Hemanth Kumar Kandikattu

Patulin, a mycotoxin produced by fungal species, is found in fruits and their derivatives. Exposure to it can lead to cognitive deficits and neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding its mechanisms is crucial for assessing risks in food, emphasizing the need for strict food safety regulations to protect public health. In this study SH-SY5Y, a huma...

The current report describes a stepwise mechanistic pathway of NLRP3/caspase1/IL-18-regulated immune responses operational in eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). We show that esophageal epithelial cells and macrophage-derived NLRP3 regulated IL-18 initiate the disease and induced IL-5 facilitates eosinophil growth and survival. We also found that A. fu...

Lung injury is the most common secondary complication of pancreatitis and pancreatic malignancy. Around 60-70% of pancreatitis-related deaths are caused by lung injury; however, there is no animal model of the inflammation-mediated progressive pulmonary pathological events that contribute to acute lung injury in chronic pancreatitis (CP). Hence, we...

Purpose of Review We highlight important new findings on cardiovascular dysfunction in intrauterine growth restriction. Recent Findings Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a multifactorial condition which negatively impacts neonatal growth during pregnancy and is associated with health problems during the lifespan. It affects 5–15% of all pr...

Aims Development and characterization of novel chronic eosinophilic inflammation-mediated murine model of malignant pancreatitis Background Despite the fact that patients with chronic pancreatitis are at a greater risk of developing pancreatic cancer, there is no definitive mouse model that develops chronic pancreatitis-induced pancreatic cancer c...

Background: Since time immemorial, humans have identified several herbs to treat various ailments. With the advancement of science and state-of-the-art technologies, different herbal extracts and chemical constituents of herbs were identified as therapeutic targets. Cyperus rotundus, also called mustaka, is one of the most ancient herbs widely dist...

Objectives: Investigate the molecules involved in development of Barrett's esophagus (BE) in human EoE. Methods: Histopathological, immunohistochemical, real-time PCR and ELISA analyses are performed to identify the signature genes and proteins involved in the progression of BE in EoE. Results: We detected characteristic feature of BE like int...

RATIONALE: Recently, we reported IL-18 transformed CD274 expressing pathogenic eosinophils; but the role of IL-18-transformed pathogenic eosinophils compare to IL-5 generated eosinophils in promoting airway obstruction is yet not examined in asthma. Therefore, we tested the hypothesize that the IL-18 transformed CD274+ expressing pathogenic eosinop...

The study was designed to evaluate the anti-fatigue activity and biochemical effects of nootkatone in Balb-C mice. Thirty-six mice weighing 33- 41g were randomly divided into six groups; 1) sedentary group, 2) sedentary group fed with 50 mg/kg nootkatone, 3) control group (exercise control), 4) exercise with 10mg/kg nootkatone group, 5) exercise wi...

Background IL‐5‐dependent residential and IL‐18‐transformed pathogenic eosinophils have been reported; however, the role of IL‐18‐transformed CD274‐expressing pathogenic eosinophils compared to IL‐5‐generated eosinophils in promoting airway obstruction in asthma has not yet been examined. Methods Eosinophils are detected by tissue anti‐MBP and ant...

Many aspects of the SARS-CoV-2 virus remain poorly understood, including its rapid mutation and its effects on populations of different ages. The present literature of review is focused on the effectiveness of current available vaccines in view of immerging several SARS-CoV-2 variants. The most dangerous and infectious SARS-CoV-2 strain, B117, was...

Reports indicate that accumulated macrophages in the pancreas are responsible for promoting the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis (CP). Recently, macrophage-secreted cytokines have been implicated in promoting pancreatic acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM). This study aims to establish the role of accumulated macrophage-activated NLRP3-IL-18-eosin...

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is often misdiagnosed as GERD; therefore, the goal of the current study is to establish a non-invasive diagnostic and monitoring biomarker that differentiated GERD from EoE. Reports indicates that IL-15 responsive iNKT cells and tissue specific IgE have a critical in EoE pathogenesis, not in GERD. Therefore, we tested...

