
Higinio González-GarcíaUniversidad Internacional de La Rioja | UNIR · Department of Education
Higinio González-García
Ph.D
Associate Professor at Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR)
About
108
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204
Citations
Citations since 2017
Introduction
Higinio González-García is a Sports Science and Education Professor. Particularly, he is Bachelor in Sports Science and Bachelor in Psychopedagogy. Besides, he has a Master's Degree Studies in Sports Performance and Health; and a Master in Human Resources. His main research lines are the relationship between parental education and sports performance, the psychological characteristics related to performance in table tennis, the experience of emotions in sport and Coach's leadership in sport.
Additional affiliations
Education
October 2013 - October 2017
October 2013 - June 2014
October 2012 - June 2025
Publications
Publications (108)
Abstract
The aims of this study were to examine: (a) whether coach leadership behaviours predict athletes’ use of coping and (b) whether coping predicts athletes’ emotional outcomes in competition. A sample of 180 table tennis players (Mage = 33.87; SD = 16.64; 149 men and 31 women) voluntarily participated in the study. A partial least square path...
Objectives
This study aimed to identify dispositional anger profiles in table-tennis players and examine whether participants from distinct profiles significantly differed on athlete burnout symptoms and coping.
Design
A quantitative cross-sectional design was used in the present study.
Method
A sample of 244 table tennis players (Mage = 31.29; S...
We examined whether coach leadership behaviours predicted the intensity and direction of positive and negative affects experiencing during competition controlling for affects experienced within two hours before competition. A total of 296 athletes (33% female and 67% male; Mage = 21.61; SD = 6.32) voluntarily participated in the study. A partial le...
The study aimed to identify coach behavior profiles and explore whether athletes from distinct profiles significantly differed on coping and affects experienced within 2 hr before the competition and during the competition (measuring them 2 hr after the competition). A sample of 306 French athletes (M age = 22.24; SD = 4.91; 194 men and 112 women)...
The study is aimed to explore the relationship between coach-athlete relationship, precompetitive coping and affective states,satisfaction and attainment of achievement goals. A sample of567 French athletes (Mage= 22.10;SD= 5.66; 377 men and 190women) involved in 75 training groups participated in the studyand completed a series of self-report meas...
The purpose of the present study was to determine the perception of schoolchildren whether their academic performance improved or worsened during the pandemic, analyzing their social anxiety, gender, use of masks in the classroom, and school year. The total sample was 107 primary school students (25 in the fourth, 40 in the fifth and 42 in the sixt...
Este estudio transversal tuvo como objetivo identificar los perfiles de adicción a las redes sociales y si existe relación con las necesidades psicológicas básicas, el autoconcepto y la intención de ser físicamente activo. Participaron 276 estudiantes (115 hombres y 161 mujeres, Medad= 28,47; DT= 8,65) de 10 universidades españolas en un muestreo i...
The objective of this work was to know the benefits that volunteering brings to secondary education and the improvements that it can produce in soft skills. A narrative review of the scientific literature has been carried out, extracting articles in following databases: Dialnet, Scopus, Google Scholar, Researchgate and Microsoft Academic. The resul...
The aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the motivation scale towards health-oriented physical activity (EMAPS) in the Spanish Population. A sample of 808 participants (Mage = 33.90; SD = 12.91; 366 men and 440 women), participated to ensure the structural, methodological, and external correlates of EMAPS scale val...
The study aimed to identify precompetitive anxiety profiles and analyze the impact of those profiles in their reasons to adhere to running. A sample of 473 Spanish Amateur Athletes participated in the study. Results revealed the emergence of three profiles: (a) a high precompetitive anxiety profile characterized by high cognitive and somatic anxiet...
Este estudio pretende conocer la relación entre los estados de ánimo en una prueba con y sin mascarilla; y, por otro lado, comprobar si existe relación entre la frustración de necesidades psicológicas básicas y la realización de un test con y sin mascarilla en jugadores de tenis de mesa. Han participado 5 jugadores veteranos, de entre 12 y 16 años....
Los estudios que relacionan el rendimiento académico y la actividad física están en auge, aunque la mayoría de ellos no abarcan la dimensión discapacidad intelectual. El objetivo de esta revisión es conocer qué suscita la literatura con relación al Síndrome de Down, la actividad física y el rendimiento académico. Se efectuó una revisión narrativa c...
