Hilmi Toker

• Professor (Associate) at Muğla University

In general, vegetable oils are chosen for oil heat treatment. Oil heat treatment with waste engine oil, which is quite limited in the literature, was used in this study. After the wood material was subjected to oil heat treatment with waste motor oil, several physical parameters such as oven-dry and air-dry density, water absorption (WA) levels, an...

There are many harmful chemicals in the wood protection and coating industry. These substances adversely affect human health over time and cause many diseases such as respiratory tract, skin, or lung cancer over time. In this study, bio-based nanocoatings as a replacement of bisphenol-A (BPA) were prepared by both protecting the wood organically an...

Experiments were conducted with the aim of improving the surface properties of Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) wood after weathering, including colour, gloss, and roughness, by means of heat treatment with waste olive oil (WOHT). First, WOHT was applied at 200 ℃ and 230 ℃ for 2 and 4 hours. Then, for three months, Oriental beech specime...

This study set out to look into some of the mechanical and physical characteristics of oil-heated oriental beech wood. Waste olive oil was used for oil-heat treatment. Heat treatment of the oil was done at 200 °C and 230 °C for 2 hours and 4 hours, respectively. After oil-heat treatment, physical traits including oven-dry density and water absorpti...

This study set out to look into some of the mechanical and physical characteristics of oil-heated oriental beech wood. Waste olive oil was used for oil-heat treatment. Heat treatment of the oil was done at 200 °C and 230 °C for 2 hours and 4 hours, respectively. After oil-heat treatment, physical traits including oven-dry density and water absorpti...

In this study, Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.) wood was treated with 0.5%, 1.5% and 4.5% concentrations of two different dimensional stability chemicals (glyoxal and glycerol), two different fire-retardant salts (sodium acetate and sodium pentaborate), and their mixtures (1:1; weight/weight). The thermal degradation properties of wood samples...

This work examined the changes in surface characteristics of Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.) covered with vegetable oil-based epoxide-amine (ETO + D230) and its nanocomposite derivatives. Epoxy + amine + carbon nanotube (ETO + D230 + C), Epoxy + amine + fullerene (ETO + D230 + F), and Epoxy + amine + graphene (ETO + D230 + G) doped with carbon...

The physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis), which had been impregnated with the water-based, copper-containing Korasit KS material from the Alkaline Copper Quaternary group, were investigated in this study. According to ASTM 1413-07el (2007) standard, the wood samples used in the investigation were impregn...

This work examined the changes in surface characteristics of Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.) covered with vegetable oil-based epoxide-amine (ETO + D230) and its nanocomposite derivatives Epoxy + amine + carbon nanotube (ETO + D230 + C), Epoxy + amine + fullerene (ETO + D230 + F), and Epoxy + amine + graphene (ETO + D230 + G) doped with carbon...

Some mechanical and physical properties of wood from the Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.) coated with biobased epoxide amine nanocoatings were investigated in this study. Firstly, plant oil-based epoxide (ETO) was obtained from the reaction of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and tung oil via a Diels-Alder reaction. ETO was cured with Jeffamine D230...

In this study, the leaching performance of boron compounds from Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.) wood coated with polyurethane/polyurea (PUU) hybrid resin and epoxy resin (EPR) was investigated. Leaching of boron test and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) analyzes were applied to the prepared test specimens. According to the leaching of boron...

This study was performed to investigate some mechanical properties such as modulus of rupture and compression strength parallel to grain and some fire properties such as weight loss and temperature values of Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis) treated with fire-retardants and coated with polyurethane/polyurea hybrid resin and epoxy resin were investi...

This study was made to determine surface characteristics such as colour, gloss, and surface hardness changes of Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis). The wood specimens were firstly impregnated with some fire-retardants (FRs) and primed with epoxy resin (EPR) and then coated with polyurethane/polyurea hybrid resin (PUU). Oriental beech was impregnated...

The study aimed to determine some surface parameters such as surface roughness and color changes of thermally modified Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.) wood samples after 750 hours of artifi cial weathering. The results of the study showed that artifi cial weathering led to an increase in surface roughness of Oriental beech wood. Thermal modifi...

The study investigates the gloss and color changes values of Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) wood impregnated withsome copper content impregnation chemicals such as Celcure C4, Korasit KS, and Tanalith E 8000 and then waterbasedvarnish (WBV) and polyurethane varnish (PV) coated after 6 months of weathering. The results of study showed that gloss...