Patients with chronic pancreatitis have an increased risk of pancreatic malignancy, but the mechanisms underlying this relationship are poorly understood. We developed a mouse model of chronic pancreatitis by treatment with a combination of cerulein and azoxymethane. In our model, we show that cerulein and azoxymethane treated mice develop patholog...

Eosinophils comprise approximately 1–4% of total blood leukocytes that reside in the intestine, bone marrow, mammary gland, and adipose tissues to maintain innate immunity in healthy individuals. Eosinophils have four toxic granules known as major basic protein (MBP), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), and eosinophil-de...

Eosinophils are a common clinical feature associated with chronic allergic diseases, and elemental diets, systemic steroids, anti‐IL‐5 and anti‐IL‐13 treatment have shown some therapeutic promise. Herein, we present evidence that pre‐ and post‐intraperitoneal administration of tacrolimus (FK506) is very effective in reducing CCR3/Siglec‐F⁺ eosinoph...

Eosinophils are an important subtype of leukocytes derived from bone marrow multipotent hematopoietic stem cells and represent about 1% of leukocytes in circulating blood. In homeostatic conditions, eosinophils reside in the intestine to maintain the balance of immune responses by communicating with gut microbes without causing inflammation. Howeve...

We recently rereported that blood mRNA levels of T cells and IgE receptors are the novel non-invasive biomarkers for eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) with the aim to establish the panel of T cells and IgE receptor as the novel non-invasive biomarkers for EoE. In addition to earlier proposed cell surface molecules, we now added T cell receptor CXCR6 a...

Aims In the present study we aimed to investigate Neuroprotective Effects of Nardostachys jatamansi Against BSO Induced Anxiety in Mice. Background Oxidative stress is implicated in nervous system impairment and development of anxiety-like disorders. There is an immediate surge for identification of herbal supplements to treat oxidative stress med...

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pulmonary inflammatory disease induced by a newly recognized coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 infection was detected for the first time in the city of Wuhan in China and spread all over the world at the beginning of 2020. Several millions of people have be...

Pancreatic cancer is one of the low vascular permeable tumors with a high mortality rate. The five-year survival period is ~5%. The field of drug delivery is at its pace in developing unique drug delivery carriers to treat high mortality rate cancers such as pancreatic cancer. Theranostic nanoparticles are the new novel delivery carriers where the...

Pancreatitis is a fibro-inflammatory disorder of the pancreas that can occur acutely or chronically as a result of activation of digestive enzymes that damage pancreatic cells which promotes inflammation. Chronic pancreatitis with persistent inflammation of the pancreas progresses to pancreatic cancer, which is the fourth leading causes of cancer d...

Diatoms are eukaryotic, photosynthetic microalgae, primary producer of organic matters in aquatic environments, known for high content of carotenoids and ω-3 fatty acids. In this study, bioactive volatile compounds of hexane extract of freshwater diatom, Nitzschia palea (Kützing) W. Smith 1856, Bacillariophyceae, were identified using gas chromatog...

Humans experience different kinds of stress as a part of the day to day activity. The manifestation of stress will aggravate based on the physical conditions of individuals and due to their socio-economic situation of living. Herbal extracts have long been used in the traditional systems of medicine for the treatment of various ailments because of...

Objectives: Pancreatic malignancy is a major public health problem worldwide and recent reports indicated that pancreatic cancer will be second most common cause of cancer-related deaths by the end of 2021. The cause of increasing death rate is due to the nonexistence of detection tools to early diagnose, poor prognosis, resistance to chemotherapy...

Rice blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is a seed borne which occurs in all rice growing regions of the country (India) causing yield losses up to 40%. In the present study, we report the efficacy of different bacterial strains through seed priming in reducing the blast disease severity under in vitro, in vivo and field conditions. In vitro...

Background and aim: IgE-mediated immune responses contribute to the pathogenesis of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). Interleukin (IL)-4 is a well-established cytokine involved in B cell activation, immunoglobulin (Ig) E production and isotype class switching. Earlier reports indicated that IL-15, B cells and IgE are induced in EoE pathogenesis. The...

