Heshmat Rahimian

Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University | SANRU · Department of Plant Protection

Resistance inducers have been focused on promising environment-friendly options to chemical pesticides. In the present study, eleven potential resistance inducers were investigated to evaluate their efficacy in mitigating the adverse impacts of bacterial spot disease in tomato plants. Results revealed that catalase activity and hydrogen peroxide co...

Alnus subcordata, also known as the Caucasian alder, is a highly beneficial species for afforestation due to its rapid growth, nitrogen-fixing ability, and positive impact on soil fertility. This tree may change the soil microbial community and play a vital role in nutrient cycling. In Iran, Caucasian alder is one of the most valuable commercial sp...

Bacterial canker disease of stone fruits is a major concern in stone fruit‐growing countries worldwide. Pseudomonas spp. and Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni (Xap) are the primary pathogens involved in this disease. In spring, summer and autumn 2016, symptoms like those produced by Pseudomonas spp. and Xap were observed in almond, apricot, peach an...

Background and objectives: The beneficial characteristics of endophytic bacteria in general and environmental safety features of Bacillus spp. in particular, have made them potentially efficacious bacteria for plant growth promotion as well as plant defense elicitation against biotic and abiotic stresses. Given that the preservation of biodiversity...

The genus Clavibacter (family Microbacteriaceae) includes Gram-positive actinobacterial species infecting diverse agricultural crops such as alfalfa, maize, pepper, potato, tomato, and wheat. Clavibacter tessellarius causing bacterial mosaic of wheat was reported for the first time in 1976 in Nebraska (USA). Since then, the pathogen was known to be...

Background Identification and characterization of the endophytic microorganism, is gaining their underestimated significance in influencing health, performance, and other biological attributions of plants in general and forest tree species in particular. Because of the scarcity of information on the endophytic microbiome of the Hyrcanian forests sp...

Tree decline is described as the loss in tree vigor and increased mortality initiated by climate change events, and also involves pathogens and pests. Stem bleeding and bark canker of oak (Quercus castaneifolia) were observed in Mazandaran and Golestan forests during summer 2020–2021. Symptoms included cracks in the outer bark, stem tissue necrosis...

Caucasian alder ( Alnus subcordata ) is among the major constituents of the Hyrcanian forests extending all along the southern coast of the Caspian Sea in northern Iran. An angular leaf spot with a yellowish chlorotic halo has attained a widespread occurrence throughout the forest and suburban areas of the northern provinces including Guilan, Mazan...

On isolation and identification of endophytic Bacillus species from roots of Caprinus

The bacterial leaf spot of Primula vulgaris was reported from forest locations in Mazandaran province, Iran in 1995. The causative bacterium was initially identified as Xanthomonas campestris based on sequences of ITS and 16S rRNA regions. On the basis of sequences of gyrB and dnaK housekeeping genes, the isolates resembled strains of Xanthomonas h...

Extended Abstract Introduction and Objective: Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important cereals which known to have high nutritional value in foods population worldwide. Rice sheath blight is considered as a critical diseases and Rhizoctonia solani (Teleomorph: Thanatephorus cucumeris) is the causal agent of the disease. Induction of resi...

Objective Plant diseases are one of the major limitations in agricultural production. Citrus blast disease is one of the most common diseases in citrus producing regions of the world, with the exception of tropical regions. Plants respond to bacterial pathogens by activating genes encoding defense proteins. One of the defense mechanisms of plants a...

A bacterial disease of periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) was noted in some locations in Mazandaran province of Iran in 1995-1996 and 2016-2017. The affected periwinkle plants had brown necrotic lesions on stems and leaves often late in the growing season. Gram-negative, yellow-pigmented, rod-shaped Xanthomonas-like bacteria were consistently isolate...

Japanese quince trees are grown as ornamental plants in Iran, in parks and in orchards close to stone fruit and pome fruit trees. Shoots of Japanese quince (Chaenomeles japonica) showing sunken brown canker symptoms were observed and collected near Sari, the center of Mazandaran province in the North of Iran, during the 2016 growing season. Gram ne...