The main goal of the present study was to examine whether basic psychological needs predicted emotional regulation; if emotional regulation predicted burnout in athletes
The goal of this research was to know whether there are differences in parental educational styles depending on gender in athletes and parents, the level of sports success (local successes, national successes and international successes) and the competition level (local competition, national competition and international competition). The sample wa...
Motivation, teaching satisfaction, loneliness and affects are significant variables concerning the quality of teaching performance. Nevertheless, the presence of the homebased teaching during COVID- 19 could have influenced these variables. As such, the goals of this research were to examine whether there are sex differences in teacher’s motivation...
Resumen. El estudio del liderazgo ha evolucionado desde modelos basados en las características de la personalidad y conducta del líder, hasta modelos centrados en aspectos relacionados con la trasformación de las personas y las organizaciones. Uno de estos últimos modelos es el liderazgo transformacional, que ha demostrado ser capaz de lograr nivel...
This cross-sectional study aimed to identify social networks addiction profiles and whether there is a relationship with basic psychological needs, self-concept and intention to be physically active. The participants were 276 Spanish University Students (115 men and 161 women, Mage= 28.47; SD= 8.65) from 10 different universities through incidental...
Los Eurojuegos son una herramienta que puede emplearse estratégicamente dentro de las aulas de educación secundaria y cuyas bondades pasan desapercibidas para muchos docentes. El objetivo general del presente trabajo fue conocer la influencia de los Eurojuegos en las dimensiones: aprendizaje significativo, desarrollo cognitivo, relaciones sociales,...
We examined whether a perceived coach's leadership predicted group cohesion and whether group cohesion predicted intensity and direction of positive affect and negative affect experienced during competition, sport satisfaction and goal attainment following the completion of a sports competition. A sample of 296 competitive athletes (Mage = 21.61; s...
The study aimed to examine the differences in anger and hardiness levels in student athletes and if there were a linear relationship between anger and the number of hours studying. A sample of 496 Spanish Athletes (Mage = 27.77; SD = 9.15; 343 men and 153 women) participated in the study. First, to examine the differences in anger and hardiness bet...
INTRODUCTION:
Obesity, sarcopenia and osteoporosis are the major clinical problem in older women and men. osteosarcopenic obesity represents a disease of high mortality and morbidity. That syndrome describes the simultaneous deterioration of bone, muscle and excess fat, resulting in reduced functionality and systemic metabolic, for that reason, an...
Resumen: Actualmente se encuentran en auge los estudios que relacionan el Trastorno del Espectro Autista con la actividad física, siendo el deporte sinónimo de mejora en la calidad de vida de las personas. Sin embargo, todas las investigaciones que unifican el Trastorno del Espectro Autista y deporte quedan asociadas a prácticas individuales, como...
RESUMEN: El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer los beneficios que el pensamiento computacional aporta a la educación y las propuestas de aplicación del mismo en Educación Secundaria tanto en las distintas regiones españolas como en otros países europeos. Para ello se ha realizado una revisión narrativa de la literatura científica, extrayéndose ar...
Abstract
Introduction: Obesity is a worldwide disease that is being suffered by more than 13% of the population all around the world. This increases the interest to discover new insights in the weight loss interventions, subsequently, strength is a crucial part of those interventions.
Objective: The goal of this research was to compare the differen...
INTRODUCTION:
The goals of this study were: to analyse the relationship among walking time, sitting time, weight loss and strength after a bariatric surgery. The patients were 11 (Mage = 36,18; SD = 9,51; 4 men and 7 women).
METHODS:
The patients that were intervened of Intragastric balloon were (n=8) and endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty were (n=3)....
INTRODUCTION:
The aims of this research were: to analyse the relationship among age, weight, isometric strength and body mass index after bariatric surgery; and to know if there were differences among age, sitting time, physical activity intensity, time spent in exercising and walking time.
METHODS:
The sample was made up of 21 patients (Mage = 36,...
The perception of locus of control, anger and hardiness are variables that have shown an important relationship with sport performance and other variables related with athlete’s wellbeing. Therefore, the aims of the study were to identify locus of control profiles in athletes and examine whether participants from distinct profiles significantly dif...
