Herbert F Jelinek

• PhD, BSc(Hons, Human Genetics), GradDip(Neuroscie)
• Professor (Associate) at Charles Sturt University

Increased beat-to-beat heart rate variability (HRV) is a feature of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) who carry the G2019S mutation in the LRRK2 gene (LRRK2-PD). Since LRRK2 mutations have incomplete penetrance, HRV changes preceding PD conversion would likely be observed only in a subset of LRRK2 non-manifesting carriers (NMC). We aimed to as...

This study investigates the technology acceptance of a proposed multimodal wearable sensing framework, named mSense, within the context of non-invasive real-time neurofeedback for student stress and anxiety management. The COVID-19 pandemic has intensified mental health challenges, particularly for students. Non-invasive techniques, such as wearabl...

In response to the rising prevalence of upper-limb motor disorders, particularly in post-stroke cases, assistive technologies are being developed to enhance patient self-sufficiency. This study explored the impact of incorporating a supernumerary robotic finger (SRF) on the cortical functional connectivity during activities of daily living (ADLs)....

This study employs machine learning to detect the severity of major depressive disorder (MDD) through binary and multiclass classifications. We compared models that used only biomarkers of oxidative stress with those that incorporate sociodemographic and health-related factors. Data collected from 830 participants, based on the Patient Health Quest...

As the worldwide incidence of stroke increases, supernumerary robotic limbs (SRLs), more specifically supernumerary robotic fingers (SRFs), present a potentially effective solution for enhancing the task related functionality of the upper-limbs of stroke survivors. This study investigated the impact of an SRF use on cognitive function, employing bo...

Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a rising global health burden due to its rapidly increasing prevalence worldwide, and can result in serious complications. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to identify individuals at risk as early as possible to avoid long-term T2DM complications. In this study, we developed an interpretable machine learning...

Knee pain and injury are commonly encountered in clinical practice with many causes, including mechanical, hormonal, environmental, and anatomical factors. Changes in the central nervous system (CNS) associated with sensory, motor, and emotional processing are also typically involved. On the other hand, gait anomalies subsequent to knee injury, rec...

To explore questions asked in neuroscience, neuroscientists rely heavily on the tools available. One such toolset is ImageJ, open-source, free, biological digital image analysis software. Open-source software has matured alongside of fractal analysis in neuroscience, and today ImageJ is not a niche but a foundation relied on by a substantial number...

The chapter presents three new fractal indices (fractal fragmentation index, fractal tentacularity index, and fractal anisotropy index) and normalized Kolmogorov complexity with proven applicability in geographic research, developed by the authors, and the possibility of their future use in neuroscience. The research demonstrates the relevance of f...

Microglia and neurons live physically intertwined, intimately related structurally and functionally in a dynamic relationship in which microglia change continuously over a much shorter timescale than do neurons. Although microglia may unwind and depart from the neurons they attend under certain circumstances, in general, together both contribute to...

This chapter lays out the elementary principles of fractal geometry underpinning much of the rest of this book. It assumes a minimal mathematical background, defines the key principles and terms in context, and outlines the basics of a fractal analysis method known as box counting and how it is used to perform fractal, lacunarity, and multifractal...

Research has shown that relying only on self-reports for diagnosing psychiatric disorders does not yield accurate results at all times. The advances of technology as well as artificial intelligence and other machine learning algorithms have allowed the introduction of point of care testing (POCT) including EEG characterization and correlations with...

Background: Neurological diseases are a leading cause of disability and mortality. Gait, or human walking, is a significant predictor of quality of life, morbidity, and mortality. Gait patterns and other kinematic, kinetic, and balance gait features are accurate and powerful diagnostic and prognostic tools. Objective: This review article focuses...

SARS-CoV-2 appears to induce diverse innate and adaptive immune responses, resulting in different clinical manifestations of COVID-19. Due to their function in presenting viral peptides and initiating the adaptive immune response, certain Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA) alleles may influence the susceptibility to severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this...

Diabetes mellitus is a burdensome disease that affects various cellular functions through altered glucose metabolism. Several reports have linked diabetes to cancer development; however, the exact molecular mechanism of how diabetes-related traits contribute to cancer progression is not fully understood. The current study aimed to explore the molec...

Introduction Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder that poses a serious health concern worldwide due to its rising prevalence. Hypertension (HT) is a frequent comorbidity of T2DM, with the co-occurrence of both conditions increasing the risk of diabetes-associated complications. Inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) have been id...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.644414.].

Advances in consumer electronics, alongside the fields of microfluidics and nanotechnology have brought to the fore low-cost wearable/portable smart devices. Although numerous smart devices that track digital biomarkers have been successfully translated from bench-to-bedside, only a few follow the same fate when it comes to track traditional biomar...

