Hens Saputra

• Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

The use of renewable energy is critical in anticipating the rise in greenhouse gas emissions driven by growing energy consumption, which is the sector that contributes the most to global emissions (73.2%). Hydrogen and ammonia are renewable energy alternatives that can be utilized to minimize reliance on fossil fuels, which are still the world's pr...

Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) is able to produce greenhouse gas and cause environmental problems if it is not managed properly. Anaerobic digestion is an outstanding method which has been proven to effectively manage this waste. However, due to the difference in growth parameters and biological kinetics of the various microorganisms in metabolic pa...

One of the leading producers of crude palm oil (CPO) worldwide is Indonesia, with 44.5 million tons of CPO produced in 2021, resulting in the production of 28.7 million liters of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME). Given that POME has the capacity to emit 510 kg of CO2 equivalent per ton of material, its use can be advantageous to the environment, parti...

The development of controlled release fertilizer (CRF) is carried out to support the productivity of shallot by controlling the released of nutrient. CRF is a complete fertilizer contains of macro, micro, and trace element needed for the shallot. Nitrogen, Phosphate, and Potassium are the main component of the fertilizer, while others nutrient used...

Bawang merah merupakan salah satu komoditas sayuran unggulan yang memiliki nilai ekonomi yang tinggi. Data produksi bawang merah di Indonesia menunjukkan bahwa produktivitas hasil bawang merah tersebut masih dapat ditingkatkan. Pemupukan merupakan salah satu alternatif solusi untuk meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman. Efisiensi pemupukan harus ditin...

Some studies showed that ash from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch has relatively high potassium and other minerals and is commonly used directly for soil improver. In this work, we studied the production and characterization of ash from gasification of oil palm empty fruit bunch to produce NPK fertilizer. Oil Palm EFB ash produced from various gasificat...

The scope of this chapter is focused on the commercial production of the slow and controlled release fertilizer using the encapsulation and hydrophobic methods. The first method is carried out by adding a low solubility layer on the fertilizer granule surface to control the dissolution of the nutrients, with the coating in the form of organic and i...

The non‐halogen UPR‐based fire retardant composites are successfully made by combining the hydroxide additives and carbon black. The composites are synthesized by varying the concentration of carbon black (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 % wt) respectively, at the constant concentration of Al(OH)3 40 % wt, and Mg(OH)2 10 % wt. The flammability of fire retardant co...

Energy demands have increased substantially over the last decade and consequently alternative energy sources are becoming a greater necessity. Therefore researchers are focus-sing on the development of processes and technologies that are environmentally-friendly, whilst ensuring reasonable standards of living throughout our world. Biomass is one of...

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel that can be renewed and is more environmentally friendly. In this study, biodiesel was produced from used cooking oil (UCO) through saponification and transesterification reaction. Furthermore, hydrodeoxygenation was carried out over NiMo/ɣ-Al2O3 catalyst in batch autoclave reactor to produce green diesel. The react...

Synthesis gas, also known as syngas, produced from biomass materials has been identified as a potential source of renewable energy. Syngas mainly consists of CO and H2, which can be as raw materials for methanol synthesis using a catalyst in a fixed bed reactor. In recent times, methanol production has been significantly augmented in energy and che...

Biochar is a solid material produced by thermochemical conversion of biomass under oxygen-limited conditions. It has a wide surface and contains many pores so that it can be used as a material for making fertilizer. Biochar based slow release NPK fertilizer was formulated and developed to reduce nutrient leaching and greenhouse gas emissions. In th...

Production of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) is increasing from year to year and is predicted to reach 41.6 million tons per year in 2018. Each ton of CPO will produce 3,28 m3 of POME during the production process. Improper handling of POME, besides causing soil pollution and flying, will release methane gas that categorized as GHG. BPPT cooperate with PTPN...

Telah dilakukan penelitian pengaruh zirconium dalam perbaikan stabilitas silika molecular sieve dalam larutan basa. Struktur molecular sieve yang dibuat adalah hexagonal MCM-41 yang memiliki luas permukaan 1200 m2/g. Pembuatan bahan silika MCM-41 dilakukan menggunakan campuran larutan cethyltrimetilammonium bromida (CTAB), tetraethylorthosilikat (T...

Membran reaktor merupakan konsep perpaduan dari sistem reaksi dan proses pemisahan/pemurnian. Membran ini disebut juga sebagai membran katalis atau sistem katalis-membran. Dengan membran reaktor ini diharapkan konversi suatu reaksi dapat ditingkatkan dan diperoleh suatu produk yang memiliki tingkat kemurnian lebih tinggi. Sebagai katalis digunakan...

MFI is a structure of aluminosilicate zeolite mineral belonging to the pentasil family of zeolites. The current paper focuses on preparation of MFI zeolite from coal fly ash by hydrothermal process. Coal fly ash was utilized as the sources of silica. The as-synthesized zeolite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) to identify the structure a...

Biomass syngas as the intermediate product of utilization biomass to liquid fuel, bio-methanol. The syngas production itself was conducted due to its environmentally clean fuel and reducing greenhouse effect. The syngas was subject to low cost catalytic methanol synthesis assessment in term of low pressure and low temperature using high local conte...

