Hinnerk Eißfeldt

• Dr. phil.
• Retired at German Aerospace Center (DLR)

In a telephone survey on the acceptance of civilian drones in Germany conducted at the end of 2022, a certain portion of the questions was dedicated to air taxis explicitly. In the nationwide representative study, attitudes concerning air taxis were relatively balanced, with a slight negative tendency. Based on prior findings on the relevance of no...

In a telephone survey on the acceptance of civilian drones in Germany conducted at the end of 2022 a certain part of questions was dedicated to air taxis explicitly. While the attitude towards civilian drones tended to be slightly more positive than in the preceding study, in the again nationwide representative study attitudes concerning air taxis...

Der Abstractband beinhaltet Abstracts zu den Vorträgen, die am 27. April 2023 im Rahmen der Tagung "Nachhaltigkeit Urbaner Luftmobilität" an der Helmut-Schmidt-Universität/Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg gehalten wurden. Die Tagung wurde im Rahmen des Projektes "i-LUM" ("innovative luftgestützte urbane Mobilität", gefördert durch die Behörde für...

This study examines the impact of providing Air Traffic Control at a smaller aerodrome in a Remote TWR on ATCO's ability requirement profiles and on their training. 6 Air Traffic Controllers (60% of the licensed controllers) from DFS RTC Centre in Leipzig operating Saarbruecken airport TWR operations remotely since December 2018 were interviewed an...

In recent years, civil drones have become increasingly present in the media and in everyday life. However, public acceptance of drones still seems limited, with acceptance rates usually ranging around 50%. This contribution reports recent findings about the acceptance of civilian drones. Several factors influencing the public attitude towards drone...

Remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) operations in civil aviation are not only increasing in number but also in their scope of application, ranging from emergency missions for public authorities to commercial uses such as agricultural spraying. After years of varying levels of in-house training, the continuous growth of RPA operations indicates that qua...

This study examines the impact of providing Air Traffic Control at a smaller aerodrome in a Remote TWR on ATCO’s ability requirement profiles and on their training. 6 Air Traffic Controllers (60% of the licensed controllers) from DFS RTC Centre in Leipzig operating Saarbruecken airport TWR operations remotely since December 2018 were interviewed an...

In recent years, civil drones have become increasingly present in the media and in everyday life. However, public acceptance of drones still seems limited, with acceptance rates usually ranging around 50%. This contribution reports recent findings about the acceptance of civilian drones. Several factors influencing the public attitude towards drone...

Comparing today's control rooms or cockpits to those of about 30 years ago clearly shows huge differences in hard- and software, making changes in psychological requirements more than reasonable. To identify changes in ability requirements for operators in future aviation is of some concern when learning about solutions envisaged with large scale p...

The continuous growth of civil unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operations signalizes a need for qualification and training concepts for civil remote pilots. After years of training-by-doing, increasing numbers of professional drone pilots in Germany are now sufficient for empirical analysis. Being part of the interdisciplinary UAM project City-ATM of...

In recent years, civil drones have become increasingly present in the media and in everyday life. However, public acceptance of drones still seems limited, with acceptance rates usually ranging around 50%. This presentation reports challenges based on the findings of a representative study about the public acceptance of civilian drones in Germany....

Civil drones are becoming ever more present in public perception. Ranging from parcel delivery to wildlife protection and from precision farming to law enforcement, many applications are said to have market-changing potential. Against this background, nations and institutions around the world are trying to keep up with the dynamic technological dev...

Rapid technological developments provide people with an increasing number of opportunities for applying civil drones (e.g., rescue operations). However, one crucial aspect for the future use of drones will be their public acceptance. Importantly, drone acceptance is considered to substantially rely on noise concerns. Recent research demonstrated di...

In recent years, civil drones have become increasingly present in the media and in everyday life. There has been a high level of interest in drone delivery from the very beginning, yet public acceptance of drone delivery still seems limited, with acceptance rates usually ranging from 30 to 40%. The present paper reports findings of a representative...

In recent years, civil drones have become increasingly present in the media and in everyday life. There has been a high level of interest in drone delivery from the very beginning, yet public acceptance of drone delivery still seems limited, with acceptance rates usually ranging from 30 to 40%. The present paper reports findings of a representative...