This study was designed to investigate the weathering characteristics of Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia) wood. The wood specimens were impregnated with some copper-based chemicals and then varnish coated. As copper-based chemicals, Celcure C4, Korasit KS, and Tanalith E 8000 were used for impregnation. Polyurethane varnish (PV) and water-based varnis...

Abstract This study was designed to investigate physical properties such as color changes after weathering and water absorption (WA) levels, and combustion performance of borates-impregnated and LG-coated Oriental beech wood. Results showed that borates impregnated and LG-coated Oriental beech wood showed positive lightness stability after weatheri...

Weathering performance of impregnated and coated wood products is an important issue that infl uences their appearance as well as their service life after outdoor or indoor exposure. A novel procedure to improve the weathering performance of Scots pine wood (Pinus sylvestris L.) is proposed in this study. Wood samples were impregnated with ammonium...

Weathering performance of impregnated and coated wood products is an important issue that influences their appearance as well as their service life after outdoor or indoor exposure. A novel procedure to improve the weathering performance of Scots pine wood (Pinus sylvestris L.) is proposed in this study. Wood samples were impregnated with ammonium...

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of weathering on some surface characteristics such as color and surface roughness changes of Scots pine impregnated with copper-containing chemical such as Wolmanit CX-8 (WCX-8) and varnished with synthetic varnish (SV), cellulosic varnish (CV), and polyurethane varnish (PV) were investigated....

This study aimed to determine the effect of accelerated weathering on gloss, surface hardness and colour changes of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Test samples were impregnated with Adolit KD‐5, Wolmanit CX‐8 and Celcure AC‐500 covered with cellulosic and polyurethane varnishes. The results showed that the values of surface hardness and gloss in...

In this study, it was aimed to determine the color characteristics of heated and then coated with varnishes and liquid glass of Oriental Beech (Fagus orientalis L.) wood after natural weathering. In the study, wood specimens prepared according to TS 2470 standard with dimensions of 10 x 100 x 150 mm. Then, they were subjected to heat treatment at 1...

The aim of this study was to determine the surface hardness and surface roughness values of heated and coated with varnishes/liquid glass Oriental beech wood (Fagus orientalis L.) Wood specimens were prepared with dimensions of 10 x 100 x 150 mm. Then, the samples were heat treated at 180 0C for 4 hours. The heat-treated test specimens were then co...

This study was designed to investigate some surface characteristics such as gloss, color, and surface hardness changes of Scots pine wood preimpregnated with some copper-based chemicals before varnish coating after accelerated weathering. While Adolit KD-5 (AD-KD 5), Wolmanit CX-8 (WCX-8), and Celcure AC-500 (CAC-500) were used as copper-based impr...

In this study; the obligations of a company in furniture manufacturing sector have been investigated in terms of occupational health and safety. A risk analysis report was prepared for a company in furniture manufacturing sector. The research was carried out in a furniture factory in İzmir Karabağlar to observe and evaluate the works in the field....

This study was designed to determine some selected parameters such as gloss, surface roughness, and color changes of Scots pine wood impregnated with commonly used fire-retardant (FR) chemicals after UV irradiance. Sodium acetate (SA), ammonium chlorite (AC), zinc chlorite (ZC), ammoniumsulphate (AS), and di ammonium phosphate (DAP) were used as fi...

This study investigated the thermal properties of Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis) treated with (NH4)2HPO4, K2HPO4, NH4Cl and (NH4)2SO4 salts and their mixtures (1:1; w/w) aqueous solutions at 3% concentrations. The effects of different inorganic salts fire retardants on the thermal degradation characteristics of wood samples were evaluated by the...

In this study, investigation of the thermal properties of Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.)wood samples treated with 1.50 and 3.00% aqueous solutions of SiO2 and Al2O3 nanoparticleswere performed by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differentialthermogravimetric (DTG), and differential-thermal analysis (DTA) under argon atmosphere.Thermal...

This study was designed to investigate some surface characteristics such as glossiness and surface roughness changes of varnished thermowood after six months of weathering. Thermal modification of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.) wood were carried out by hot air in an oven for 1, 2, and 3 hours at 205, 215,...