Char resulted from the gasification of empty fruit bunch (EFB) is a potential source of some components that can be used as a material in the production of NPK fertilizer. Beside that char also has a porous surface which allows it to hold the nutrients in fertilizer so that the utilization of char can give the positive effects to the availability o...

ZSM-5 has been successfully synthesized by seeding method using coal bottom ash and rice husk as the sources of silica and alumina.Synthesis ZSM-5 were performed by the hydrothermal method in autoclave autogenous at 180 °C for 36 h with molar ratio 10Na : 50SiO : 2Al2O3 : 500H2O with the addition of ZSM-5 commercial as seed. In this experiments, in...

Bawang merah merupakan salah satu komoditas pertanian yang menjadi perhatian pada saat ini untuk ditingkatkan produksinya dalam rangka mendukung program ketahanan pangan nasional. Upaya meningkatkan produksi pertanian membutuhkan dukungan pupuk yang sesuai dengan kaidah spesifikasi lokasi dan komoditas tanaman. Inovasi pupuk CRF yang dibuat dengan...

Etilen sebagai produk petrokimia yang penting dapat dibuat dari bioetanol menggunakan katalis ZSM5. Zeolit sintetis ZSM5 dapat dibuat menggunakan zeolit alam yang banyak tersedia di Indonesia. Proses pembuatan ZSM5 menggunakan metode hidrotermal pada temperatur 180°C selama 24 jam. Sebagai agen pengarah terbentuknya struktur ZSM-5 tersebut digunaka...

Battery is the most important component in the sub marine energy system. Up to now, majority of the sub marine are still using lead acid battery as the power source or propulsion, due to more safe in application as very high capacity of single cell (i.e. 10.000 – 15.000 Ah). The drawbacks of aqueous based battery, which utilize liquid electrolyte,...

Telah dilakukan penelitian penggunaan material aluminasilikat MCM-41 sebagai adsorben limbah cair tapioka. Dalam penelitian ini dipelajari permodelan isotermal dan kinetika adsorpsi dari material MCM-41 pada proses adsorpsi limbah cair tapioka. Isotermal Langmuir dan Freundlich digunakan sebagai permodelan isotermal data penelitian. Dari data penel...

Molecular sieve titanium silika heksagonal dapat digunakan untuk memurnikan larutan yang bersifat azeotrop dan sulit dilakukan menggunakan metode lain. Molecular sieve titanium silika heksagonal ini dibuat dengan proses hidrotermal pada suhu 100 °C dengan menggunakan surfaktan kationik cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) sebagai bahan organic tem...

Abstrak Membran reaktor merupakan konsep perpaduan dari sistem reaksi dan proses pemisahan/pemurnian. Membran ini disebut juga sebagai membran katalis atau sistem katalis-membran. Dengan membran reaktor ini diharapkan konversi suatu reaksi dapat ditingkatkan dan diperoleh suatu produk yang memiliki tingkat kemurnian lebih tinggi. Sebagai katalis...

A zinc–air cell utilizing an inorganic MCM-41 membrane separator, in its dry form, reveals a unique behavior in response to relative humidity variation. The open circuit voltage (OCV) of the cell shows a linear dependence on relative humidity content. This is due to water adsorption–desorption characteristics of the mesoporous MCM-41 material. Comp...

This work explores the use of metal-air electrochemical system to evaluate porous electrode properties i.e. specific surface area and pore volume density. Porous zinc electrodes are prepared from an acidic, chloride electrolytic bath of varying supporting electrolyte (NH4Cl) formulation to produce electrodeposits of distinctive properties. Nitrogen...

We investigate Zn/MnO2 Leclanché cell employing inorganic MCM-41 membrane separator. MCM-41 membrane is developed onto zinc anode substrate from dip coating procedure, performed at room temperature. The parent solution for synthesis consisted of quarternary ammonium surfactant, cethyltrimethylammonium bromide C16H33(CH3)3NBr (CTAB) as the organic t...

High silica MFI zeolite membrane was synthesized by hydrothermal method at 313 K on asymetri pore structure alpha alumina substrate, utilizing natural rice husk as the sources of silica. The top layer of substrate was about 0.1 µm. The calcination was conducted at 773 K to remove the organic template. This membrane has a good stability at high temp...

MCM-41 material, prepared by sol–gel method, reveals gel-like properties in a caustic alkaline environment, i.e., 6 M potassium hydroxide (KOH) electrolyte. The gellation of MCM-41 starts at a KOH weight ratio of 40 wt.%. The structural change of the material is verified with X-Ray diffractograms and supported by observation using Scanning Electron...

High discharge rate zinc electrode is prepared from electrodeposition process. The electrolytic bath consists of zinc chloride as the metal source and ammonium chloride as the supporting electrolyte. The concentration of the supporting electrolyte is varied from zero until 4 M, while the concentration of zinc chloride is fixed at 2 M. The aim is to...

Zinc/MCM-41/air cell, in its dry form without the electrolyte, demonstrates humidity sensing property. A good linear correlation between the cell's open circuit voltage (OCV) and the relative humidity content is observed. The system possesses the potential to be developed into a low cost microhumidity sensor. An ultra thin cell of thickness not mor...