In about 15 years, there is likely to be urban air mobility (UAM) in larger cities across the globe. Air taxis will provide on-demand transportation for individual needs. They will also connect important transportation nodes, such as airports and city centers, as well as providing quick transfers between train stations or a convenient option for cr...

In recent years, civil drones have become more and more visible in everyday life. There are numerous reports in the media covering a variety of drone aspects and technical developments. In addition, everyone is used to bird’s-eye views as common features in television, movies and photography. However, little is known about how the public perceives...

Drones are becoming more and more present in public perception. As a strong increase in the number and uses of drones is anticipated by all parties involved there is a rising interest concerning the acceptance of civil drones in the public. Widespread public acceptance can promote the successful dissemination of new technologies. Likewise, concerns...

In recent years civil drones have become more and more visible in everyday life. Reports in the media are numerous, they cover a variety of aspects and technical developments, and everybody is used to bird-eye views being a common feature in television, movies and photography. Parcel delivery by drones has been of high interest from the beginning a...

The DLR Department of Aviation and Space Psychology will be hosting another edition of the training course Psychological Selection of Operational Staff in Aviation for EAAP. The course will be held as a four day workshop from 16th to 19th of June 2020 in Hamburg, Germany. The course addresses important aspects of selection of operational staff in a...

In military contexts, unmanned aerial systems (UAS) efficiently fulfil reconnaissance duties and increase the safety of military personnel. Operators of HALE/MALE (High/Medium Altitude Long Endurance) systems are often recruited among pilots of manned military aviation. These dual careers in manned and unmanned aviation offer some advantages, but o...

In military contexts, unmanned aerial systems (UAS) efficiently fulfil reconnaissance duties and increase the safety of military personnel. However, compared to conventionally piloted aircraft, there is an increased rate of accidents involving UAS, some of which were a result of technological factors. Crucially, human factor failures have also been...

Selecting and training suitable people for the job of an air traffic controller (ATCO) is one of the biggest challenges in air traffic management (ATM). Due to the low base rate of suitable applicants, the high relevance of safety for the job, and the high costs of ATC training, selection of ab initio ATCO trainees requires a valid selection proced...

Drones are becoming ever more present in public perception. Ranging from parcel delivery to wildlife protection, from precision farming to law enforcement, and from industrial inspection to digital fireworks, many applications are said to have market-changing potential. Against this background, nations and institutions around the world are trying t...

Looking ahead, in about 20 years, there is likely to be urban air mobility in larger cities across the globe. If economic predictions come true, thousands of air taxi flights will take place daily in capital cities – not only in megacities. Noise generated by urban flight mobility has been identified as a critical factor in this development. A conc...

Drones – understood here as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in civil context - are becoming more and more present in public perception. Reaching from parcel delivery to wildlife protection, from precision farming to law enforcement, and from industrial inspection to digital fireworks, many applications are said to have market-changing potential, and...

Control Room Resource Management CRRM Training In the context of a research project on Collaborative Operations in COntrol rooms (COCO) at DLR German Aerospace Center a generic training program for control room operators was developed. The training program was constructed in order to improve collaboration and efficiency in control room teams in saf...

In recent years civil drones have become more and more visible in everydays life. Reports in the media are numerous, they cover a variety of aspects and technical developments, and everybody is used to bird-eye views being a common feature in television, movies and photography. However little is known how the public perceives this development. This...

Since the introduction of UAS in the German Bundeswehr, their deployment has steadily grown and therefore the demand for operating personnel. Due to the lack of knowledge about specific demands created by operating UAS, the DLR German Aerospace Center, Department of Aviation and Space Psychology in cooperation with the German Air Force, Center of A...

Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) have received more and more attention in the aviation sector in the past decade. Current discussions probably focus less on “if”, but more on the question of “how” UAS can be implemented into airspace traffic in the long run. In combination with technological advancements and increasing automation, the role of humans...