Objective
To carry out a systematic review to update the scientific evidence on the incidence and prevalence of injuries in the swimming discipline, as well as the location, type and mechanism of the injuries, and to assess whether studies are meeting methodological recommendations for data collection and injury surveillance.
Literature Survey
The...
INTRODUCTION:
Obesity is a chronic multifactorial disease which is rising rapidly worldwide. On the other hand, handgrip strength has been shown to predict functional decline as well as all-cause of cardiovascular disease mortality. Regarding that prediction, a broader use of grip strength is convenient as a measure tool, owe to its predictive reli...
INTRODUCTION: Obesity is increasing all over the world owe to the habits change of society. On the other hand, physical activity is one of the most valuable factors to reduce weight and, also, one of the strongest ways to improve the treatments of post bariatric surgery.
OBJECTIVE: The goal of this research is to propose an intervention based on HI...
INTRODUCTION:
high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is considered as an attractive time-efficient option for achieving exercise-related health benefits. There is a robust and growing evidence that HIIT may elicit superior benefits than moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) across a range of health markers in both healthy and chronic illne...
Resumen
El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación fue conocer cuál es la conducta parental en el estilo educativo democrático que se relaciona con el rendimiento y éxito deportivo adulto en los hijos. La muestra se com-puso de 502 deportistas y practicantes de actividad física españoles. Se utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico ad hoc, el Tes...
Resumen. Este estudio tiene como objetivos: i) conocer cómo influye el efecto de marcar primero en el resultado final del partido; ii) comparar el efecto de marcar primero, los goles totales, el periodo de marcar en el partido y el minuto de marcar el primer gol (ganador y perdedor), en las finales de ambas competiciones; y iii) analizar la evoluci...
RESUMEN: Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: Comprobar si existían diferencias en los motivos de inicio y mantenimiento en el deporte entre los deportistas con éxitos internacionales y sin éxitos internacionales; conocer qué motivo de inicio y de mantenimiento en el deporte se relaciona con tener éxitos a nivel internacional. La muestra estuvo fo...
The aims of the study were to identify naturally occurring competitive emotional profiles and examine whether participants from several profiles significantly differed on burnout and coping. A sample of 424 competitive athletes (Mage = 32.38; SD = 13.16) completed a series of self-report questionnaires. Comparing the sample as a whole, cluster anal...
The objectives of this research work were: To study the prosocial behaviours of participants who are sport followers and non-followers and those affiliated in a supporter´s club and non-affiliated; and compare if prosocial behaviours differ between sports practitioners and those who do not practice. The sample consisted of 1663 school children with...
Hardy personality plays a key role in sport due to the positive outcomes that has shown in sport performance. Consequently, it is salient to know which parental educational style is more related to positive characteristics of personality such as hardiness. Therefore , the objective of this research was to study the differences in perceived parental...
ResumenEl objetivo de este trabajo de investigación fue conocer las diferencias en los niveles de ira en los deportistas y practicantes de actividad física que presentan padres y madres con altos y bajos niveles de autoritarismo. La muestra se compuso de 502 deportistas y practicantes de actividad física españoles, con una edad comprendida entre...
The goal of this research was to review the experimental studies that have analyzed the influence of "high-speed swimsuits" on sports performance up to the appearance of the model "Jammer" in competitive swimmers. The design was a review following PRISMA Methodology, in which 43 studies were reviewed of a total of 512. Several searches were conduct...
The aim of this research was to analyse burnout (estimated by emotional and physical exhaustion) and coping (as estimated by the need to seek support) in relation to the number of sport-practice-hours undertaken by table tennis players of various levels of success. A sample of 180 Spanish table tennis players (mean age = 33.87 years; SD = 16.64; 14...
Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer las diferencias en las variables de personalidad resistente en deportistas y practicantes de actividad física en función del orden de nacimiento. La muestra fue 492 deportistas y practicantes de actividad física españoles. Se utilizó la Escala de Personalidad Resistente en Maratonianos (EPRM) y la Esc...
Introduction
Anger is a variable that can have an important influence on sport performance and many other related variables. Therefore, its relationship with competition level, sport and professional athletes, is has become an interesting field in scientific research.