This study was designed to investigate some surface characteristics such as glossiness and surface roughness changes of varnished thermowood after six months of weathering. Thermal modification of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.) wood were carried out by hot air in an oven for 1, 2, and 3 hours at 205, 215,...

In this study, it is aimed to determine surface roughness of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood impregnated with some copper based chemicals before varnish coating after accelerated weathering. While test specimens were impregnated with 3% aqueous solution of Celcure AC-500 (CAC-500), Wolmanit CX-8 (WCX-8), and Adolit KD-5 (AD-KD 5) polyurethane...

This study was aimed to determine surface roughness and gloss changes of heated and varnished Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.) woods after 3 months of weathering for in Mugla Region. Heat treatment of Oriental beech and Scots pine woods were carried out by hot air in an oven for 1, 2, and 3 h at 205, 215, an...

This study was designed to investigate color changes of heat treated and varnished Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.) after 3 months of weathering. Heat treatment of Oriental beech and Scots pine wood was carried out by hot air in an oven for 1, 2, and 3 hours at 205, 215, and 225°C. After heat treatment, wood...

This study was aimed to determine color changes of heated and varnished Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.) woods after 6 months of weathering in Mugla Region. Heat treatment of Oriental beech and Scots pine woods were carried out by hot air in an oven for 1, 2, and 3 h at 205, 215, and 225°C. After heat treatm...

In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of some mechanical properties of structural laminated wood reinforced with carbon fiber. Laminated sheets were obtained using moisture curing polyurethane and two component epoxy adhesives prepared from Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.) wood samples. Carbon fiber (CFRP) structural material was...

In recent years, due to the problems experienced in our country regarding vocational and technical education, students are facing employment problems after they have graduated. In general, it appears that university students have various desires and wishes about the content of course curricula. Particularly, the students who are responsible in thei...

zet: Bu çalışmada, Aydın ilinde bulunan mobilya firmalarında iş sağlığı ve güvenliği kapsamında yapılan çalışmalar araştırılmıştır. Bunun için 20 işletmeyle yüz yüze anket yoluyla görüşmeler yapılmış ve eksiklikler incelenip çözüm önerileri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Mobilya firmalarının işyerlerinde oluşabilecek kazalara karşı işçi sağlığı ve...

IIn this study, it is aimed to determine bonding strength and combustion characteristics of structural laminated wood material reinforced with carbon fiber (CFRP). Laminated sheets were obtained using moisture curing polyurethane and two component epoxy adhesives prepared from Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.) wood samples. In this study, while...

In this study, investigation of the thermal properties of Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.) wood samples treated with 1.50 and 3.00% aqueous solutions of SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles were performed by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential-thermogravimetric (DTG), and differential-thermal analysis (DTA) under argon atmosphere....

This study was carried out in order to determine the diagonal compression and diagonal tension of the corner joints constructed with biscuits in case type of furniture. For this purouse, diagonal compression and diagonal tension tests was applied to laminated MDF and laminated particleboard corner joints according to TS 5913 standart. Therefore; in...

While the entrepreneurship ecosystem is growing in Turkey, the interest of female entrepreneurs is increasing in this area. The woman who wants to do her own work penetrates, pushing as if she is everywhere in the world. It's around 110 thousand. When 1.2 million entrepreneurs are thought of in our country, this can be expressed as a very low figur...

To meet the requirements to meet production needs. The likelihood of return of goods and services to meet customer requirements. Today's revolving funds businesses. They can change. Particularly, you can change important decisions and the use of mathematical techniques in making such decisions and become inevitable for the future. These changes are...

This study was conducted to investigate some surface properties of wood specimens of heat treated Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) after weathering such as surface hardness, surface roughness, gloss, and color changes. Heat treatment of Scots pine wood was carried out by hot air in an oven for 1, 2, and 3 hours at 210, 220, and 230°C. The results s...

This study was performed to investigate some surface characteristics such as surface hardness, surface roughness, and color changes of heated and varnished Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) after accelerated weathering. Heat treatment of Oriental beech wood was carried out by hot air in an oven for 0.5, 1, and 1.5 h at 210, 220, and 230°C. A...

This study was aimed to investigate the gloss, surface hardness, surface roughness, and color changes of Scots pine that was treated with some chemicals after six months of weathering exposure. Chromated copper boron (CCB), vacsol aqua, and imersol aqua were used as the impregnation chemicals. Scots pine wood specimens were impregnated with 3% aque...