Huanglongbing (HLB) is one of the most destructive citrus diseases in the world. To amplify partial CLas housekeeping genes, six primer pairs based on the Psy62 isolate were designed using Vector NTI 9.2 software and Primer3 4.1.0 and were subsequently synthesized by Metabion (Metabion©, Germany). The rpoB, dnaG, rplA, mutS, fumC, and nusG genes we...

Huanglongbing (HLB) is one of the most destructive diseases of citrus worldwide. The disease keeps spreading in several citrus-growing areas of southern Iran. The potential of (GTG)5-rep marker in revealing the genetic diversity of geographic isolates of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus was evaluated in the present study. Twenty-one HLB-infected s...

Eucalypts are cultivated in many regions of the world because of their amenability to intensive plantation forestry (environmental adaptability and plasticity of clones, fast growth, easiness of rooting and strong re-sprouting after coppicing), quality of the timber for multiple uses and high economic performance. Symptomatic Eucalyptus camaldulens...

Hazelnut (Corylus avellanae), a plant native to the temperate northern hemisphere, is cultivated in Iran mainly in the northern parts of the country. Irregular reddish-brown necrotic spots surrounded by a yellow halo on hazelnut leaves and fruit bracts, leading to wilting of leaves, defoliation, and branch dieback, were observed during 2018 and 201...

Microbial pathogens cause great losses in many crops, including wheat. Plants overcome pathogen attack by triggering defense mechanisms relying on host resistance (HR) and non-host resistance (NHR). NHR can be a multi-gene driven, durable response, but the specific molecular mechanisms and genes involved remain elusive. The characterization of diff...

Rice sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA is one of the most important diseases of high-yielding rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars in rice-growing areas of the world including Iran. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of native fluorescent pseudomonads in combination with plant defence activators in controlling rice sheath blight...

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is native from Iran to the Himalayas and an important horticultural commodity (Shahsavari et al. 2021). Dark brown, water soaked, angular to irregular spots on fruit and leaves were observed in the spring of 2016 in two pomegranate orchards in Behshahr county, Mazandaran province, Iran. Yellow bacterial colonies wer...

Sphingomonads are becoming increasingly widespread in diverse aquatic and terrestrial environments including the phylosphere and rhizosphere of plants, among which a few have emerged as plant pathogens. The taxonomic status and some biological characteristics of the sphingomonads existing as epiphyte on citrus trees were investigated in the present...

Background and Objectives The bacterial mosaic induced by Clavibacter tessellarius is one of the wheat seed-borne diseases that causes mosaic and chlorotic leaf spots on infected plants. The disease has previously been reported in a few regions within Iran. There is still no information on the disease's prevalence and distribution in the major whe...

Sphingomonads are taxonomically heterogeneous bacteria possessing biologically diverse features. In the present study, the taxonomic status and some biological and phenotypic characteristics of sphingomonad strains isolated from stone and pome fruit trees in Mazandaran province were determined. The 115 sphingomonad-like strains isolated formed 13 p...

The isolates were divided into two separate groups based on their host range. One group could affected wheat and barley plants, and another group infected only barley plants. Biochemical and physiological tests did not show much difference among the strains, but some tests were able to distinguish the two pathovars, such as lactose utilization, pro...

Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) is an economically important ornamental and crop plant. It has a wide range of biologically active compounds and is regarded as a unique medicinal plant with multiple applications. Members of the order Enterobacteriales isolated from trees are often associated with bacterial canker. During the growing season f...

Common fig (Ficus carica) is an important food crop worldwide. A canker disease was observed on common fig trees in the Kerman province, Iran during 2016-2019. Symptoms included weak trees, brown to black lesions and canker formation on the trunks accompanied by exudation of black sap. A putative pathogen was isolated from infected tissues and char...

The Morus plants with a wide range of features and properties are widely used for their edible fruits, medicinal and other ornamental purposes worldwide. In summer and spring of 2016, a wetwood disease was observed on Morus trees (Black mulberry, White mulberry and Red mulberry), in municipal lands and parks of Rafsanjan city (Kerman Province), Ira...