Hamburg, June 11th - 14th

In recent years civil drones have become more and more visible in everydays life. Reports in the media are numerous, they cover a variety of aspects and technical developments, and everybody is used to bird-eye views being a common feature in television, movies and photography. However little is known how the public perceives this development. This...

One of the goals of a large scale project at DLR German Aerospace Center on collaborative operations in control rooms (COCO) was the development of a resource management training tailored specifically to the needs of control room operators. Based on the outcome of workshops with subject matter experts from various professional backgrounds, results...

Registration and Preliminary Program

Im Rahmen der Fluglotsen- und Pilotenauswahl wird die psychologische Eignung von Bewerbern mithilfe von eignungsdiagnostischen Testverfahren überprüft. Dabei wird die Leistung in kognitiven Tests über die Anzahl richtiger und falscher Antworten sowie über Reaktionszeiten erfasst. Im Gegensatz zu diesen Leistungskennwerten, haben Blickbewegungen das...

In the field of aviation, there is a growing interest in developing more natural forms of interaction between operators and systems to enhance safety and efficiency. These efforts also include eye gaze as an input channel for human-machine interaction. The present study investigates the application of gaze-controlled input in a cognitive selection...

Pilots and air traffic controllers work in an environment where safety is highly relevant. Therefore, pilot and air traffic controller applicants pass through a multiple-stage selection process with several tests, including cognitive ability tests. Their test performance is usually assessed based on the number of correct answers, incorrect answers,...

Das DLR arbeitet seit vielen Jahren an unterschiedlichen Forschungsfragen, die eine Integration von Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) in den Luftraum ermöglichen sollen. Die Forschungsarbeiten wurden bisher an verschiedenen Instituten mit verschiedenen Fokussierungen bearbeitet. Dieses Dokumentes soll den Gesamtkontext aktueller Arbeiten darstellen u...

Comparing today's control rooms or cockpits as with those of about 20 years ago clearly shows huge differences in hard-and software, making changes in psychological requirements very reasonable. The German Aerospace Center DLR has been conducting studies to identify the ability requirements for operators in future settings, e.g. like those defined...

Leitzentralen sind sozio-technische Systeme, deren Mitarbeiter die für den Betriebsablauf erforderlichen Ressourcen räumlich und zeitlich koordinieren. Im Falle unvorhergesehener Ereignisse müssen im Leitzentralenteam Entscheidungen getroffen werden, wie die Situation zu managen ist. Aus der Human-Faktor-Perspektive setzt dies einen Prozess zum Auf...

This report describes the state of the selection system for air traffic control personnel of Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH (DFS). It includes statistics, flow charts and information about man power in the year 2014 (chapter 1). Moreover, scientific projects to further validate and improve the selection procedures are described as are special studies...

In future ATM systems aviation operators will have to work with highly automated systems. According to prior research operational monitoring will become a prominent aspect of task performance. Thus, operators monitoring appropriately will be needed, being able to detect system errors in time and to take over control if automation fails. To monitor...

Today’s control rooms and cockpits are very different from those of only a few years ago, and thus may require different operator’s abilities and skills. DLR has been conducting studies to identify the abilities and skills requirements for operators in NextGen and SESAR settings. In workshops with pilots and air traffic controllers, monitoring was...

Comparing today's control rooms or cockpits to those of about 30 years ago clearly shows huge differences in hard-and software, making changes in psychological requirements more than reasonable. To identify changes in ability requirements for operators in future aviation is of some concern when learning about solutions envisaged with large scale pr...

Content: • Ability Requirements • Selection Tools  computerized testing  work sample tests  assessment centre  interview techniques • Standards of Psychological Testing • Reliability • Validity • Quality Ensurance • Cost Benefit • Decision Making

In future ATM systems aviation operators will have to work with highly automated systems. According to prior research operational monitoring will become a prominent aspect of task performance [1]. Thus, operators moni-toring appropriately will be needed, being able to detect system errors in time and to take over control if automation fails. To mon...

Die hier berichtete Validierungsstudie basierte auf N=476 Auszubildenden der DFS GmbH und umfasste deren Leistungen von der Auswahl im DLR bis zum Abschluss des Trainings bei der DFS. Zusammenfassen konnte für alle Stufen des Auswahlverfahrens prädiktive Validität nachgewiesen werden. Eine Gesamterfolgsrate von 81% war höchst zufriedenstellend und...