In this study, investigation of the thermal properties of Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis) sawdust treated with 0,25; 1 and 4,70% aqueous solutions of Adolit KD-5, Wolmanit CX- 8 and Tanalit-E were performed by using thermogravimetric analysis, differential-thermal analysis, and differential-thermal analysis under argon atmosphere. Results were co...

In this study, investigation of the thermal properties of Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis) sawdust treated with 0,25; 1 and 4,70% aqueous solutions of Adolit KD-5, Wolmanit CX-8 and Tanalit-E were performed by using thermogravimetric analysis, differential-thermal analysis, and differential-thermal analysis under argon atmosphere. Results were com...

It was aimed to investigate thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differentia l-thermogravimetric (DTG), and differential-thermal analysis (DTA) of Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.) wood treated with some leaching resistant borates such as sodium tetraphenylborate (STPB) and phenylboronic acid (PBA). In this study; 0.25, 1.00, and 4.70 % aqueous sol...

Değişir sermaye alanında faaliyetini sürdüren işletmelerde, üretim amaçlarına ulaşabilmesi için insan gereksinimlerini karşılayacak mal ve hizmetlerini oluşturma işlemi döner sermaye süreci ile olmaktadır. Günümüzdeki döner sermayeli işletmelerde isabetli kararlara ulaşmada yöntem faktörlerinin de hesaba katılması gerektiği kabul edilmektedir. Özel...

In this study, it was aimed to investigate surface hardness, gloss, and color changes of Scots pine treated with chemicals containing some copper compounds after six months weathering. Adolit KD-5 (AD KD-5), celcure AC-500 (CAC-500), and wolmanit CX-8 (WCX-8) were used as impregnation chemicals containing copper compounds. Scots pine wood specimens...

The main purpose of this study was to investigate mechanical properties such as the modulus of rupture (MOR) and compression strength parallel to grain (CSPG) of impregnated and heat-treated Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.) wood. Some copper and boron containing impregnation chemicals such as Wolmanit CX-8 (WCX-8) and Celcure AC-500 (CAC-500) w...

Graduates of Vocational High Schools can automatically go on to associate degree programs in vocational schools of Higher Education in their respective fields of study if they wish. Understanding expectations of students and trying to answer to the expectations are very important at improving quality of education in Vocational School. The aim of th...

Vocational schools have been different missions in historical process. Today, the industry and the needs of the service sector were established in order to train qualified people with the necessary knowledge and skills in the field. Furniture and Decoration Program of the wood and derivative materials, furniture fittings and hardware for furniture...

Wood is widely used as a construction material for many applications. To have knowledge about the thermal degradation characteristic of wood could be crucial for indoor and outdoor applications. Chemical treatments could improve the resistance of wood against fire and heat. In this study, to investigate the thermal properties of Oriental beech (Fag...

Heat-treated of Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) woods were carried out by hot air in an oven for 1, 3, and 5 hours at 205, 220, and 235°C. After heat treatments, some surface properties such as color and gloss changes of both wood specimens were evaluated. Our results showed that heat treatment caused decre...

Heat treatment of Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis) wood was carried out by hot air in an oven for 2, 6, and 10 h at 125, 155, and 185°C. After heat treatment; decay resistance, oven dry density, modulus of rupture (MOR), compression strength parallel to grain (CSPG), and thermal characteristics of Oriental beech wood were investigated. Our results...

This study was performed to investigate some surface characteristics such as color, surface roughness and glossiness of heat treated Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.) wood specimens after natural weathering. Heat treatment of Oriental beech wood was carried out by hot air in an oven for 1, 4, and 8 h at 140, 170, and 200°C. Our results showed th...

zet Doğal kaynakların sınırlı olduğu günümüzde atık malzemelerin değerlendirilerek yeni ürünler olarak ekonomiye kazandırılması önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Muğla İli genelindeki orman ürünleri endüstrisi işletmelerinde ortaya çıkan odun atıklarını değerlendirilme yöntemleri araştırılmıştır. Bu kapsamda, 50 orman ürünleri işletmesine...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes caused by natural weathering on surface hardness and gloss of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.) wood specimens impregnated with three different chemicals and coated with two types varnish. In this study, tanalith-E (TN-E), adolit-KD 5 (AD-KD 5), and chr...