An ultrathin, high energy density zinc-air cell has been developed for potential application in microsystems. The key design feature is the utilisation of an inorganic MCM-41 membrane material with three-in-one functional elements. It serves as an insulating layer between the electrodes, as ionic exchange channels and as an electrolyte reservoir ma...

The efficacy of nanoporous inorganic MCM-41 membrane as a new separator material for electrochemical cell has been investigated. The hexagonally ordered, narrow pore structure of MCM-41 membrane serves as ion exchange channels between the anolyte and catholyte of an electrochemical cell. Besides, it also acts as the electrolyte matrix or reservoir...

A high energy density, Zn/MCM-41/O2 microbattery of 1.5 V, measured 1 cm2 area and 100 μm thick, was able to produce current as high as 27 mA. The electrochemical system is popularly dubbed as breathing battery since it utilizes oxygen from ambient air, which is free, unlimited, and does not requires storage. A novel nanoporous inorganic MCM-41 mat...

As compared to a large spectrum of performance optimizations, relatively little effort has been dedicated to optimize other aspects of embedded applications such as memory space requirements, power, real-time predictability, and reliability. In particular, many modern embedded systems operate under tight memory space constraints. One way of satisfy...

As compared to a large spectrum of performance optimizations, relatively little effort has been dedicated to optimize other aspects of embedded applications such as memory space requirements, power, real-time predictability, and reliability. In particular, many modern embedded systems operate under tight memory space constraints. One way of satisfy...

As embedded systems are being used in a wide variety of critical applications, providing security to data stored and processed in these systems has become an important issue. However, providing security incurs performance and power overheads that need to be limited in resource-constrained embedded environments. Consequently, architectural support t...

While the machine neutral Java bytecodes are attractive for code distribution in the highly heterogeneous embedded domain, the well-documented and standardized features also make it difficult to protect these codes. In fact, there are several tools to reverse engineer Java bytecodes. The focus of this work is the design of a substitution-based byte...

Communication is an important factor in determining the energy consumption in distributed sensor applications [4]. Energy consumed by transmitting data wirelessly over 10 to 100m range has been found to consume as much energy as thousands of operations. Further, the overwhelming volume of sensed information and the need to aggregate data from the d...

Mesoporous silica containing zirconium (Zr-MCM-48) membranes were synthesized on a porous alumina support. The Zr-MCM-48 membranes showed high stability in the alkaline solution of pH 12, indicating that only 3 % of Zr effectively enhanced the alkaline resistance. The permeation of gases through the calcined Zr-MCM-48 membrane was governed by the K...

Smart cards are vulnerable to both noninvasive attacks using power and timing measurements to extract the cryptographic key. The power measurement techniques rely on the data-dependent energy behaviour of the underlying system. Further, power analysis can be used to identify the specific portions of the program being executed to induce timing glitc...

Minimizing energy consumption is important for prolonging the life of battery-powered sensor nodes. A major portion of a sensor power budget in a distributed sensor network is consumed by communication with adjacent nodes. Another issue with the communication of data among the sensor nodes is the possibility of leaking confidential sensed data to a...

Smart cards are vulnerable to both invasive and non-invasive attacks. Specifically, non-invasive attacks using power and timing measurements to extract the cryptographic key has drawn a lot of negative publicity for smart card usage. The power measurement techniques rely on the data-dependent energy behavior of the underlying system. Further, power...

Minimizing energy consumption is important for prolonging the life of battery-powered sensor nodes. A major portion of a sensor power budget in a distributed sensor network is consumed by communication with other adjacent nodes. Another issue with the communication of data among the sensor nodes is the possibility of leaking confidential sensed dat...

Zirconium-containing mesoporous silica (Zr-MCM-48) membranes were synthesized on a porous alumina support from an aqueous solution containing tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), zirconium propoxide (ZrPr) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (C16TAB). The Zr-MCM-48 membranes show high resistance in alkaline solutions at pH 9–12 although the structure of...

Smart cards are vulnerable to both invasive and non-invasive attacks. Specifically, non-invasive attacks using power and timing measurements to extract the cryptographic key has drawn a lot of negative publicity for smart card usage. The power measurement techniques rely on the data-dependent energy behavior of the underlying system. Further, power...

Smart cards are vulnerable to both invasive and non-invasive attacks. Specifically, non-invasive attacks using power and timing measurements to extract the cryptographic key has drawn a lot of negative publicity for smart card usage. The power measurement techniques rely on the data-dependent energy behavior of the underlying system. Further, power...

Classical compiler optimizations assume a fixed cache architecture and modify the program to take best advantage of it. In some cases, this may not be the best strategy because each loop nest might work best with a different cache configuration and transforming a nest for a given fixed cache configuration may not be possible due to data dependences...

As energy consumption has become a major constraint in current system design, it is essential to look beyond the tra-ditional low-power circuit and architectural optimizations. Further, software is becoming an increasing portion of em-beddeddportable systems. Consequently, optimizing the soft-ware in conjunction with the underlying low-power hardwa...