Heart failure is characterized by sympathetic activation and parasympathetic withdrawal leading to an abnormal autonomic modulation. Beta-blockers (BB) inhibit overstimulation of the sympathetic system and are indicated in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction. However, the effect of beta-blocker therapy on heart failure with preser...

Context Forest loss and fragmentation pose extreme threats to biodiversity. Their efficient characterization from remotely sensed data therefore has strong practical implications. Data are often separately analyzed for spatial fragmentation and disorder, but no existing metric simultaneously quantifies both the shape and arrangement of fragments....

p>Emotion is defined (from Britannica) as a complex combination of experiences of consciousness, bodily sensation and behavior, reflecting personal significance of externally and/or internally triggered changes. As an indispensable part of human communication, emotions could be represented within the digital world as means that could control the hu...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.644414.].

Historical texts incorporate important characteristics that need to be assessed including genre, text structure and content. Often overlooked are characteristics of handwritten manuscripts commonly divided into legibility, readability and aesthetics. To determine the scientific feasibility of classification of handwritten texts an objective approac...

p>Emotion is a complex combination of experiences of consciousness, bodily sensation and behavior, reflecting personal significance of externally and/or internally triggered changes. As an indispensable part of human communication, emotions could be represented within the digital world as means that could control the human interaction with the digi...

p>Emotion is a complex combination of experiences of consciousness, bodily sensation and behavior, reflecting personal significance of externally and/or internally triggered changes. As an indispensable part of human communication, emotions could be represented within the digital world as means that could control the human interaction with the digi...

Background: Patients with severe COVID-19 are at an increased risk of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and mortality. This is due to the increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines that amplify downstream pathways that are controlled by immune regulators. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between cytokine ge...

Background As a form of the Internet of Things (IoT)–gateways, a smart helmet is one of the core devices that offers distinct functionalities. The development of smart helmets connected to IoT infrastructure helps promote connected health and safety in various fields. In this regard, we present a comprehensive analysis of smart helmet technology an...

Artifacts in the Electrocardiogram (ECG) degrade the quality of the recorded signal and are not conducive to heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. The two types of noise most often found in ECG recordings are technical and physiological artifacts. Current preprocessing methods primarily attend to ectopic beats but do not consider technical issues...

We have previously shown that the consumption of GABA-enriched oolong tea is effective in reducing stress in a student cohort. However, key constituent content has not been previously investigated, especially as applied to a standard cup of tea. Further, it has not been substantiated whether it is the suggested GABA content or other constituents th...

Background Despite evidence suggesting that excess weight is linked to gait alterations and foot disorders, its effect on peak plantar pressure (PPP) variability and complexity during walking remains poorly understood. Research question This study aimed to examine the influence of overweight (BMI ≥ 25) on the dynamic PPP distribution during gait u...

Context Deforestation remains one of the most pressing threats to biodiversity. Characterizing the resulting forest loss and fragmentation efficiently from remotely sensed data therefore has strong practical implications. Data are often separately analyzed for spatial fragmentation and disorder, but no existing metric simultaneously quantifies the...

Citrus bioflavonoids are polyphenolic plant-derived pigments found in high levels in oranges, lemons, grapefruits and other citrus fruits. The three most abundant types of citrus bioflavonoids are hesperidin, naringenin and eriocitrin. Citrus bioflavonoids have long been known to possess powerful free radical-scavenging properties and cardioprotect...

BACKGROUND Although the use of face masks has increased as a result of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, face masks have an important role in the health and industrial sectors as wearable devices. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to review the use of face masks as reported in current academic publications and in reports on commercially...

Unstructured: Face masks are an important way to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the prolonged pandemic has revealed confounding problems of the current face masks, not only the spread of the disease but also concurrent psychological, social, and economic complications. As face masks have been worn for a long time, people have been intereste...

Artifacts in the Electrocardiogram (ECG) degrade the quality of the recorded signal and are not conducive to heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. The two types of noise most often found in ECG recordings are technical and physiological artifacts. Current preprocessing methods primarily attend to ectopic beats but do not consider technical issues...

One of the most common complications during pregnancy is gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), hyperglycemia that occurs for the first time during pregnancy. The condition is multifactorial, caused by an interaction between genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for its pathogenesis remain elus...

Global and local whole genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 enables the tracing of domestic and international transmissions. We sequenced Viral RNA from 37 sampled Covid-19 patients with RT-PCR-confirmed infections across the UAE and developed time-resolved phylogenies with 69 local and 3,894 global genome sequences. Furthermore, we investigated specifi...