Brown stripe, incited by Acidovorax oryzae is one of the most important and widespread diseases in rice (Oryza sativa) nurseries in Iran. Rice seedlings showing brown stripes were collected from suburb areas in southern Sari. Bacteria were isolated on plates of sorbitol neutral red agar. Species-specific PCR using trpB1/trpB2 and SEQID1/SEQID2 prim...

Cabbage with excellent source of vitamins, antioxidants and minerals, is among the most popular vegetables worldwide. In 2016, during our surveys of cabbage diseases in the Mazandaran province, Iran, symptoms of blight and detaching of leaves, water soaking, browning and decline were observed on the mature plants of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var....

Lawson cypress (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana), an important landscape tree, is widely planted in gardens and parks throughout Iran. Crown gall disease on Lawson cypress trees was observed in Sari and Juybar Counties, Mazandaran province, northern Iran in 2017. Isolation from galls on potato dextrose agar (PDA) containing CaCO3 yielded bacterial colonie...

Whitish tumors were observed at the bud union site and crowns of Navalena sweet orange on Carrizo citrange rootstock in a citrus propagation nursery in Sari, northern Iran. Representative isolates were identified based on their phenotypic features and the nucleotide sequences of 16S rRNA and virD genes of a typical isolate as Agrobacterium tumefaci...

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During the surveys in the major cactus-growing regions of Mazandaran Province of Iran, symptoms of soft rot were observed on the Eve's pin (Austrocylindropuntia subulate) plants. Cactus samples with typical symptoms including soft rot, black colored and water-soaked lesion at the entire of plants stem were collected and transferred to the laborator...

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) has been existing in northern Iran for more than five decades. The long time interaction of different virus genotypes with Aphis gossypii (Glover), as the only aphid vector of CTV in northern Iran, has led to the emergence of highly virulent subpopulations, among others, in the established foci. Here, we studied the popu...

Oak decline syndrome is characterized by periodic occurrences of decline and death of oaks over widespread areas. An outbreak of a new emerging disease on oak trees was reported in the Hyrcanian forest of Iran (Mazandaran and Golestan provinces) that showed stem bleeding and canker symptoms. Bacterial isolates were characterized through biochemical...

Field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) is considered as one of the most destructive weeds in the fields and gardens worldwide. In summer 2017, during the investigation carried out in Mazandaran province, a significant number of field bindweed indicated the leaf spot symptoms. Hence, the samples were collected and brought to the phytobacteriology lab...

Alnus subcordata (Caucasian Alder, Betulaceae) is known as one of the most important tree species in wood industry with high nitrogen fixation capability and high rate of biomass production. In recent years, a disease symptom with the characteristics of alder bacterial leaf spot has been reported from the forests in Mazandaran province, Iran. To ch...

A total of 4,009 endophytic fungal isolates were recovered from healthy leaves, bark and xylem of Citrus sinensis in different seasons and age‐classes. Corresponding to those factors, the majorities of fungal isolates were recovered from leaves, 2‐yr‐ old trees and winter, respectively. Fungal isolates were initially categorized based on cultura...

Erwinia amylovora the agent of Fire blight is one of the most destructive diseases of fruit trees, especially apples (Malus domestica) and pears (Pyrus communis). The main symptoms of the diseases in the spring include blossom blight, necrosis, blackening of the petiole, and necrosis and bending of twigs in a characteristic. Another dangerous disea...

The genus Alder with twenty species is one of the important sources of wood production in the northern hemisphere. Caucasian alder (Alnus subcordata), in addition to its high economic importance, has a unique ecological role in the natural regeneration of damaged stands in Hyrcanian forests of Northern Iran. Symptoms of canker accompanied by liquid...

Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia L) as a medicinal plant, with having diverse and valuable chemical compounds has a special importance in medical industry. This tree, with distribution in different parts of the country with different climatic conditions, has shown a wide range of ecological tolerance. Russian olive widely used in the developme...

Lawson Cypress (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana), is an evergreen native tree to USA and Europe, also is an important amenity tree widely planted in gardens and parks throughout the country and forests of northern Iran. An alert concerning new disease in nurseries of Lawson cypress has received in Mazandaran Province. In this research during sampling proc...

