Hideyuki Kanematsu

• Ph.D (Nagoya Unviersity)
• Professor at National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Suzuka College

This chapter presents general information about virtual reality (VR) headsets. It describes what they are and how they work. A virtual reality headset is a head-mounted display that creates a reality-based virtual environment. It includes software that allows individuals to interact with real or imaginary computer-simulated environments. These thre...

This chapter gives a general definition for a virtual reality (VR) headset, which can be used for VR video games, simulations, teaching purposes, and more. This headset is a head-mounted display that creates a reality-based virtual environment. It includes software that allows individuals to interact with real or imaginary computer-simulated enviro...

This chapter explores the integration of eye potential sensors with Virtual Reality (VR) headsets to capture detailed physiological data, providing insights into cognitive and emotional responses within immersive environments. Our research involved the use of advanced sensor glasses in conjunction with the Meta Quest 2 VR headset to monitor eye mov...

This chapter starts by defining creativity as the ability to produce original ideas and items. It also includes the combining of existing work and objects in different ways for new purposes. Creativity involves higher levels of thinking like the synthesis level (where one creates new ideas) and is important to all areas of education. Every field of...

This chapter introduces Metaverse and then focuses on SL and Japan’s island located there. Metaverse provides a fully immersive and interconnected virtual world where individuals can work, live, etc. and interact in a digital environment that closely resembles the real world. On the other hand, SL is a three-dimensional world where avatars perform...

The integration of Digital Twin technology with Augmented Reality (AR) is rapidly transforming industries by bridging the gap between the physical and digital worlds. This chapter explores the evolution of virtual tools and their role in creating and managing Digital Twins, which serve as dynamic, real-time replicas of physical entities. The chapte...

This chapter describes the teaching approach called problem-based learning (PBL) and discusses the creative ways it was used to carry out successful activities in virtual classrooms on Japan’s island in Second Life (SL). Problem-based learning provides students with challenging, ill-structured problems related to their daily lives. The students rec...

: Since the COVID-19 pandemic, people have become aware that materials (products) can transmit infection and have begun to focus on questions such as how bacteria and germs, the sources of in-fection, maintain their infectivity on material surfaces, and the extent to which materials can or cannot prevent this. and to what extent materials can and c...

An influenza A virus (H3N2) with an envelope with the same structure as COVID-19 was used for antiviral testing of material surfaces, in comparison with some results of feline calicivirus. The evaluation method used was the film adhesion method, in which the virus solution is placed on the material and adhered to it using a film. The evaluation met...

We developed a soft contact probe capable of making electrical contact with a specimen without causing damage. This probe is now commercially available. However, the contact area with the probe changes according to the pressure applied during electric contact, potentially affecting electric measurements when current density or electric field streng...

For this study, a piping system was constructed to simulate the kitchen drainage system of a typical apartment building. Vinyl chloride pipe and hot-dip galvanized carbon steel were selected as piping materials. Several materials with antimicrobial coatings were used. For several months, a simulated wastewater solution was poured into the system. T...

A new ISO standard could help spur development of new surface treatments and innovative products that can help defend against harmful bacteria and biofilms. This article describes the successful development and adoption of a new standard, ISO 4768:2023, that addresses measurement of anti-biofilm activity on plastic and other nonporous surfaces.

Biofilm infections sometimes occur on biomaterials inserted into the body because biomaterials can block the attack of immune cells such as macrophages, promoting biofilm formation by invading bacteria. Owing to their use in antifouling applications, including biofilm formation, siloxane-based polymer coatings are considered a promising method to p...

Biofilms, mainly comprised of bacteria, form on materials’ surfaces due to bacterial activity. They are generally composed of water, extracellular polymeric substances (polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids), and bacteria. Some bacteria that form biofilms cause periodontal disease, corrosion of the metal materials that make up drains...

