted differently. Thoughts of past alternatives that counter what actually happened are called "counterfactuals." Recent theories emphasize the role of the prefrontal cortex in processing counterfactual outcomes in decision-making, althou...
Neural population dynamics provide a key computational framework for understanding information processing in the sensory, cognitive, and motor functions of the brain. They systematically depict complex neural population activity, dominated by strong temporal dynamics as trajectory geometry in a low-dimensional neural space. However, neural populati...
Individuals often assess past decisions by comparing what was gained with what would have been gained had they acted differently. Thoughts of past alternatives that counter what actually happened are called “counterfactuals”. Recent theories emphasize the role of the prefrontal cortex in processing counterfactual outcomes in decision-making, althou...
Research in the multidisciplinary field of neuroeconomics has been driven by two influential theories regarding human economic choice: prospect theory, which describes decision-making under risk, and reinforcement learning theory, which describes learning for decision-making. We hypothesized that these two distinct theories guide decision-making in...
Neural population dynamics, presumably fundamental computational units in the brain, provide a key framework for understanding information processing in the sensory, cognitive, and motor functions. However, neural population dynamics is not explicitly related to the conventional analytic framework for single-neuron activity, i.e., representational...
Prospect theory, arguably the most prominent theory of choice, is an obvious candidate for neural valuation models. How the activity of individual neurons, a possible computational unit, reflects prospect theory remains unknown. Here, we show with theoretical accuracy equivalent to that of human neuroimaging studies that single-neuron activity in f...
Research in behavioral economics and reinforcement learning has given rise to two influential theories describing human economic choice under uncertainty. The first, prospect theory, assumes that decision-makers use static mathematical functions, utility and probability weighting, to calculate the values of alternatives. The second, reinforcement l...
See Fig. 8 in [Topographic distinction in long-term value signals between presumed dopamine neurons and presumed striatal projection neurons in behaving monkeys]
Animal behavior is regulated based on the values of future rewards. The phasic activity of midbrain dopamine neurons signals these values. Because reward values often change over time, even on a subsecond-by-subsecond basis, appropriate behavioral regulation requires continuous value monitoring. However, the phasic dopamine activity, which is spora...
See summary figure 9 in [Tonically Active Neurons in the Monkey Dorsal Striatum Signal Outcome Feedback during Trial-and-error Search Behavior]
Appropriate actions are taken based on the values of future rewards. The phasic activity of midbrain dopamine neurons signals these values. Because reward values often change over time, even on a subsecond-by-subsecond basis, appropriate action selection requires continuous value monitoring. However, the phasic dopamine activity, which is sporadic...
An animal’s choice behavior is shaped by the outcome feedback from selected actions in a trial-and-error approach. Tonically active neurons (TANs), presumed cholinergic interneurons in the striatum, are thought to be involved in the learning and performance of reward-directed behaviors, but it remains unclear how TANs are involved in shaping reward...
An animal’s choice behavior is shaped by the outcome feedback from selected actions in a trial-and-error approach. Tonically active neurons (TANs), presumed cholinergic interneurons in the striatum, are thought to be involved in the learning and performance of reward-directed behaviors, but it remains unclear how TANs are involved in shaping reward...
When we make economic choices, the brain first evaluates available options and then decides whether to choose them. Midbrain dopamine neurons are known to reinforce economic choices through their signal evoked by outcomes after decisions are made. However, although critical internal processing is executed while decisions are being made, little is k...
Computation of expected values, i.e., probability times magnitude, seems to be a dynamic integrative process performed in the brain for efficient economic behavior. However, neural dynamics underlying this computation remain largely unknown. We examined (1) whether four core reward-related regions detect and integrate the probability and magnitude...
Nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) projections are anatomically organized along the dorsolateral-ventromedial axis, conveying long-term value signals to the striatum for shaping actions toward multiple future rewards. The present study examines whether the topographic organization of long-term value signals are observed upon activity of presumed DA neuron...
The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) plays crucial roles in monitoring the outcome of a choice and adjusting a subsequent choice behavior based on the outcome information. In the present study, we investigated how different types of dACC neurons, that is, putative pyramidal neurons and putative inhibitory interneurons, contribute to these pr...
The thalamus provides a massive input to the striatum, but despite accumulating evidence, the functions of this system remain unclear. It is known, however, that the centromedian (CM) and parafascicular (Pf) nuclei of the thalamus can strongly influence particular striatal neuron subtypes, notably including the cholinergic interneurons of the stria...
Normalization is a common cortical computation widely observed in sensory perception, but its importance in perception of reward value and decision making remains largely unknown. We examined (1) whether normalized value signals occur in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and (2) whether changes in behavioral task context influence the normalized repre...
