Hildebert Wagner

Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich | LMU · Department of Pharmacy

Description of the drug: Stolons slender cylindrical, slightly curved, up to 2 m long, 1–3 mm in diameter, with yellow-white rootlets underneath. Erect stems bifurcated. Leaves densely growing on the stems, spirally arranged, crumpled and curved, linear or needle-shaped, 3–5 mm long, yellowish-green to pale yellowish-brown, glabrous, aristate at th...

Description of the drug: Occuring in masses formed by numerous rolled irregular slivers, or in long slat-shaped shavings, varying in width and thickness, greenish or yellowish-green. Texture light, loose, flexible and elastic. Odour, slight; taste, weak.

Description of the drug: Ovoid, elliptical or spherical, 4.5–8.5 cm long, 3.5–6 cm in diameter. Externally brown, yellowish-brown or greenish-brown, marked with dark-coloured patches and covered with yellow fine hairs, some exhibiting 6–11 longitudinal lines. Apex with a style scar, and base with a fruit stalk scar. Texture light, fragile, pericarp...

Description of the drug: Mostly crumpled and rolled, some broken, when whole, elliptical-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 2–5 cm long, 0.5–2 cm wide, pale green or greyish-green, apex obtuse and mucronate, base obtuse or cuneate, margin serrulate, usually recurved, glabrous on both surfaces, veins on lower surface prominent; petioles thin, about 4 m...

Description of the drug : 50–120 cm long. Rhizomes relatively large, with numerous rootlets. Stems cylindrical, frequently branched, 0.3–1.3 cm in diameter; externally dark green to dark brown, with distinct fine longitudinal striations, longitudinal lenticels scattered, nodes swollen; texture fragile, easily broken, fracture medullated or hollowed...

Description of the drug: Cylindrical or semicylindrical, 5–10 cm long, 0.5–5 cm in diameter. Externally yellowish-brown to greyish brown, with distinct wrinkles, longitudinal furrows and lateral root scars. Texture hard, uneasily broken, fracture greyish-brown to dark brown, the outer layer greyish-yellow or brownish-yellow, cambium ring brown, hav...

Descriptions of the drug: Frequently fusiform, some slightly curved, 2–3.5 cm long, 0.5–1 cm in diameter. Externally dark brown or blackish-brown, longitudinally wrinkled and with 6–10 slightly prominent annular nodes with brown fibrous roots and broken roots; or slightly smooth and exhibiting indistinct annular nodes on the ones of fibrous roots c...

Description of the drug : Slender cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, 15–70 cm, 0.4–1 cm in diameter. Externally grayish-yellow or pale brown, with slightly twisted and fine longitudinal wrinkles, transverse lenticel-like protrudings and sparse rootlet scars. Texture hard and fragile, easily broken, softened when moistened, fracture even, pal...

Description of the drug: Stems cylindrical, up to 1 m long, densely covered with yellow spreading pubescens; texture slightly fragile, fracture medullated in the centre. Leaves alternate, leaflets 1–3, rounded or oblong, 2–4 cm in diameter; retuse at the apex, cordate or obtusely rounded at the base, margin entire; the upper surface yellowish-green...

Description of the drug: Elliptical, oblong or irregular oblique slices, 0.3–1 cm thick. Cork greyish-brown, sometimes greyish-white patches visible and appearing reddish-brown when the cork exfoliated. Texture compact and hard. In the transversely cut surface, xylem reddish-brown or brown, showing numerous pores of vessels; phloem with resinous se...

Description of the drug: Interweaved silvery vascular bundles, mostly prolate cylindrical, somewhat curved, 30–70 cm long, 7–10 cm in diameter. Externally pale yellowish-white. Texture light, tenacious and springy, uneasily broken. 3 loculi visible, transverse section hollowed. Odour, slight; taste, weak.

Description of the drug: Interwined into a loose mass; grayish-green or grayish brown; 1 axial root; rootlets fine. Stem fine and curled; marked with longitudinal ridges. Leaves opposite (borne in pairs at each node), mostly in fragments, extremely shriveled, fall off easily; when intact, blades linear (long and narrow); with stupiles, 1–2 mm long,...