In ocean and coastal waters, the formation of biofilms on artificial matters often causes intractable phenomena such as the deterioration of surface functions and corrosion, resulting in significant economic damage. Thus, methods for inhibiting biofilm formation are in high demand, and many new anti-biofilm products are being designed on a daily ba...

The authors have proposed an active text system (A-txt), which is a next-generation electronic teaching material that can make general books digitally more extensible with a general-purpose mobile terminal using augmented reality (AR). A-txt content is created by software called Contents Maker (C-mkr). This paper discusses the development of C-mkr...

This paper describes the advantages of using virtual reality (VR) environments like Second Life (SL) and VR headsets to motivate and engage students into active learning. Two advantages of virtual reality are that it allows users to see and interact in a three-dimensional world. Research results for the use of VR are also presented and compared to...

In this study, we introduce a plan about the application of various realities for future educational purposes. To start, we provide an overview for three types of realities [Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR) and Mixed Reality (MR)] and clarify their relationships to each other. Then we classify VR tools into three types and focus on the...

The concept of a 3D experience using the Google Cardboard VR headset and cell phones is discussed in terms of its educational effect. As for the video component, content on YouTube as a 360°VR video is used. The following three topics are included in this project: skydiving, lunar exploration, and deep-sea exploration. In some organizations, groups...

Vat polymerization uses ultraviolet light to harden liquid photosensitive resins into medical products such as surgical models and artificial limbs.

Biofilms have caused many problems, not only in the industrial fields, but also in our daily lives. Therefore, it is important for us to control them by evaluating them properly. There are many instrumental analytical methods available for evaluating formed biofilm qualitatively. These methods include the use of Raman spectroscopy and various micro...

Volume 23A provides a comprehensive review of established and emerging 3D printing and bioprinting approaches for biomedical applications, and expansive coverage of various feedstock materials for 3D printing. The Volume includes articles on 3D printing and bioprinting of surgical models, surgical implants, and other medical devices. The introducto...

The evaluation of biofilm formation is important, given the ubiquity and problematic nature of biofilms in industrial and medical settings, as well as in everyday life. Basically, biofilms are formed on substrates. Therefore, it is essential to consider the properties of the substrates during biofilm evaluation. The common dye staining method to ev...

Biofilms are a result of bacterial activities and are found everywhere. They often form on metal surfaces and on the surfaces of polymeric compounds. Biofilms are sticky and mostly consist of water. They have a strong resistance to antimicrobial agents and can cause serious problems for modern medicine and industry. Biofilms are composed of extrace...

In this work, a Cu coating on carbon steel with a fine crevice structure created by laser modification was produced without the use of contaminants by exploiting the super-spread wetting properties of liquid metal. The chemical composition, microstructure, bonding properties, corrosion resistance, and antibacterial activity of the Cu coating were i...

This review describes biofilms and the need for a materials science/engineering approach to solve the problems in the medical field. In particular, biofilm problems are closely related to infectious diseases. Most chronic diseases and the hospital-acquired infections could be attributed to biofilms. Biofilms usually form on materials. They may be b...

This chapter starts by introducing the topic of wastewater (water that requires cleaning after it is used). It mentions water pollutants and various types of wastewater (sewage) like domestic and industrial sewage. Three main levels of wastewater treatment are presented and described. Also, a section is included that discusses the detection, identi...

This chapter starts by introducing COVID-19 and its variants. Then it gives brief descriptions of the human immune system and COVID-19 testing methods for antigens and antibodies. Information is also provided about COVID-19 treatments with antiviral drugs and antibodies. Finally, there is a discussion about vaccines including Pfizer, Moderna, and J...

Infection is caused by pathogens outside of our bodies or by usual inhabitants within our bodies. It can be defined as the phenomenon that pathogens such as microbes, viruses, etc. enter organisms and grow there. Bacteria can grow by themselves under certain conditions. From this viewpoint, we can understand that bacteria are able to grow inside ou...

This chapter deals with virions and materials. (A virion is an infective form of a virus outside of a host cell). The chapter clarifies the way virions infect humans (or organisms) and the factors that affect virions on materials. Firstly, we discuss the relationship between materials and viral infection and then point out the kinds of interactions...

In this chapter, we surveyed the differences of viral behaviors inside and outside of our bodies. Then, we introduced an international standard to evaluate the viral activity on various materials. This evaluation technique is the combination of a film covering method developed for antibacterial evaluation of materials by SIAA (Society of Internatio...

Biofilms are the result of bacterial activity. When the number of bacteria (attached to materials’ surfaces) reaches a certain threshold value, then the bacteria simultaneously excrete organic polymers (EPS: extracellular polymeric substances). These sticky polymers encase and protect the bacteria. They are called biofilms and contain about 80% wat...

Bacteria form biofilms by attaching to materials. The formed biofilm has various influences on daily life and industry, positively or negatively. Therefore, the biofilm should be observed and controlled in an appropriate manner. There are numerous developed methods to evaluate biofilms. However, many of them have been not appropriate from the viewp...

The sulfuric acid permeation and biofilm formation behaviors of polysiloxane films have been investigated, and simple methods for evaluating the sulfuric acid permeation and biofilm formation behaviors have been proposed in this paper. The polysiloxane films used in these experiments were practically impermeable to the aqueous sulfuric acid solutio...

We report the morphology control of a nano-phase-separated structure in the photoactive layer (power generation layer) of organic–inorganic hybrid thin-film solar cells to develop highly functional electronic devices for societal applications. Organic and inorganic–organic hybrid bulk heterojunction solar cells offer several advantages, including l...

In this work, a copper coating is developed on a carbon steel substrate by exploiting the superwetting properties of liquid copper. We characterize the surface morphology, chemical composition, roughness, wettability, ability to release a copper ion from surfaces, and antibacterial efficacy (against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus). The...

This chapter starts by discussing the status of COVID-19 and ways to improve the situation. Then it presents a general plan (prepared by the World Health Organization) for controlling a pandemic. Next, four methods to prepare for future pandemics are introduced. One involves the use of sharks’ antibody-like proteins as effective therapeutics agains...

The coronavirus pandemic has had a major impact on education. As a result of this crisis, instructors world-wide had to quickly adapt and shift to remote teaching. This paper presents and describes technologies (such as Microsoft Teams, Zoom, Virtual Worlds, etc.) to promote active student learning during a pandemic. It also provides general inform...

This paper is described on the improvement of the Active Textbook System (A-txt) and the consideration for Copyright Law when the A-txt is used. The A-txt is a next-generation electronic educational material system proposed by the authors that can digitally expand the general paper books with general-purpose terminals. This system is the original s...

Various methods are available to evaluate the behavior of viruses on material surfaces, an important area of research for determining how long a virus can live on an inanimate object, and learning how to design and develop advanced antiviral materials.

Biofilms are formed on materials by bacterial activities and bring about detrimental problems as well as beneficial ones in industrial fields and our daily lives. It is very important to establish effective countermeasures, to control biofilms properly and also to monitor the formation and growth. For any of those purposes, we have to know how the...

Biofilms are inhomogeneous film-like matters formed on materials by bacterial activities. They bring about many detrimental problems in various fields such as cooling pipes, kitchens, toilets, baths, marine structures, food industries, medical applications, hospitals etc., as well as beneficial purposes. Therefore, they should be controlled properl...

During the COVID 19 pandemic, the importance of global academia-industrial alliances has increased. It is hoped that the alliances will help us to solve the current problems caused by the pandemic. In this paper, we introduce the application of IT tools and communication skills utilized in a special educational project for an academia-industrial co...

On Wednesday 30 September 2020, the webinar on “Advanced Coating for Buildings” will be held in the frame of the e-book launch on “Advanced Coating for Buildings”, which was edited by Professors Aníbal Maury-Ramírez from Colombia, Inês Flores Colen from Portugal and Hideyuki Kanematsu from Japan. Based on the current need to achieve sustainable de...

Based on five Special Issues in Coatings, this e-book contains a series of fifteen articles demonstrating actual perspectives and new trends in advanced coatings in buildings. Innovative materials and multiperformance solutions provide a basis, contributing also to better protection of buildings’ surfaces during the service life, and users’ wellbei...

Biofilms are formed on materials surfaces by bacterial activities, which leads to the many kinds of contaminations and causes many industrial problems such as scale inside cooling water pipes, corrosion, hygiene issues at kitchens, dining, toilets, bath tubs, chronic diseases in medical fronts etc. To solve the industrial problems, many countermeas...

Biofilms formed on materials have brought about many industrial problems so far. Chronic diseases, the deterioration of hygiene conditions etc. could be mentioned for example. We have confirmed that graphene is easy to form biofilms on it in various ways. Therefore, we expect and predict it could be applied to a practical sensor for biofilm detecti...

Biofilms formed on materials by bacterial activity cause many engineering problems. It ranges from those at hospitals to toilets and kitchen at homes in various ways. To solve those problems, it is very important to analyze the phenomenon precisely and also to monitor the formation and growth process. To achieve the purpose, we have had many propos...

In this study, we examined the relationship between the effect of a zinc coating on protecting carbon steel against biofilm formation in both air and water environments. SS400 carbon steel coupons were covered with a zinc thermal spray coating or copper thermal spray coating. Coated coupons were exposed to either air or water conditions. Following...

This chapter describes biofilm problems in various environments. It starts by introducing the marine environment and goes on to discuss biofilm problems like biofouling and corrosion that damage structures used in the building of sea vessels and ports. These problems are very expensive for the shipping industry. Next, the topic of soil and its bact...

Biofilms form on natural animate substrata. For substrata discussed in this chapter, we selected plants’ surfaces and the tissues inside of human bodies. Biofilms are a result of bacterial activity. First bacteria attach to a surface (at an interface), aggregate, and then increase their number to a certain threshold value. At this point they excret...

Biofilms form at the interface between different phases in nature. To investigate biofilms and to solve practical problems, we have to reproduce the phenomena in laboratories. To achieve this purpose, we need to produce biofilms in laboratories and to evaluate them properly and accurately. As for the artificial production of biofilms, we need labor...

This chapter describes the usefulness of biofilms. It starts by discussing the importance of biofilms for producing electricity and the process which is known as microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology. The next topic presents beneficial applications of biofilms to the environment. It includes bioremediation, nitrogen-fixing bacteria that make atmosph...

This chapter presents various substrates and their capabilities for biofilm formation, taking into account influential factors like van der Waals forces, hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, the presence of polar side chains on polymers, and more. It includes information about natural substrates such as roots of plants and rocks (which are slimy in rive...

To improve and develop industrial products and processes, a standard is always needed. Nowadays, not only for academic activities, but also for industrial ones, various standards are developed beyond borders among nations. Therefore, the international standards are also needed. In light of that, we introduce various industrial standards relating to...

This chapter includes the fundamentals for biofilms. It starts by introducing the topics of bacteria and biofilms. Then it discusses the formation, growth, collapse, and removal of biofilms, which are the result of bacterial activity. Biofilm constituents (which are predominantly water) and exopolymeric substances (EPS) are also presented. EPS, a s...

This chapter describes a variety of ways for detecting and evaluating biofilms. The biological methods include staining, gene analysis, and proteomics. An instrumental analysis section is available too. It introduces many microscopes and discusses their uses for observing and analyzing biofilms.

Biofilms affect many industries and our daily lives. Their formation and growth processes have common essential factors, but some of their components differ from one environment to another. Biofilms have a negative side in that they cause many problems. However, on a positive note, they provide benefits if used properly and effectively. Therefore,...