Wood polymer composites were prepared by styrene (ST) and different boron compounds impregnated sapwood of Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.) Boric acid (BA), borax (BX) and their mixture (1:1; w/w) aqueous solutions at 0.25, 1.00, and 4.70 % concentrations were prepared and then impregnated into wood prior to styrene treatment. The effects of bo...

In this study, pyrolysis of scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sawdust was carried out using a fixed-bed reactor at 500 °C pyrolysis temperature. The elemental analysis and heating value (HHV) of the bio-char were determined. And then the chemical analysis of the bio-char was investigated using spectroscopic techniques such as Fourier transform infra...

ZET Bu çalışmada, poliüretan esaslı Pu-Mon ve PuMa , polivinilasetat esaslı PVAc-MA22, PVAc-MA35 ve PVAc-MA50 ile yapıştırılmış Doğu kayını (Fagus orientalis L.) ve sarıçam (Pinus Sylvestris L.) odunlarının yapışma direnci, TS EN 205 esaslarına göre belirlenmiştir. Deney sonuçlarına göre, en yüksek yapışma direnci PuMa (16.01 N/mm 2) ve PVAc-MA35 (...

The aim of this study was to investigate effects of natural weathering on color stability of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.) impregnated with some chemicals [tanalith-E (TN-E), adolit-KD5 (AD-KD5), and chromated copper arsenate (CCA)] and then varnished [synthetic varnish (SV) and polyurethane varnish (PV)]...

The purpose of this study was to investigate some physical properties such as water absorption (WA), color, gloss, and surface hardness changes of Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.) wood impregnated with Turkish sweetgum balsam (TSB). Wood specimens were impregnated with 2, 4, and 6% (w/V) ethanole solutions of TSB according to ASTM D 1413-76 197...

This study was designed to investigate decay resistance, some mechanical properties such as modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of eleasticity (MOE), compressison strength parallel to grain (CSPG) and thermal characteristics of Oriental beech wood impregnated with Turkish Sweetgum Balsam (TSB). Wood specimens were impregnated with 2, 4, and 6 percent...

ÖZET Bu çalışmada, poliüretan esaslı Pu-Mon ve Pu-Ma, polivinilasetat esaslı PVAc-MA22, PVAc-MA35 ve PVAc-MA50 ile yapıştırılmış Doğu kayını (Fagus orientalis L.) ve sarıçam (Pinus Sylvestris L.) odunlarının yapışma direnci, TS EN 205 esaslarına göre belirlenmiştir. Deney sonuçlarına göre, en yüksek yapışma direnci Pu-Ma (16.01 N/mm2 ) ve PVAc-MA3...

Heat treatment of Oriental-beech (Fagus orientalis) wood was carried out by hot air in an oven for 2, 4, and 8 h at 140, 170, and 200°C. After heat treatment, some physical characteristics such as surface roughness, color, glossiness, and mass loss of Oriental-beech wood specimens were measured. Our results showed that heat treatment caused decrea...

The purpose of this study is to determine some mechanical properties such as modulus of rupture (MOR) and some physical properties such as glossiness, color, surface roughness, and water absorption (WA) of adolit-KD 5 (AD-KD 5) impregnated and then heat treated of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood specimens. Heat treatment of Scots pine (Pinus...

This study was conducted to determine combustion characteristics of Oriental beech impregnated with commonly used borates. Average mass loss and temperature values of Oriental beech wood were determined according to ASTM-E 160-50 (1975) after combustion test. Boric acid (BA) and borax (BX), and sodium perborate (SP) were used as borates. The combus...

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of heat treatment on bonding strength of the samples from four different species, namely Scotch pine, oriental beech, white oak and Uludag fir woods. The samples were exposed to three temperature levels of 120 °C, 150 °C and 180 °C for time periods of 2 and 6 h. Based on the findings in this w...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of weathering on adhesion strength of Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) samples treated with three concentrations of Tanalith-E. Treated samples were also coated with polyurethane, synthetic and water based varnishes prior to 500 hr accelerated weathering test. Adhesion strength between varnish...

Many properties of wood are affected by changes in moisture content below the fiber saturation point of wood. In this study, the dimensional stability of laminated veneer lumber (LVL), according to TSI EN 4084 and EN 4086, was evaluated. For this purpose Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.) LVL panels were used....