Description of the drugs: Liandanpi: Quilled or semiquilled, with longitudinal cut fissures, somewhat involute or opened. 5–20 cm long, 5–12 mm in diameter, 1–4 mm thick. Outer surface greyish-brown or yellowish-brown, showing numerous transverse lenticel-like prominences and rootlet scras, the exposed surface where cork fallen off appearing pink;...

Description of the drug: Ovoid, elliptical or reniform, 6–8.5 mm long, 3.5–5.5 mm in diameter. Externally blackish-purple or greyish-black, shrunken and uneven, with a fruit stalk scar or persistent calyx and a short fruit stalk at the base. Texture light. Epicarp thin, mesocarp relatively lax and soft, easily stripped off, endocarp woody, yellowis...

Description of the drugs: Root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis: Roots cylindrical, 25–100 cm long, 0.6–3.5 cm in diameter. The outer bark loose or tight. Externally reddish-brown or grayish-brown, obviously longitudinally wrinkled, furrowed, lenticel-like protruded and with sparse rootlet scars. Texture compact, structure slightly fibrous, yellowish-white...

Description of the drug: Cylindrical or slightly fusiform, gradually becoming tapering downwards, some branched, slightly twisted, 7–20 cm long, 0.7–2 cm in diameter. Externally white or pale yellowish-white, or yellowish brown to greyish-brown when unpeeled; longitudinally twisted-furrowed, with transverse lenticel-like scars and branch root scars...

Description of the drug: Capitulum hemispherical, 4–5 mm in diameter. Bracts densely arranged in numerous layers at the base, pale yellowish-green, lustrous, densely pubescent at the upper margin. The top of the capitulum greyish-white. After rubbing, numerous black anthers and fine yellowish-green unripe fruits visible. Peduncles slender, varying...

Description of the drug: Frequently twisted into masses, glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Stems twisted, externally brown or dark brownish-red, striated longitudinally, stem nodes of the lower part sometimes with rootlets, fracture solid. Leaves opposite, mostly crumpled, when whole, broadly ovate or cordate, 1–4 cm long, 1–5 cm wide, base slightly...

Description of the drug: Long conical or long cylindrical, gradually tapering towards the lower part, some slightly tortuous, 15–30 cm long, 0.5–2 cm in diameter. Externally greyish-brown, rugged, with longitudinal wrinkles, numerous transverse-elongated lenticel-like protrudings and dotted raised rootlet scars. Root stock with obvious dense annula...

Description of the drug: Irregular cylindrical, conical or fusiform, slightly twisted, the lower part frequently branched, 3–15 cm long, 1–2 cm in diameter. Externally blackish-brown or greyish-yellow, frequently with stem scars and fibrous remains of pericladia at the root stock, with numerous fine annular striations at the upper end, and longitud...

Description of the drugs: Folium Crataegi: Mostly broken, when whole, broadly ovate, 6–12 cm long, 5–8 cm wide. Green to brownish-yellow, apex acuminate, base broadly cuneate, 2–6 pinnate-lobed margin acutely biserrate; petiole 2–6 cm long, stipule ovate to ovate-lanceolate. Odour, slight; taste, astringent, slightly bitter. Fructus Crataegi: Round...

Volume III of this manual provides an overview of the analytical investigation of 23 additional Chinese Herbal Drugs, which are most commonly used in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Together with Volumes I and II this current volume represents the most comprehensive overview to analytical studies of those herbal drugs. The quality proof of the invest...

Description of the drug: Compressed-cylindrical, somewhat curved, varying in length, 0.5–2 cm in diameter. Externally greyish-yellow or dark grey, with longitudinal wrinkles and transverse cracks, some bark transversely broken and wood exposed. Texture tough, fracture bark thick, purple or yellowish-brown or yellowish-white, 1–5 mm in diameter. Odo...

Description of the fresh drug: The plant G. pentaphyllum consists of slender stems of thin, soft leaves arranged like fingers on a hand, bearing 3–9 (mainly 5–7) leaves. The leaflets are long and pliable, broadest below the middle and tapering to a point like a lance.

From the bark of Rhamnus frangula L. by polyamide chromatography a new anthrachinone-glycoside was isolated and structurally elucidated as 6-O-(ᴅ-Apiofuranosyl)-1,6,8-trihydroxy-3-methyl-anthrachinone.