Decline-diseases of forest trees are complex syndromes not attributable to single causal factors. In Iran symptoms of decline-disease have been observed in a number of native forest species including Quercus castaneifolia (chestnut-leaved oak), Q. brantii (Persian oak) and Carpinus betulus (hornbeam). The symptoms are prevalent in the northern fore...

Hop stunt viroid as the causal agent of cachexia disease has detected from citrus trees in different areas in Iran. Although cachexia has not been reported as a decline disease for citrus trees, it can impair crop quality and reduce plant yields. This study was undertaken to molecularly detect HSVd among different commercial citrus cultivars and de...

The study showed a high level of diversity among isolates so that some of them showed phenotypic characteristics that differed from the isolates described in previous studies. Studied isolates were placed into two major groups of Pectobacterium wasabiae and Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. Genomic fingerprinting profiles revealed that...

This experiment was carried out in both pot and field conditions to assess the effects of three native potassium solubilizing bacteria (KSB: including Pantoea agglomerans, Rahnella aquatilis and Pseudomonas orientalis which were isolated from paddy fields) on grain yield (GY), dry matter remobilization (DMR) and translocation (DMT), dry matter tran...

Abstract The current research was performed to investigate the effects of three potassium-solubilizing bacteria (KSB) strains (Pantoea agglomerans, Rahnella aquatilis, and Pseudomonas orientalis) on leaf photosynthetic characteristics in rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Pajohesh). A pot and a field experiment were conducted in a paddy field. The results i...

Citrus blast caused by Pseudomonas spp. is one of the most important diseases in the northern citrus growing provinces of Iran causing considerable losses to citrus orchards wherever the conducive climate conditions. prevail blast symptoms on the leaf and petiole generally appear as water-soaked or black spots that expand and become necrotic. In th...

Citrus vein enation virus (CVEV), a tentative species of the genus Enamovirus, family Luteoviridae, which causes vein enation and trunk woody gall symptoms on citrus, has been recently reported from Iran. In the present research, biological and molecular properties of CVEV different isolates were studied. Following graft transmission of 29 CVEV iso...

Abstract The current study was carried out to investigate the effects of three KSB strains of Pantoea agglomerans, Rahnella aquatilis and Pseudomonas orientalis on nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) uptake, nutrient use efficiency parameters and nutrients remobilization in rice (Oryza sativa L. Cv. Pajohesh). A pot and a field experime...

The present study was intended to isolate potassium-solubilizing bacteria (KSB) from paddy rhizosphere soil. The isolates were obtained from 40 rice paddy fields across Mazandaran province in northern Iran and screened for their K-solubilizing ability on modified Aleksandrov agar medium. The three selected isolates which showed the best solubilisat...

Fire Blight is one of the most dangerous diseases of pome fruits in many parts of the world. The main symptoms of the diseases include blossom blight, necrosis, blackening of petiole, and necrosis and bending of twigs in a characteristic way forming the symptom known as "shepherd's crook". Citrus blast disease caused by Pseudomonas spp. is one of t...

Tobacco as a model plant (owing to certain features) is extensively used in molecular research with the aims to understand the fundamental plant and pathogen interactions. Fire blight bacterial disease of tobacco (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci (Pst)) causes considerable damage to tobacco worldwide. Induction of genes associated with virulence tha...

Induced resistance is one of the ways by which plants cope with the biotic stress. Phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) and lipoxygenase (LOX) as inducible defense enzymes, are synthesized by plant in response to biotic stress. This research was carried out with the aim of investigating the effect of Pseudomonas sp. isolates (antagonistic and inducer b...

To investigate the agents involved in the development of bacterial canker in stone fruit trees (plum, apricot, and almond) in central provinces of Iran, samples were collected. Suspected Staphylococcus strains were isolated from infected tissues. Pathogenicity tests confirmed the presence of these strains on plum branches. For molecular identificat...