With the implementation of the European ATM Master Plan (SESAR, 2012) job requirements for air-traffic controllers (ATCOs) will alter significantly. Especially the introduction of time-based operations is considered to impose large changes in task operations. A controller-in-the-loop simulation study was designed to assess experts’ judgments on the...

In the future in aviation, operators will have to work with highly automated systems. This increased level of automation will necessitate operators monitoring appropriately (OMA). To prepare future training and selection processes, a normative model was developed providing criteria for the identification of OMA. According to this model, the monitor...

Presentation describes activities in the context of SESAR WP 16.04.03 leading to the development of proactive tools to study potential changes in the psychological ability requirements of air traffic Controllers, pilots and ATSEPs (Air Traffic Safety Electronics Personnel) across Europe.

Invitation and Registration for PROFA Symposium

This report summarises the DLR project Aviator II. Based on findings of the previous project Aviator 2030, Aviator II focused on researching operational monitoring and decision making in future aviation. In doing so, two simulations were developed: AviaSim and MonT. AviaSim is a low-fidelity simulation, which combine on-board and ATC systems. With...

In the future of aviation, operators will have to work with highly automated systems. This necessitates operators monitoring appropriately (OMA). A theoretical model for adequate monitoring behavior was developed and eye movement parameters were defined to identify OMA. The present eye-tracking study focused on differences in monitoring behavior be...

A validation study based on 476 ab initio ATCO trainees for DFS was conducted. Analyses encompassed data from the beginning of the DLR selection procedure until the end of training for air traffic controllers at DFS. The total training success rate of 81% was highly satifactory. All stages of the selection procedure proved predictive validity.

Invitation and preliminary program of a 2-day DLR-Symposium covering different projects on Psychological Requirements for Operators in Future Aviation.

Comparing today's control rooms or cockpits to those of about 30 years ago clearly shows huge differences in hard- and software, making changes in psychological requirements more than reasonable. To identify changes in ability requirements for operators in future aviation is of some concern when learning about solutions envisaged with large scale p...

The job of an air traffic controller (ATCO) is very specific and demanding. The assessment of potential suitable candidates requires a customized and efficient selection procedure. The German Aerospace Center DLR conducts a highly selective, multiple-stage selection procedure for ab initio ATCO applicants for the German Air Navigation Service Provi...

This report provides a summary of the DLR project Aviator 2030. Based on domain experts’ points of view, Aviator 2030 develops future scenarios of ATM. Key aspects of these scenarios are tested with human operators in low-fidelity simulations which combine on-board and ATC systems. Potential changes in ability requirements for pilots and air traffi...

Abstract. The present study addresses the optimal fit between technical innovations in aviation and aircraft operators. Because of the increase in computerization, an accurate and efficient monitoring of the automation poses a key challenge to future operators. As the German Aerospace Center’s Department of Aviation and Space Psychology is responsi...

This report gives a summary of concept development of the DLR project Aviator 2030. Based on domain experts’ point of view, Aviator 2030 develops future scenarios of ATM. Key aspects of these scenarios will be tested with human operators in low-fidelity simulations which combine onboard and ATC systems. Thus, potential changes in ability requiremen...

Durch die Einführung neuer Technologien und operationeller Konzepte im Zuge des Single European Sky Programms (SESAR) werden sich neue Aufgaben und Anforderungen für zukünftige Piloten und Fluglotsen ergeben. Zur besseren Ausschöpfung vorhandener Kapazitätsreserven werden gegenwärtig Arbeitskonzepte diskutiert, die von verbesserter Interoperabilitä...

Auf einem Cockpit Display of Traffic Information (CDTI) wird der umgebende Verkehr im dreidimensionalen Luftraum dargestellt. Um ausreichenden Abstand zu den anderen Flugzeugen zu halten (Selbstseparation), sind verschiedene 2-D- und 3-D-Displays mit Möglichkeit zu interaktiver Bedienung realisiert und evaluiert worden. Die mit ihrer Dimensionalitä...