Eosinophils are circulating granulocytes that have pleiotropic effects in response to inflammatory signals in the body. In response to allergens or pathogens, exposure eosinophils are recruited in various organs that execute pathological immune responses. IL-5 plays a key role in the differentiation, development, and survival of eosinophils. Eosino...

Plant metabolites are important for both plant life and human nutrition. However, the genetic control of plant metabolome remains largely unknown. Here, we performed a genetic analysis of the different rice metabolome and isozymes which are highly versatile and non-destructive as bio-markers. Five isozymes peroxidase, catalase, malate dehydrogenase...

Baseline eosinophils reside in the gastrointestinal tract; however, in several allergic disorders, excessive eosinophils accumulate in the blood as well in the tissues. Recently, we showed in vitro that interleukin (IL)‐18 matures and transforms IL‐5‐generated eosinophils into the pathogenic eosinophils that are detected in human allergic diseases....

Camptothecin, a pyrroloquinoline alkaloid, is one of the most promising anti-cancer drugs. Although this compound has been reported to exist in several species, the highest concentration (about 0.30%) has been reported from Nothapodytes nimmoniana. In this study, we described the dynamics of camptothecin and methoxy camptothecin accumulation during...

Abstract RATIONALE: Endogenous IL-15-deficiency promotes lung fibrosis; therefore, we examined the effect of induced IL-15 in restricting the progression of lung fibrosis. OBJECTIVE: Establish a novel therapeutic molecule for pulmonary fibrosis Method. Western blot, qPCR and ELISA analyses were performed on the lung tissues of IL-15-deficient mice...

Tacrolimus has been used to prevent allograft rejection and also used in kidney, liver and heart transplantations. Various preclinical and clinical studies demonstrated that Tacrolimus possess immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. The mechanism of action of Tacrolimus in allergic diseases involves calcineurin inhibition, and downregula...

Asthma is a pulmonary disease in which airways narrow and swell and produce excessive mucus, which impacts the breathing of an individual. Asthma affects over 15 million individuals in the United States. Asthma is characterized by systemic and chronic inflammation and oxidative stress of the lungs. Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the prog...

Obesity and heightened activity of the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) are known risk factors for kidney injury and proteinuria. Progression of kidney injury occurs due to increase in inflammation, tubulointerstitial fibrosis and loss of nephron mass. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibition has been shown to improve proteinuria in both...

Recently we reported that the cytoplasmic adapter molecule TRAF3 Interacting Protein 2 (TRAF3IP2) is a major mediator of myocardial inflammation, hypertrophy, fibrosis, and dysfunction induced by chronic activation of the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system. Whether TRAF3IP2 and its downstream intermediates contribute to western diet (WD)‐induced...

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by increased accumulation of fat in liver, along with inflammation and fibrosis. During liver fibrosis development, there is a shift in the intrahepatic balance where extracellular matrix accumulation exceeds its degradation, resulting in excessive collagen deposition. Reversion‐inducing‐cysteine...

Nardostachys jatamansi has profound applications against pharmacological interventions and is categorized as a hypno-sedative drug according to Ayurveda. In the present study probable mechanism of anxiolytic action of Nardostachys jatamansi extract (NJE) was studied using behavioral anxiolytic tests (Elevated plus maze, Open field test, Light dark...

Pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease characterized by the induction of several pro-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-1β, and IL-1. Recently, a multifunctional innate cytokine IL-15 has been implicated in the protection of several diseases including cancer. Tissue fibrosis is one of the major problems to treat successfully...

Background and objective: A steep rise in the incidences of neurodegenerative disorders could be the combined effect of several non-genetic factors such as increased life expectancy, environmental pollutants, lifestyle, and dietary habits, as population-level genetic change require multiple generations. Emerging evidence suggests that chronic over...

Nanotechnology can be an excellent tool for increasing the absorption of iron. Soon iron-deficiency anemia will become a part of history in all nations, developing as well as developed. However, there are several questions that need to be answered before one can embark on such a mission. First, at present there are only a few studies reported in li...

Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is a major disease. In the present study, we aimed to identify and evaluate the novel bacterial isolates from rice rhizosphere for biocontrol of M. oryzae pathogen. Sixty bacterial strains from the rice plant’s rhizosphere were tested for their biocontrol activity against M. oryzae under in vitro and in vivo....

Herbal medicines are known to mitigate radical induced cell damage. Hence identification and scientific validation of herbal medicines contribute to better use in Ayurvedic/Unani research. In the present study, we investigated antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties of Convolvulus pluricaulis (C. pluricaulis). C. pluricaulis exhibited antioxidant...

A significant amount of correlational evidence has linked increased levels of IL-18 with allergic diseases in both human and animal models, and, as mast cells are major mediators of allergies, we hypothesized that IL-18 may have a role in mast cell biology. Rationale for our hypothesis is based on the evidence that IL-3 deficient mice are not devoi...

Smoke induced oxidative stress is known to cause various cancers and associated health problems including lung cancer. Herbal extracts have been reported as antioxidant supplements which attenuate free radical induced oxidative damage of tissues, among which Ocimum sanctum has been reported as the elixir of life due to its innumerable health benefi...

Hyperglycemia-induced production of endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a hallmark of endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. While the detrimental vascular effects of increased ET-1 are well-known, the molecular mechanisms regulating endothelial synthesis of ET-1 in the setting of diabetes remain largely unidentified. Here we show that adapter molecule TRAF3 Inte...

Elleteria repens is a large cardamom used in the culinary preparations. In the present study, we have evaluated in vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities E. repens hexane extract (ERH) exhibited DPPH and metal chelating activity with IC50 values of 464 ± 28.3 μg/ml, 199 ± 7.2 μg/ml whereas the reducing power and antioxidant activi...

Background Diastolic dysfunction (DD), a hallmark of obesity and primary defect in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, is a predictor of future cardiovascular events. We previously reported that linagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, improved DD in Zucker Obese rats, a genetic model of obesity and hypertension. Here we investi...

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by increased accumulation of fat in liver, along with inflammation and fibrosis. During liver fibrosis development, there is a shift in the intrahepatic balance where extracellular matrix accumulation exceeds its degradation, resulting in excessive collagen deposition. Reversion-inducing-cysteine...

Obesity and heightened activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) are known risk factors for kidney injury and proteinuria. Progression of kidney injury occurs due to increase in inflammation, tubulointerstitial fibrosis and loss of nephron mass. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibition has been shown to improve proteinuria in both...

Recently we reported that the cytoplasmic adapter molecule TRAF3 Interacting Protein 2 (TRAF3IP2) is a major mediator of myocardial inflammation, hypertrophy, fibrosis, and dysfunction induced by chronic activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Whether TRAF3IP2 and its downstream intermediates contribute to western diet (WD)-induced...

Hypobaric hypoxia leads to decrease in cellular oxygen content which subsequently damages the hippocampus with an increase in brain oxidative stress and impairs the memory of the individual. In the present study, we have evaluated the cognitive impairment modulating activity of total oligomeric flavonoids fraction of Cyperus rotundus (TOF) in Sprag...

based on evidences gathered using scientific methods. Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera L.) is a traditional medicinal herb used in the treatment of various ailments. Objective: In current study we have evaluated the acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibitory and antioxidant potential of Ashwagandha root extract (ARE) in in-vitro and ex-vivo models to...

Re-establishing blood supply is the primary goal for reducing myocardial injury in subjects with ischemic heart disease. Paradoxically, reperfusion results in oxidative stress and a marked inflammatory response in the heart. TRAF3IP2 (TRAF3 Interacting Protein 2; previously known as CIKS or Act1) is an oxidative stress-responsive cytoplasmic adapte...

Asparagus racemosus (Asparagaceae) commonly called Shatavari in India is a well known plant for its effects on the female reproductive system and more often used to treat gastrointestinal disorders in Australia. The aim of the present study was to analyze the chemical composition of the roots of Asparagus racemosus by GC–MS method. The roots were w...

TRAF3IP2 (TRAF3 interacting protein 2; previously known as CIKS or Act1) is a key intermediate in the normal inflammatory response and the pathogenesis of various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Induction of TRAF3IP2 activates IκB kinase (IKK)/NF-κB, JNK/AP-1, and c/EBPβ and stimulates the expression of various inflammatory mediators with neg...