Objectives
1) To verify the relationship between anger and the level of sport co...
In football, the number of goals scored or conceded is what results in a victory or not. The objectives of this work were: to know the differences of the conceded goals based on the minute and match part of the main European leagues: Spanish, English, French, German
and Italian; and check in which part of the match are the most influential goals co...
The aims of the study were to identify coach profiles and examine whether participants from distinct profiles significantly differed on burnout, emotions, and coping or not. A sample of 268 athletes (M age = 29.34; SD = 12.37) completed a series of self-reported questionnaires. Cluster analyses revealed two coach leadership profiles: (a) profile 1...
Resumen.
El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación fue conocer las diferencias en los estilos educativos parentales percibidos en: jóvenes practicantes de actividad física y no practicantes, jóvenes federados y no federados, competidores y no competidores. La muestra fue de 1800 alumnos escolarizados. Se administró un Cuestionario Sociodemográfi...
The objectives were: i) to know how the effect of scoring first affects the match result; ii) to compare the effect of scoring first, the total goals, the match scoring period and the minute of scoring the first goal (winner and loser), in the eliminatory and in the finals of both competitions (World Cup and UEFA Euro); and iii) to analyse the evol...
La ira es una variable que ha mostrado una fuerte influencia en el rendimiento deportivo y en variables relacionadas con el rendimiento como: estrategias de afrontamiento, nivel de activación, control técnico, etc (Elferink-Gemser, 2013; Menéndez-Santurio y Fernández-Río, 2015).
Por otro lado, en el apartado de diferencias de género en el ámbito de...
El objetivo de este estudio es conocer si existen diferencias de género en la personalidad resistente en deportistas y comprobar si existen diferencias de género en la personalidad resistente en deportistas en función del nivel de competición deportiva.
La ira en el tenis de mesa puede mostrarse como un factor susceptible de influir de manera negativa en el rendimiento deportivo (Martinent y Ferrand, 2009), en caso de que el jugador
de tenis de mesa no posea control emocional sobre este exceso de energía (Martinent et al., 2011). Las características del tenis de mesa lo convierten en un deporte ex...
La ira es una emoción que ha mostrado un importante papel en el rendimiento de los deportistas durante la competición (Davis et al., 2010; Hanin, 2007; Martinent & Ferrand, 2009;
Robazza & Bortoli, 2007; Ruiz & Yuri, 2011). De este modo, diferentes trabajos han mostrado que esta emoción puede presentar un carácter facilitador del rendimiento o depr...
Resumen
El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer cuáles son las diferencias en los estilos educativos de los padres en practicantes de actividad física y deportistas que per-ciben apoyo hacia la actividad física y el deporte. La muestra estuvo formada por 374 deportistas y practi-cantes de actividad física. Se administró un Cuestionario Sociodemográ...
The aim of this study is to determine if parental education styles influence on parents support in sport of athletes. The sample consisted of 374 athletes and physical practitioners. In order to measure the different variables were used, an ad hoc Sociodemographic questionnaire, the Oviedo Scale of Infrequency Response (INF-OV) and the Self- Assess...
Resumen. Los equipos de fútbol que se adelantan en el marcador tienen una mayor posibilidad de ganar el partido. Además, el fútbol es un deporte en el que se maneja un bajo número de goles. Por ello, los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: i) determinar la influencia del efecto de marcar primero, y la localización del encuentro en el resultado final...
The aim of this study is to determine if there are differences in anger levels depending on sport performance in table tennis players. The sample consisted of 93 Spanish table tennis players, 20 players were professionals (21.50%) and 73 were amateur (78.49%). An ad hoc Sociodemographic Questionnaire and the Trait-State Anger Expression Inventory (...
RESUMEN
El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación fue conocer si existían diferencias en el rendimiento deportivo y en las horas de entrenamiento deportivo en los deportistas criados en familias monoparentales. La muestra se compuso de 445 deportistas y practicantes de actividad física españoles. Se utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico ad...
RESUMEN El objetivo fue conocer cuáles son las diferencias en los estilos educativos de los padres percibidos en deportistas en función del motivo de inicio y mantenimiento en el deporte estar con los amigos. La muestra se compuso de 38 deportistas con éxitos internacionales. Se administró un Cuestionario Sociodemográfico ad hoc, el Test Autoevalua...