Risk assessments for numerous conditions can now be performed cost-effectively and accurately using emerging point of care devices coupled with machine learning algorithms. In this article, the case is advanced that point of care testing in combination with risk assessments generated with artificial intelligence algorithms, applied to universal, sc...

The heterogeneous phenotypes among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has drawn worldwide attention, especially those with severe symptoms without comorbid conditions. Immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative virus of COVID-19, occur mainly by the innate immune response via the i...

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease severity differs widely due to numerous factors including ABO gene-derived susceptibility or resistance. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of the ABO blood group and genetic variations of the ABO gene with COVID-19 severity in a heterogeneous hospital population...

Aim Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is associated with microvascular complications, including diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic nephropathy (DNp), and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). In this study, we investigated genetic variations and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with DR, DNp, DPN and their combinations among T2DM pat...

Background: Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is the gold standard for evaluating heart failure (HF) in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. It is an essential metric in categorizing HF patients as preserved (HFpEF), mid-range (HFmEF), and reduced (HFrEF) ejection fraction but differs, depending on whether the ASE/EACVI or ESC guidelines...

Background: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is prevalent in Arabian populations. Several small-scale studies have been performed to investigate the genetic basis of MetS. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine whether candidate gene polymorphisms are associated with MetS susceptibility among ethnic groups of the Arabian world and t...

Wearable sensors have made an impact on healthcare and medicine by enabling out-of-clinic health monitoring and prediction of pathological events. Further advancements made in the analysis of multimodal signals have been in emotion recognition which utilizes peripheral physiological signals captured by sensors in wearable devices. There is no unive...

Home-based self-training can be beneficial to neurocardiogenic patients, particularly for those who experience a decreased heart rate during the clinical head up tilt test (HUT). Many patients, however, may not be able to attend a clinic and/or attend clinics which lack HUT devices. Individualized heart rate prediction based on a simulated HUT (sHU...

Analysis of heart failure is important in clinical practice to ensure coronary artery disease (CAD) patients will be provided with appropriate timely treatment. The current gold-standard, echocardiography, although reliable, provides a once-off left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) measurement and does not provide information about heart functi...

Head-up tilt (HUT) testing supports the diagnosis of syncope by detecting abnormalities in heart rate and blood pressure changes. Home-based self-training can be of benefit to neurocardiogenic patients if during clinical HUT, heart rate decreases in the early stage of being in an upright position. However, HUT testing is not always possible in the...

The class I and class II Human Leucocyte Antigens (HLA) are an integral part of the host adaptive immune system against viral infections. The characterization of HLA allele frequency in the population can play an important role in determining whether HLA antigens contribute to viral susceptibility. In this regard, global efforts are currently under...

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are enzymes that are integral in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. In age or disease, ECM may become dysregulated and contribute to fibrosis, which impairs cardiac electrical conduction. Two alleles regulate matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) activity: one with five adenosine bases (5A; associated with higher M...

PurposeCardiac autonomic dysfunction in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) manifests as reduced heart rate variability (HRV). In the present study, we explored the deceleration capacity of heart rate (DC) in patients with idiopathic PD, an advanced HRV marker that has proven clinical utility.Methods Standard and advanced HRV measures derived from...

Background: Gait dysfunction or impairment is considered one of the most common and devastating physiological consequences of stroke, and achieving optimal gait is a key goal for stroke victims with gait disability along with their clinical teams. Many researchers have explored post stroke gait, including assessment tools and techniques, key gait p...

Coronavirus infections have been a part of the animal kingdom for millennia. The difference emerging in the twenty-first century is that a greater number of novel coronaviruses are being discovered primarily due to more advanced technology and that a greater number can be transmitted to humans, either directly or via an intermediate host. This has...

Analysis of heart failure is important in clinical practice to ensure coronary artery disease (CAD) patients will be provided with appropriate timely treatment. The current gold standard, echocardiography, although reliable, provides a once-off left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) measurement but does not provide information about heart functi...

The complex nature of physiological systems where multiple organs interact to form a network is complicated by direct and indirect interactions, with varying strength and direction of influence. This study proposes a novel framework which quantifies directional and pairwise couplings, while controlling for the effect of indirect interactions. Simul...

Background Prolonged electrocardiogram (ECG) QRS duration has been associated with increased cardiovascular risk. It is unclear whether the main predictor of cardiovascular risk, the Framingham risk score also predicts short-term changes in ECG QRS duration. Our aim is to determine whether baseline Framingham risk score is associated with baseline...

Background and aims Several commercially available phytosterol supplements are promoted for their cholesterol-lowering effects. However, limited information is available about their potential anti-hyperglycaemic effects. This study aimed to evaluate the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitory effects of phytosterol supplements in silico and in vi...