The chemical examination of Pterocarpus marsupium root afforded pterosupin, a new C-glucosyl-β-hydroxydihydrochalcone along with pseudobaptigenin, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin, garbanzol, 5-deoxy-kaempferol and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde.

Five cerebrosides B-1−B-4 were isolated from the fraction B, obtained from the latex of Euphorbia characias L. On the basis of spectral evidences and chemical reactions they were characterized as (2S, 3S, 4R, 8Z)-1-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-2N-[(2'R)-2'-hydroxytetracosenoyl]-8 (Z)-octadecene-1,3,4-triol-2-amino (B-1), (2S, 3S, 4R, 8Z)-1-O-(β-D-glucopy...

From the marine brown macroalga Fucus virsoides J. AG. (Fucales, Phaeophyceae), a mixture of triacylglycerols 1-3, fucosterol 4, a mixture of galactosyldiacylglycerols 5-8 and fucoxanthin 9 have been isolated. Normal phase column flash chromatography was effective for the isolation of the marine compounds. FAB-MS. CI-MS spectrometry, 1H NMR, 13C NM...

Angelica silvestris L. gehört zu den verbreitetsten Umbelliferen Mitteleuropas. Die Wurzel (Wald-Engelwurz) wird in der Volksmedizin wegen ihrer spasmolytischen und karminativen Wirkung gegen Erkrankungen des Magens und der Niere verwendet. Die gepulverten Früchte benutzte man als Insekticidum. Mit den Inhaltsstoffen von Radix Angelicae silvestris...

Die hypothetische Zwischenverbindung, die bei der Phosphatidylcholin (PC)-Spaltung durch Phospholipase A (E.C. 3.1.1.4.) aus Crotalus terr. terr. und durch Crotalus adamant.-Schlangen-Gift in wäßrigem System entsteht, entfaltet gegenüber Rindererythrocyten im Gegensatz zu freiem Lysophosphatidylcholin (LPC) nur eine sehr geringe Hämolyseaktivität....

Gereinigtes Soja-Lecithin wird in einer wäßrigen 0,1-m. Glycinlösung von Phospholipase A (EC. 3.1.1.4) aus Crotalus terr. terr., von Crotalus adamanteus-Gift und der Pankreasphospholipase A zu 40 — 70% zu Lysolecithin abgebaut. Die Deacylierungsreaktion ist bereits nach zwei bis fünf Min. beendet. Durch Zugabe von EDTA zum Reaktionssystem läßt sich...

By coupling emodine with α-acetobromo-L-rhamnose according to Koenigs-Knorr frangulin A was synthesized and thereby its final structure proved as 1,6,8-trihydroxy-3-methyl-anthra-chinone-6-O-α-ʟ-rhamnopyranoside.

For a flavone-di-glycoside from a garden variety of Viola tricolor L. the structure 5,7,4′-Trihydroxyflavone-6-C-β-ᴅ-glucopyranosyl-8-C-α-ʟ-rhamnopyranoside was elucidated using mainly perjodate oxidation, NMR- and mass-spectroscopy. From the same plant besides the mono-C-glucosides Vitexin, Saponaretin, Orientin and Isoorientin four Apigenin-di-C-...

The synthesis of hydroxy-xanthone-3-O-β-glycosides by condensation of the appropriate aglycone and the acetyl-α-D-glycosyl bromide in pyridine solution in presence of silver carbonate is described. The naturally occurring l-hydroxy-3-O-β-primeverosyl-7-methoxy xanthone (gentioside) has been synthesized and its structure thereby confirmed.

Germinating soybeans, when incubated for 20-30 hours under an illumination at 25°-30° temp, with labeled ³² P-phosphate, ¹⁴ C-acetate, ¹⁴ C-glycerol and ¹⁴ C-choline, radioactivity ranging from 2 to 14% is incorporated into the main phosphatides lecithin (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and monophosphoinositide (MPI). The incorporation of ³² P-p...

