Helmut Freitag

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• