Hiba Omer

• Doctor of Philosophy
• Professor (Assistant) at Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University

Objectives Rectal cancer is a significant global health concern, with radiotherapy playing a crucial role in treatment. However, optimal fractionation regimens remain debated, particularly with newer treatment techniques such as the use of Halcyon-based radiotherapy. This study aims to compare dosimetric and radiobiological parameters between two r...

Background: Physics has indeed revolutionized medical practice since the birth of medicine thousands of years ago. It provided us with a better understanding of our health problems through many diagnostic and treatment tools yet, many medical colleges do not fully implement physics as a core subject in their curricula. Physics is taught only as a f...

BACKGROUND Accurate diagnosis and subsequent delineated treatment planning require the experience of clinicians in the handling of their case numbers. However, applying deep learning in image processing is useful in creating tools that promise faster high-quality diagnoses, but the accuracy and precision of 3-D image processing from 2-D data may be...

An accurate and compact electrocardiogram (ECG) device will greatly assist doctors in diagnosing heart diseases. It will also help to address the increasing number of deaths caused by heart disease. Accordingly, the goal of the project is to design and construct an easy-to-use compact 12-lead electrocardiogram device that communicates with a comput...

mSv ± 1.39); in 2021 Hp(10) was (0.25 mSv ± 1.27). The average H p (10) was well below the annual occupational dose limits (20 mSv.year − 1). Regarding the annual dose, all recorded values were quite low compared to the annual radiation dose limits for radiation staff (20 mSv annual ~ 1.67 mSv.month − 1). Nevertheless, some points of measurement re...

Nuclear medicine diagnostic procedures such as positron emission tomography (PET) scans and hybrid imaging using a combination of PET and computed tomography (CT), commonly referred to as PET-CT scanning. Hybrid imaging, which allows accurate visualization of internal anatomical structure and the consequent physiological processes simultaneously, i...

CT scanning deliver much higher radiation doses than planar radiological procedures, which puts patients to high risks. This study measures and evaluates patient doses during chest and abdomen computed tomography procedures. Particular attention is given to measuring the dose to the equivalent breast (mSv) and to estimate the associated risks of br...

The uptake of Fluorine-18 fluoro-deoxy-glucose (18F-FDG) in tumors is assessed using the Standardized Uptake Values (SUVs). These values are usually normalized for the body weight of the patients (SUVbw). However, reported literature revealed an overestimation of uptake in obese patients who suffer from higher body fat content with low uptake of th...

Introduction Dosimetric and radiobiological evaluations for the Jaws-only Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (JO-IMRT) technique for head and neck jaws-only intensity-modulated radiation therapy (JO-IMRT) and 3D conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT). To compare the head-and-neck therapeutic approaches utilizing JO-IMRT and 3D-CRT techniques, different...

Computed tomography (CT) are often used for adult and pediatric patients. This is basically due to its powerful diagnostic capabilities in providing the tiniest details of pathologies in the body. Nevertheless, this detailed and accurate imaging occurs at the expense of the high doses received by the patients, although in general, the benefits outw...

The pathology of the urinary system is usually investigated using Intravenous Urography (IVU). The study objectives are to quantify patients’ radiation dose and radiation induced malignant tumors risk during IVU examination. The radiation doses during IVU and the subsequent risks from exposure are studied, using data from 50 patients imaged in one...

Occupational exposure to ionizing radiation of medical personnel is very common at radiology and nuclear medicine departments. Strict regulations and guidelines for the exposure of staff working in such departments were regulated by international authorities such as the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), and the International Commission on...

The instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) method was combined with the γ − γ coincidence technique to measure Iron (Fe) and Terbium (Tb) concentrations in geological (Montana II Soil) and environmental (Coal Fly Ash) standard materials. The measured concentrations, which agree well with the corresponding certificate values, are compared w...

This work concerns neutron doses associated with the use of a Siemens Primus M5497 electron accelerator, which is operated in the photon mode at 15 MV. The conditions offer a situation within which a fraction of the bremsstrahlung emission energies exceed the photoneutron threshold. For different field sizes, an investigation has been made of neutr...

Accurate diagnosis, along with appropriate treatment planning, requires the exceptional experience of the clinicians. The application of deep learning in image processing can create tools to make the diagnosis process faster. This study aimed to apply Deep Learning and Radiomics in diagnosing lung cancer to build a supporting tool for clinicians in...

In neutron activation analysis (NAA), the gamma gamma coincidence method (GGC) is commonly employed in experimental studies of nuclear structure. In order to conduct an accurate measurement, requiring complex de-convolution peak methods must be applied to the resulting gamma-ray spectrum. This work applied GGC method for investigation of Fe and Tb...

Boswellia sp. is a species of Boswellia. Burseraceae is an essential conventional natural product that has received a lot of attention in the pharmaceutical industry in recent years. The aim of this study was to role of Boswellia sp. Burseraceae on kidney and liver of Balb/c mice. Different concentrations of Boswellia sp. Burseraceae solution was g...

Introduction Medical images are usually affected by biological and physical artifacts or noise, which reduces image quality and hence poses difficulties in visual analysis, interpretation and thus requires higher doses and increased radiographs repetition rate. Objectives This study aims at assessing image quality during CT abdomen and brain exami...

The positron emitters (¹⁸F-Sodium Fluoride (NaF)) and X-rays used in Positron emission tomography (PET) combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging have a high radiation dose, which results in a high patient dose. The present research intends to determine the radiation dose and risks associated with PET/CT- 18F-Sodium fluoride examinations i...

Ionizing radiation exposure from medical applications is increasing annually worldwide. It was estimated that 325 million dental procedures were performed in the United States. Radiation exposure from dental radiography consists of intraoral, panoramic, and 3D imaging cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging. Recent studies reported an associat...

Computerised tomography (CT) continues to be a corner stone medical and radiologic imaging modalities in radiology and radiotherapy departments. Its importance lies in its efficiency in low contrast detectability (LCD). The assessment of such capabilities requires rigorous image quality analysis using special designed phantoms with different densit...

The objective of this study is to estimate the annual effective dose for cardiologists and nurses by measuring Hp(10) and Hp(0.07) during cardiac catheterization procedures. A total of 16 staffs members were working in interventional cardiology during 1 year at a tertiary hospital. The occupational dose was measured using calibrated thermo-luminesc...

Computed tomography (CT) frequency is approximately 11% of medical radiological procedures. Nevertheless, CT examinations contribute up to 70% collective doses. CT procedures carried out in pediatric patients represent 33% of CT procedures. This study aimed to assess pediatric doses during chest and abdomen procedures and estimated the projected ra...

This review article studies extensively brain tumours. Brain tumors are among the leading causes of death. Here we introduce the different types and grades of brain tumor, their causes, symptoms and worldwide distribution. The article also discusses the different diagnostic facilities starting from those that do not require radiation diagnostic ima...

Radiation is used in medicine to diagnose and treat diseases but it can also cause harm to the body by burning or mutation. This depends on whether the radiation is ionizing or nonionizing. Despite its vast applications in surgery, dermatology and cosmetics, little is taught and thus known about non-ionizing radiation This review article discusses...

The purpose the current work were to assess the radiation exposure given to patients during percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), pacemaker (PM) and coronary angiography (CA), procedures. In total, 419 procedures were carried out in 4 specialized hospitals. Calibrated Kerma area product meters were used to quantify the patient doses. Effective...

The purposes of this study are to estimate patient's radiation doses and radiogenic risk in vascular lower limb computed tomography (CT). In total, 188 (109 (68%) males and 79 (42%) females) patients undergone vascular CT for the lower limbs at three radiology departments. Three CT scanners, 160, 128, and 64 slices CT, were used in this study. CT-E...

Objectives Brain neoplasms or intracranial tumors, which are more common in older adults, can affect individuals of any age including pediatric and children. Exposure to carcinogenic agents including ionizing radiation and family history is one of the main causes of the disease. Early diagnosis is crucial to avoid prolonged. patients' suffering. Th...

In this study the effect of Gum arabic (Acacia Senegal) was systemically targeted at male fertility with two experiments, the first comparing the effectiveness of Gum arabic (GA) and Tribulus terrestris (TT). For the first experiment, 27 adult mice Balb / c (18 females, 9 males) were divided into 3 in each group, one male and two females, group one...

This study aims to estimate the effective radiation dose and organ dose from head CT procedures. It was conducted in three main private hospitals in Khartoum State-Sudan, using Toshiba machines with 64 slices. The total number of patients included in this study was 142 patients (82 males and 60 females). The effective dose and organ dose were calcu...

Background Infertility is a global health issue and hysterosalpingography (HSG) is a valuable radiological tool in infertility workup and remains a main modality for investigating female infertility. However, the HSG findings of infertility are not the same worldwide. This study aimed at evaluating the incidence of HSG findings in patients investig...