In 2016-2017, Dehghan and Rahimian conducted a study isolating Staphylococcus warneri strains from branches of apricot, plum, peach, and cherry trees displaying distinctive symptoms of bacterial canker. These strains were introduced for the first time as a novel causative agent of bacterial canker. To assess the distribution of this pathogen in inf...

Plant diseases are the most critical limitation factors in agricultural products. Citrus bacterial blast disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae is one of the most common in tropical parts of the world in citrus gardens except in tropical climate. Host plants interact to bacterial pathogenes by inducing of resistance genes. Accumulation...

Expression of 3 defence genes, beta-glucanase, chitinase and PAL and factor PKY40 in response to infection of Okitsu mandarin, sour orange and limequat to the blast bacterium, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae was downregulated in the early stages of infection.

Abstract Citrus blast is a widespread disease citrus in most citrus growing areas of the world except in tropical regions. The disease is predominantly incited by strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. The reaction of the plants to infection with pathogen is manifested by metabolic changes in tissues exemplified by generation of reactive oxy...

Citrus blast is one of the most common diseases in the citrus areas except tropical regions. In Iran, the disease was reported for the first time in 1987 in Babol and Sari areas on orange branches (Citrus siencis (L.) osbeck) and C. macrophyll wester. Blast symptoms on the flattening and petiole generally appear as water-soaked leaf spots or black...

Cucumber is one of the economically important vegetables in Iran which is extensively attacked by powdery mildew. Identification and application of disease resistant genotypes is an efficient method to escape the disease epidemic. A number of 23 greenhouse and field cucumber cultivars were evaluated and screened for powdery mildew resistance and pu...

Barley is one of the most important cereals in animal nutrition and it has a role as a substitute source of wheat and rice in diet nutrition. This product is always exposed to damaging factors such as pests and diseases which lead to reduce yield and quality. The Powdery mildew agent, as a biotrophic fungus, seriously causes damage in some barley p...

Phyllody disease is a threat to sesame production in Kerman province, southeastern Iran. RFLP analysis of PCR products of phytoplasma-specific 16S rRNA gene (1.8 kb) and phylogenetic analyses of 16S-23S rDNA spacer region (SR) sequence indicated that the predominant agent associated with sesame phyllody in Kerman province is a phytoplasma with 100%...

Cucurbits powdery mildew caused by S. fuliginea is an extremely damaging disease of cucumbers highly limiting its production throughout the world. However little is investigated about factors and mechanisms involved in cucumber and S. fuliginea interaction. Amplified fragment length polymorphism based analysis of complementary DNA (cDNA-AFLP) was u...

Bacterial leaf streak caused by Xanthomonas translucens pv. undulosa (Xtu) is an important disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) worldwide. Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) play determinative roles in many of the plant diseases caused by the different species and pathovars of Xanthomonas, but their role in...

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV, genus Cucumovirus, family Bromoviridae) is a damaging pathogen of over 200 mono- and dicotyledonous crop species worldwide. From the spring of 2015 to the summer of 2016, castor bean (Ricinus communis) weeds in four commercial glasshouses around Yazd city, Iran, had symptoms suggestive of those caused by Cucumber mosaic...

Rahimian (1995) initially reported the bacterial leaf spot in Primula and subsequently identified it as Xanthomonas campestris based on the study of the 16S rRNA and ITS regions. However, further investigations utilizing sequence analysis of housekeeping genes rpoD and dnaK suggested a similarity to Xanthomonas hortorum. Despite these efforts, the...

In order to comprehensively characterize and determine the molecular diversity of Xanthomonas strains associated with leaf spot on Primula vulgaris in the Mazandaran province, plant samples exhibiting suspected symptoms were collected in the year 1395 (2016-2017). Subsequently, bacterial isolates were obtained from these samples. The pathogenicity...

In a screening by multilocus sequence analysis of Pseudomonas strains isolated from diverse origins, 4 phylogenetically closely related strains (FBF58, FBF102T, FBF103, and FBF122) formed a well-defined cluster in the Pseudomonas syringae phylogenetic group. The strains were isolated from citrus orchards in northern Iran with disease symptoms in th...