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of some impregnation parameters such as impregnation chemicals, impregnation durations, and impregnation methods on modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Wood specimens were prepared according to TS...

The aim of this study was to increase the resistance of fire retardant chemicals for leaching in order to improve the fire resistance of wood. For this purpose, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) wood impregnated with 3 % aqueous solutions of boric acid, zinc chloride and aluminum chloride at 60 °C by using vacuum...

Some surface characteristics of Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia Ten) pre-impregnated with borates before varnish coating were studied. Boric acid, borax, and sodium perborate were used as borates. An alkyd-based synthetic varnish and polyurethane varnish were used as coating materials. Before varnish coating, wood specimens were impregnated with aqueo...

This study was conducted to determine some of the combustion parameters of Calabrian pine and Oriental beech treated with borates. Average mass loss and temperature values of Calabrian pine and Oriental beech wood were determined according to ASTM E-69. Boric acid, borax, and sodium perborate were used as borates. Before the combustion test, wood s...

This study was performed to determine oven-dried density values and decay resistance of wood treated with aqueous solutions of boron compounds. Wood specimens were prepared from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and beech (Fagus orientalis L.). Ammonium tetrafluoroborate (AFB), sodium tetrafluoroborate (SFB), and ammonium pentaborate octahydrate (AP...

Th e aim of this study was to determine the eff ects of diff erent bleaching chemicals and their treatment time on glossiness, color stability, and surface roughness of wood. Spruce (Picea orientalis L.) and oak (Quercus sessilifl ora Salisb.) wood specimens were bleached with aqueous solutions of 25% hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2), 25% ammonia (NH 3)...

This study was designed to determine some mechanical properties such as modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of wood treated with some environmentally-friendly fire-retardant boron compounds. Sodium perborate (SP) boric acid, (BA), and borax (BX) were used as boron compounds. Wood specimens were prepared from Calabrian pine (Pin...

The study was conducted to investigate yields of mushroom ( Agaricus bisporus ) on wheat straw and waste tea leaves based composts. Mixtures (50:50, v/v) of some locally available peats including peat of Bolu (PB), peat of Agacbasi (PA), peat of Caykara (PC) and their mixture (80:20; v/v) with which piece of mosaic and sand were used. Also, some ac...

Th is study was carried out to determine compression strength parallel to grain of wood impregnated with some boron compounds. Sodium perborate (SP) boric acid, (BA), and borax (BX) were used as boron compounds. Wood specimens were prepared from Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) and beech (Fagus orientalis L.) wood. Before compression test paralle...

This study was performed to determine the effects of composts and casing materials on dry matter, protein, and carbohydrate contents of the fruit bodies of Agaricus bisporus . Results showed that dry matter of A. bisporus cultivated on peats was remarkably higher than cultivated on other casing materials No significant differences were found among...

Three compost formulas; wheat straw based and using different activator materials such as wheat brain, chicken manure, and pigeon manure were used for Agaricus bisporus cultivation. Locally available casing materials such as peat of Bolu, peat of Agacbasi, peat of Caykara, and their mixture (80:20; v:v) with perlite were used. Temperature degrees o...

This study was designed to determine pin head formation time of Agaricus bisporus on wheat straw and waste tea leaves based composts. Locally available peat materials such as peat of Bolu (PB), peat of Agacbasi (PA), peat of Caykara (PC), and their mixture (80:20; v:v) with piece of mosaic (PM), perlite (P), and sand (S) were used as secondary casi...

The objective of this study was to determine fire resistance of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menzieesi (Mirb.) Franco) specimens treated with borate supplemented aqueous solutions of brutia pine bark powder, acorn powder, sumach leaf powder, and gall-nut powder. Boric acid (BA) and borax (BX) were used as borates which are the most commonly used fire r...

This study was designed to determine the pin head formation time and yield values of Agaricus bisporus on some casing materials. Composts were prepared basically from wheat straw and waste tea leaves by using wheat chaff as activator substance. Temperatures of the compost formulas were measured during composting at various depths in order to determ...

This study was carried out to determine pin head formation time and mushroom yield of Agaricus bisporus on some casing materials. Composts were prepared basically from wheat straw and waste tea leaves using poplar leaves as activator material. In this study, moreover, in order to follow the evolution of the composting process, daily temperature mea...