El objetivo principal fue conocer las diferencias en los niveles de ira en deportistas y practicantes de actividad física en función del apoyo familiar. La muestra se compuso de 496 deportistas y practicantes de actividad física españoles. Se utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico ad hoc, el Inventario de Expresión de Ira Estado-Rasgo (STAXI-II)...
Resumen
Los objetivos fueron: conocer las diferencias de los registros goleadores en función del periodo y tiempo del partido de las principales ligas europeas, y comprobar en qué momento del partido se producen los goles con mayor influencia en la clasificación final. La muestra se compuso de datos de 98 equipos de fútbol de primera división de l...
The objectives of this research were to check the differences in the level of sport competition depending on parental education styles, and to know what the differences are in parental education styles in terms of sport success. In order to measure the different variables an ad hoc socio-demographic questionnaire, the Multifactor Self-Assessment Te...
El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer las diferencias en los estilos educativos parentales
percibidos en deportistas y practicantes de actividad física en función del orden de
nacimiento. La muestra se compuso de 492 deportistas y practicantes de actividad física
españoles. Se utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico ad hoc, el Test Autoevaluativ...
The influence of peer support is an important factor in the practice of sports physical activity. On the other hand, there are no previous studies examining the influence of peer support on the resistant personality. Aim: The aim of this research was to know the differences in hardy personality in athletes and physical activity practitioners in fun...
The objectives were: (a) To know the differences in anger in athletes and physical activity practitioners raised in large and non-numerous families; (b) Check the differences in anger in athletes raised in large families and not numerous; (c) Know the differences in anger in athletes raised in large families and not numerous with national successes...
La ira es una variable que ha mostrado diferencias entre distintas modalidades deportivas y la edad se ha mostrado como un factor que influye en mayores niveles de ira en deportistas (Christoforidis, Kalivas, Matsouka, Bebetsos, y Kambas, 2010). Por ello, los objetivos fueron conocer cuáles son las diferencias en los niveles de ira en función del t...
Objetivo. Conocer las diferencias en los estilos educativos parentales percibidos por deportistas consumidores de tabaco y cánnabis. Método. La muestra fue de 502 deportistas españoles con una edad media de 27.76 (DE = 9.11). Para analizar los estilos educativos parentales se aplicó el Test Autoevaluativo Multifactorial de Adaptación Infantil (TAMA...
El estudio de los motivos de inicio y mantenimiento en el deporte constituye un pilar fundamental para poder comprender las diferencias entre los practicantes de los diferentes tipos de actividades físico-deportivas (Inge, Kvale, & Shalfawi, 2017). El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer las diferencias en los motivos de inicio y mantenimiento en la...
Abstract The aim of this research was to know the differences in anger levels in athletes and physical practitioners in function of peer's support. The sample consisted of 487 Spanish athletes and physical activity practitioners. An ad hoc sociodemographic questionnaire, the Trait-State Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI-II) and the Oviedo Scale of...
Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer las diferencias en las horas de actividad física y deporte semanales en deportistas y practicantes de actividad física en función del apoyo familiar y apoyo del grupo de iguales. La muestra se compuso de 487 deportistas y practicantes de actividad física españoles. Se utilizó un cuestionario sociodemo...
The goal is to identify the differences in trait anger among athletes and people who practice sports in
general who considered their body structure and physical characteristics had an influence on their athletic
performance. The sample consisted of 366 athletes and people who practice sports in general with an age
range from 18 to 64 years old (M =...
Resumen. Los objetivos de este trabajo son: 1) Conocer si existen diferencias entre los motivos asociados a la edad y al género y 2) Comprobar si existen diferencias en los motivos en función de los niveles de ira estado-rasgo. Se elaboró un cuestionario ad hoc y se aplicó el Inventario de Expresión de Ira Estado-Rasgo (STAXI-II) a 1188 niños españ...
Los objetivos de este trabajo son: 1) Conocer si existen diferencias entre los motivos asociados a la edad y al género y 2) Comprobar si existen diferencias en los motivos en función de los niveles de ira estado-rasgo. Se elaboró un cuestionario ad hoc y se aplicó el Inventario de Expresión de Ira Estado-Rasgo (STAXI-II) a 1188 niños españoles afic...