The overall goals of this study were to investigate whether metformin exerts anti-fibrotic effects in Aldosterone+salt-treated wild type mouse hearts, and determine the underlying molecular mechanisms in isolated adult cardiac fibroblasts. In vitro, Aldo induced CF activation, migration, and proliferation, and these effects were inhibited by metfor...

In the present investigation, we identified the phytochemical constituents of total oligomeric flavonoid fraction (TOF) of Cyperus rotundus by LC-ESI-MS/MS and also demonstrated its antihemolytic effects against 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) induced hemolysis of rat erythrocytes. Our results of TOF extract exhibited DPPH, met...

Introduction: The present study was designed to investigate the in vitro antioxidant and macromolecule damage protective effects of Asparagus racemosus water (AWE) and methanolic (AME) fractions of roots. Methods: The in vitro antioxidant activity of AWE/AME was estimated by free radical scavenging assays. The DNA damage of HT29 and C2C12 cells was...

The study aimed at analyzing the metabolite profile of Nardostachys jatamansi using RP-HPLC, GC-MS and also its antioxidant, biomolecule protective and cytoprotective properties. The 70% ethanolic extract of Nardostachys jatamansi (NJE) showed the presence of polyphenols and flavonoids (gallic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, homovanillin, epicate...

Identification, exploration and scientific validation of antioxidant rich herbal extracts to mitigate the radical induced cell damage provide new insights in the field of ayurvedic research/therapies. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic potential of Celastrus paniculatus seed extract (CPSE) against tertiary butyl...

In the present study, we identified the chemical constituents of 70% hydroalcoholic fraction of Picrorhiza kurroa by LC–ESI–MS/MS which showed the presence of iridoid glucosides such as picroside I, picroside II, picroside III, picroside IV, kutkoside, pikuroside and flavonoids like apocynin and vanillic acid. P. kurroa exhibited DPPH radical scave...

Herbal extracts have been reported as alternate therapies for the treatment of psychiatric disorders and its associated oxidative stress. In the present study we investigated the phytochemical constituents of Ocimum gratissimum leaf 70% ethanolic fraction (OGE) by LC-ESI–MS/MS which showed a variety of compounds that include polyphenols, flavonoids...

Celastrus paniculatus has been reported as neuroprotective, hypolipidemic and also enhances swimming time but the molecular mechanism of action of swimming endurance has not been reported. Preliminarily we identified the metabolites of C. paniculatus seed extract (CPSE) by GC-MS which revealed the presence of sesquiterpenes and esters. Further we s...

Asparagus racemosus (Asparagaceae) is one of the most frequently used herb in Indian traditional medicine. The objective of the present study was, phytochemical screening of methanolic extract of roots of A. racemosus. The collected roots were washed, shade dried, powdered and stored in air tight container. The dried powdered material was extracted...

Oxidative stress mediates the cell damage in several ailments including neurodegenerative conditions. Ocimum sanctum is widely used in Indian ayurvedic medications to cure various ailments. The present study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant activity and neuroprotective effects of hydroalcoholic extract of O. sanctum (OSE) on hydrogen...

Nitrosylation of tyrosine (3-nitro tyrosine, 3-NT) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of various disorders particularly neurodegenerative conditions and ageing. Cyperus rotundus rhizome is being used as a traditional folk medicine to alleviate a variety of disorders including neuronal stress. The herb has recently found applications in food...

Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), a major reactive oxygen species produced during oxidative stress, has been implicated in the pathophysiology of various neurodegenerative conditions. Cyperus rotundus is a traditional medicinal herb that has recently found applications in food and confectionary industries. In the current study, the neuroprotective effe...

Cardiospermum halicacabum L. is a wild medicinal plant distributed in Eswaramala forests of Anantapur District of Andhra Pradesh, used against ailments like skin diseases by the local people. In the present paper, plant extracts obtained from the aerial parts of Cardiospermum halicacabum when tested for their antimicrobial activity against six bact...