Cortico-basal ganglia circuits are critical regulators of reward-based decision making. Reinforcement learning models posit that action reward value is encoded by the firing activity of striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and updated upon changing reinforcement contingencies by dopamine (DA) signaling to these neurons. However, it remains unclear...
Hunger and thirst are fundamental biological processes that drive consumption behavior in humans and non-human animals. While the existing literature in neuroscience suggests that these satiety states change how consumable rewards are represented in the brain, it remains unclear as to how they change animal choice behavior and the underlying econom...
Proprioception is one’s overall sense of the relative positions and movements of the various parts of one’s body. The primary somatosensory cortex (SI) is involved in generating the proprioception by receiving peripheral sensory inputs from both cutaneous and muscle afferents. In particular, area 3a receives input from muscle afferents and areas 3b...
Animals monitor the outcome of their choice and adjust subsequent choice behavior using the outcome information. Together with the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), the lateral habenula (LHb) has recently attracted attention for its crucial role in monitoring negative outcome. To investigate their contributions to subsequent behavioral adjustment, w...
Inhibitory interneurons are fundamental constituents of neural circuits that organize network outputs. The striatum as part of the basal ganglia is involved in reward-directed behavior. However, the role of the inhibitory interneurons in this process remains unclear, especially in behaving monkeys. We recorded striatal single neuron activity while...
Significance
We show that monkeys display similar risk preferences and rationality to those of humans, suggesting that despite concerns raised by earlier reports, they can serve as a model for human behavior. Standard experimental economic techniques have long allowed us to evaluate human risk attitudes, but we do not know how they relate to wealth...
Decisions maximizing benefits involve a tradeoff between the quantity of a reward and the cost of elapsed time until an animal receives it. The estimation of long-term reward values is critical to attain the most desirable outcomes over a certain period of time. Reinforcement learning theories have established algorithms to estimate the long-term r...
In the process of motivation to engage in a behavior, valuation of the expected outcome is comprised of not only external variables (i.e., incentives) but also internal variables (i.e., drive). However, the exact neural mechanism that integrates these variables for the computation of motivational value remains unclear. Besides, the signal of physio...
Humans and animals optimize their behavior by evaluating outcomes of individual actions and predicting how much reward the actions will yield. While the estimated values of actions guide choice behavior, the choices are also governed by other behavioral norms, such as rules and strategies. Values, rules and strategies are represented in neuronal ac...
Behavioral decisions and actions are directed to achieve specific goals and to obtain rewards and escape punishments. Previous studies involving the recording of neuronal activity suggest the involvement of the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and midbrain dopamine system in these processes. The value signal of the action options is represented in t...
Standard methods for behavioral and neurophysiological experiments in the non-human primate rely on controlled water access as a means for motivating subject performance. It is, however, still not clear whether animals are able to regulate their fluid balance appropriately under these experimental settings. Further, the physical state associated wi...
Tonically active neurons (TANs) and phasically active neurons (PANs) are widely believed to be the cholinergic interneurons and GABAergic projection neurons, respectively, in the striatum based on in vivo intracellular recordings coupled with morphological examinations of anesthetized rats, and on histochemical, electrophysiological, and labeling s...
Behavioral decisions and actions are directed to achieve specific goals and to obtain rewards and escape punishments. Previous studies involving the recording of neuronal activity suggest the involvement of the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and midbrain dopamine system in these processes. The value signal of the action options is represented in t...
Animals optimize behaviors by predicting future critical events based on histories of actions and their outcomes. When behavioral outcomes like reward and aversion are signaled by current external cues, actions are directed to acquire the reward and avoid the aversion. The basal ganglia are thought to be the brain locus for reward-based adaptive ac...
To achieve a goal, animals procure immediately available rewards, escape from aversive events, or endure the absence of rewards. The neuronal substrates for these goal-directed actions include the limbic system and the basal ganglia. In the striatum, tonically active neurons (TANs), presumed cholinergic interneurons, were originally shown to respon...
In order to achieve a goal, one procures immediately available rewards, escape from aversive events or endures absence of rewards. The neuronal substrate for these goal-directed actions includes the limbic system and the basal ganglia. In the basal ganglia, classes of projection neurons in the striatum show activity with motivational as well as sen...
To study roles of cortico-basal ganglia loops in action planning, we examined interactions between the activities of simultaneously recorded neurons in the striatum of monkeys performing sequence motor tasks by cross-correlation analysis. Serial activation occurred between projection neurons in a motor sequence-dependent manner, and was in the dire...
To perform any task of our own volition, we execute multiple movements in a specific order based on the likelihood of obtaining a successful outcome. Neurons in the supplementary motor area (SMA), pre-SMA and those in the basal ganglia encode the temporal order, or the sequence of movements used in the tasks (Mushiake and Strick, 1995; Kermadi and...