Present study compares two different 3D radiotherapy techniques: three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) and 3D external-beam radiation dose fields from computerized treatment plans, produced for 30 prostate cancer patients. All of the patients were the subject of treatment at the National Cancer Institute in Egypt. Evaluation was made of...

Introduction The goal of radiotherapy treatment planning is to design a beam configuration which will deliver a homogeneous dose to the specified planning target volume (PTV), ensuring that normal tissue receives a reasonably low dose and that critical organs receive less than their tolerance doses. Purpose This study was to compare between 2-dime...

Breast cancer patients are treated by a variety of options. Electron beams are utilised in the irradiation of the chest wall postmastectomy due to its dose distribution in the irradiated body. The objectives of this study were to determine the possibility of inducing lung fibrosis and pneumonitis during postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) using elec...

Imaging of the renal system is performed with different techniques depending mainly on clinical symptoms and signs. This study intended to evaluate patient effective doses undergoing renal scintigraphy (technetium-99m-diethylene-triamine-pentaacetic acid), computed tomography urography (CTU) and intravenous urography (IVU). A total of 60 patients w...

The aims of this study were to measure the patients' entrance surface air kerma doses (ESAK), effective doses and to compare practices between different hospitals in Sudan. ESAK were measured for patient using calibrated thermo luminance dosimeters (TLDs, GR200A). Effective doses were estimated using National radiological Protection Board (NRPB) so...

Advances in CT system technology have improved the diagnosis of many clinical conditions and consequence new investigation methods emerged. However, CT procedures expose the patients to high an avoidable radiation doses which may increase the individuals lifetime radiation risk of developing cancer. This study was intended to evaluate patient doses...

from other radiological procedures. It has been estimated that CT examinations make up approximately 11% of the number of radiologic procedures and that radiation from CT delivers approximately 70% of the medically related radiation dose. Radiation dose to the breast tissue is of critical importance, especially in girls and young women. The aims of...

Radiotherapy research requires a flexible computational research environment for Monte Carlo and patientspecific treatment planning. The ability to perform organs' delineation and measurements of dose distribution within the patient is necessary for analysis of treatment parameters. XSTING was used for the evaluation of chest-wall irradiation using...

High-energy photon and electron beams were accurately simulated by Monte Carlo code. Electron simulation is not easy due to their light weight and their scattering nature. Moreover, because of the commercial value of the detailed specifications of the accelerator parts, manufacturers are usually reluctant to provide the information with the necessa...

Abstract: Introduction: electron beams have been extensively used in postmastectomy radiotherapy due to its homogenous dose at the surface followed by sharp fall-off sparing the underlying tissue. Multiple electron fields or electron photon mix were the techniques commonly used. An old study reported the successful use of single-field electron beam...

Objectives Browsing pubmed one can find many studies on Monte Carlo studies using photons, for intensity modulated radiotherapy and even neutrons, but the number of studies on electron Monte Carlo is very limited. The objective of this study was to simulate ELEKTA SL18 electron beams for all available energies and different field sizes; 6X6, 10X10,...

Radiotherapy given after mastectomy (PMRT) will reduce the risk of local recurrence by about two-thirds. Clinical and dosimetric trials were carried out using various techniques to optimize the treatments by maximizing the dose to the tumour and minimizing it to the healthy tissues at proximity. Different conventional techniques which have been stu...

Physics plays a big role in medicine. In addition to explaining the mechanisms by which the different systems of the body function, physics, especially radiation physics, provides different diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Due to the random nature of interaction of radiation with body, an accurate mean of calculation is needed. Monte Carlo techniq...

Objectives: The current study intends to measure entrance surface dose (ESD) and Effective Dose (ED) and estimate the radiation risks for pediatric patients undergoing IVU procedures. Methods: A survey of radiation doses to 21 pediatric patients during intravenous procedures was carried out in this study. Entrance surface doses (ESDs) Effective dos...

Cardiac catheterizations have contributed greatly to the treatment of heart diseases. However the radiation exposure to the patient is significantly higher compared with other radiological examinations. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the level of radiation dose received by the patients in order to introduce local diagnostic reference...

The human body is a set of biophysical systems that work together in a certain rhythm. Any distraction to this rhythm might result in a collapse of the systems with an ultimate termination of the functions of the whole body. Studying the biophysical properties of the human body as well as the diagnostic and therapeutic facilities made available via...

This paper involves a literature review on intra and inter-fraction tumour motion measurements for radiotherapy from 1993-2004. It highlights the importance of the accurate tumour motion measurement and management and describes the various methods applied to control the movements of the targeted volume. The organ motion data obtained from three dif...