This book provides excellent techniques for detecting and evaluating biofilms: sticky films on materials that are formed by bacterial activity and produce a range of industrial and medical problems such as corrosion, sanitary problems, and infections. Accordingly, it is essential to control biofilms and to establish appropriate countermeasures, fro...

For this study, instructors carried out active learning classes using tools to obtain biological information. Due to the constrained conditions for their use, students proposed their own projects and successfully carried them out on their own. The students belonged to two groups: one was for17 year old students and the other was for the students 19...

An experimental trial was carried out with a problem-based learning (PBL) class for students. They were asked to come up with a plan for applying a glass sensor to determine concentration power. They held a discussion and agreed on a system and process, in which students would focus on memorizing English words. The process had three components. Whi...

In this paper, a novel teaching material for the subject in Electric Power Engineering is proposed. The content of the subject is a non-practical, because the really necessary equipment cannot be installed on campus. Therefore, while taking the subject, students can neither feel the atmosphere nor know the danger of it. As a result of various trial...

This paper introduces and describes a learning system for analyzing devices in a virtual world and points out its significance for current research collaboration. Now we are in Society 5.0, so daily problems should be solved by IoT (Internet of Things) with a mutual collaboration without borders. The authors need to collaborate with each other amon...

Biofilm is a substance that contains organic polymers. It is derived from bacteria, produces slime, and forms on material's surfaces. Therefore, it is important to properly evaluate biofilm formation using several types of sensors. Since biofilm forms easily on graphene, it is possible for graphene to serve as a sensor for biofilm formation. In the...

A biofilm has a unique structure composed of microorganisms, extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), etc., and it is layered on a substrate in water. In material science, it is important to detect the biofilm formed on a surface to prevent biofouling. EPSs, the major component of the biofilm, mainly consist of polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic...

We already found that graphene is very sensitive to biofilm formation by bacterial activities. The problem is how to constitute proper sensing systems to detect biofilms in various cases. In this study, we focussed on the silane compound coating in which nano graphene powder would be dispersed in its free volume. The concentration of graphene powde...

The contamination on materials surface leads to various industrial problems and our daily lives' ones. Therefore, many countermeasures have been investigated from industrial viewpoints. Biofouling by bacterial activities and biofilms formed on materials' surfaces as a result would be the main cause to fix many kinds of contaminations on them as wel...

Biofilms formed on materials by bacterial activities affect many industrial problems as well as those in daily lives. Therefore, it is very important to monitor biofilm formation/growth processes properly. Biofilms are generally composed of water (more than 80%), exopolymeric substances and bacteria themselves. They exist on material surfaces inhom...

Mars, the most Earth-like of the planets, has motivated scientists to search for life there. Presently, plans are in the works for landing humans on the Red planet between 2025 and the 2030s. Young students of today may have an opportunity to travel to Mars and /or serve as future astronauts. Therefore, it is important to provide them with enjoyabl...

E-learning is a powerful educational tool nowadays. Particularly, it could activate classrooms and enhance the understanding of educational content taught by teachers. However, teachers often have various difficulties for using e-learning. One problem is for them to produce educational tools on their own. Some teachers need support for this type of...

N,N-diethyl-N-(2-methancryloylethy)-N-methylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide polymer (DEMM-TFSI) brush coated specimens (substrate: glasses) and a liquid ion type of polymer brush coating were investigated for their antifouling effect on biofilms. Biofilms were produced by two kinds of bacteria, E. coli and S. epidermidis. They were form...

This chapter focuses on E‐coli and examines the biofilm formation behavior on surfaces of titanium alloys using the own unique laboratory biofilm reactors. The evaluation of biofilms was carried out by the combination of optical microscope, Raman spectroscopy, and staining by crystal violet in an experiment. Specimens were placed on the observation...

This chapter focuses on the correlation between applied elastic waves and biofilm formation in a circulating type of laboratory biofilm reactor (LBR). Several metallic specimens were inserted into the LBR and elastic waves were applied to them for a certain period of time in an experiment. The other method of measurement was the staining test using...