The trisaccharide, 3,4-di-O-(a-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-D-galactose was synthesized using benzyl 2,6-di-O-benzyl-β-D-galactopyranoside as starting compound. Its acetobromo derivative was coupled with 4′,7-di-O-benzyl-kaempferol. The structure of the synthetic kaempferol trioside was characterised by different spectroscopic methods (UV, IR

Four new cerebrosides C-1 – C-4 were isolated from the latex of Euphorbia characias L. On the basis of spectral evidences and chemical reactions they were characterized as (2S, 3S, 4R, 5R, 6Z)-1-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-2N-[(2'R)-2′-hydroxy-(15′Z)-tetracosenoyl]-6(Z)-octadecene-1,3,4,5-tetraol-2-amino (C-1), (2 S, 3 S, 4 R, 5 R, 6 Z)-1-O-(β-D-glucopy...

Two isomeric flavonolignans (Silymarins) have been isolated from the fruits of Silybum marianum L. Gaertn. and structurally elucidated mainly by means of NMR/mass spectroscopy and X-ray analysis respectively.

The incorporation of ¹⁴C- (fatty acid-) /³²P-phosphatidylcholine containing high amounts of linoleic acid into rat liver and bile was studied. After injection into the intestine, 3.5% of the lipid was incorporated into the liver and 0.2% into the bile. Upon the injection into the portal vein, the corresponding values were 20% and 1 percent. The res...

The X-ray Structure of Silybin from Silybum marianum Gaertn. was determined. The com­pound was found to be a diastereomeric mixture (1:1) in the benzodioxane part of the molecule explaining several tentative aspects about the structure known from NMR-measurements and HPLC-separations.

Laurencia obtusa, Red Algae, Rhodomelaceae, Acetylenic Ether Epoxy-trans-isodihydrorhodophytin, a new halogenated acetylenic bicyclic ether, has been isolated from a Laurencia obtusa variety, collected in the Marmara sea. Its structure was determined by spectroscopic methods and X-ray diffraction analysis.

From the seeds of Swietenia mahagoni two limonoids have been isolated and identified as swietenine and the hitherto not described methyl-2,3,6-trihydroxy-melia-C-8(30)-enate-3-tiglate (2-hydroxy-swietenine) by spectroscopic methods.

Eleven biflavones have been isolated from the leaves of Araucaria rulei and identified by NMR spectroscopy and via the permethylated and peracetylated products. The biflavones found until now in the Araucaria genus are summarized in a table. © 1977, Verlag der Zeitschrift für Naturforschung. All rights reserved.

Es wird gezeigt, daß die Hydrolyse des Lecithins mit Phospholipase A (EC. 3.1.1.4.) nur reversibel ist, wenn in der β-Stellung des Substrates ungesättigte Fettsäuren enthalten sind. Die Zusammensetzung der vom Lecithin abgespaltenen Fettsäuren hat zudem einen quantitativen Einfluß auf die Reacylierung des Lysolecithins. Bei der Rückreaktion werden...

Two polybrominated C 15 -acetogenins (1,2) isolated from a Mediterranean sponge previously and a new polybrominated bicyclic ether with a bromoallenic side chain (3) were isolated from Laurencia paniculata and Laurencia obtusa respectively. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods.

Durch Umsetzung eines Gemisches von Frangulin A und B bzw. reinem 1.6.8-Trihydroxy-3methyl-anthrachinon-6-O-α-ʟ-rhamnosid (Frangulin A) mit α-Acetobromglucopyranose nach einer modifizierten Koenigs-Knorr- Methode wurde Glucofrangulin A erhalten und über das Acetat identifiziert. Das synthetische Glucofrangulin-A-Acetat ist in jeder Hinsicht mit dem...

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a key regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism. Agonists of this nuclear receptor are used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and are also studied as a potential treatment of other metabolic diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Silymarin, a concentrated phenolic mixture...

The preceding 12 chapters of this book address basic research on TCM drugs and their applicability. They feature chemical analysis, botanical authentication, and identification of the chemical constituents, pharmacological evaluation, and modern molecular–biological investigations of particular TCM drugs. Only one chapter provides an overview of th...

Various processed products from Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) berries, seeds, and leaves are used in China and other countries as functional food, dietary supplements, and medicines. Growing interest to this plant is mainly due to a high nutritional value of berries and potential health effects of leaves and bark. This monograph provides...

After the successful introduction of acupuncture to the West, recent advances in analytical methods in chemistry, molecular biology and systems biology especially the development of the omic technologies have again brought Chinese drugs into the focus of research on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). With more than 1000 publications on the chemist...