RESUMEN El objetivo de este trabajo fue comprobar cuáles son las diferencias en los estilos educativos de los padres en función de la satisfacción con las expectativas deportivas de los deportistas y practicantes de actividad física. Se utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico ad hoc, la Escala de Oviedo de Infrecuencia de Respuesta (INF-OV) y el T...
Introduction. Physical activity reduces levels of anger,
tobacco consumption and withdrawal symptoms in
people who are quitting smoking. Objectives. The
objectives of this research were, to check the relationship
between anger and tobacco consumption in athletes, to
know whether there are differences in the levels of anger
depending on the number o...
The objectives of this research were to know what are the differences in
hardiness levels depending on sport type (racket or endurance) and find out what
are the differences in anger levels depending on sport type (racket or endurance).
The total sample consisted of 121 athletes, 58 of whom practice endurance
sports and 63 racket sports. In this re...
Parental support for physical activity has shown a huge influence on sport practice. Thus, higher levels of support are related to greater physical activity practice. In addition, parental education has been linked to psychosocial development in all areas of life. There are many variables that influence in anger levels and it can be divided into pe...
Parental educational styles have been related to physical activity and sport. In addition, studies have shown the relationship of democratic parents with life satisfaction in general and the satisfaction with educational career. In this case, there are no studies that examined the relationship between parental educational styles and satisfaction wi...
Parental educational styles and parents support have been related to higher levels of physical activity. There are no previous studies that examined the relationship between parental educational styles and support for sport. On the other hand, in the field of health it has been demonstrated that permissive and democratic mothers were associated wit...
The aims of this study were to verify the relationship between locus of control and athletic performance, and understand the relationship between locus of control and anger variables. The research sample consisted of 58 federated table tennis players from all Spanish geographic areas. Participants completed a sociodemographic questionnaire ad hoc,...
The objective of the study was to find out if there are differences in the psychological abilities related to sport performance, according to the level of sport practice (professional vs amateurs, international successes vs no international successes) in table tennis players. The sample consisted of 133 table tennis players from around Spain. In or...
The objective of this research was to find out if there is a difference in the competitive motivation of table tennis athletes depending on the age category (senior and veterans, and young table tennis players from 8 to 22 years old). The sample consisted of 133 table tennis players from around Spain. In order to measure the psychological abilities...
The objective of this research was to find out if there is a difference in the mental ability of table tennis athletes depending on the age category (senior and veterans, and young table tennis players from 8 to 22 years old). The sample consisted of 133 table tennis players from around Spain. In order to measure the psychological abilities of tabl...
El camino hacia el éxito deportivo se encuentra dificultado por un enorme número de variables que inciden en el rendimiento en el deporte. Las variables que inciden en el rendimiento deportivo pueden dividirse en dos: variables ambientales y variables personales. En este trabajo de tesis doctoral se midió la variable ambiental “estilos educativos p...
Justificación: La ira es una variable que puede influir en el rendimiento deportivo de forma negativa, en el caso de que este exceso de energía no se encuentre bajo el control del deportista. Por otro lado, la personalidad resistente es una variable psicológica que protege del estrés a los deportistas que poseen mayores niveles de este constructo d...
Justificación: Alcanzar el alto rendimiento es el objetivo de muchos deportistas. A su vez, la ira ha mostrado relación con el rendimiento deportivo y variables relacionadas. Por lo tanto, se muestra como un factor importante de cara a influir en la carrera de los deportistas. Objetivos: Los objetivos fueron, conocer cuáles son las diferencias en l...
Justificación: La personalidad resistente ha mostrado una relación con el rendimiento deportivo. Además, hay estudios que han demostrado mayores niveles de personalidad resistente en los deportistas de resistencia que en población general. Por lo tanto, es interesante conocer las diferencias en personalidad resistente en función del tipo de deporte...
The present review aims to know the different variables that influence aggression in athletes and the methods and tools used for evaluation. Original articles published in the databases of Pub-Med, Scopus, PsycINFO, Web of Knowledge and the network Research Gate were reviewed. After the search, 70 research papers that talked about the issue of aggr...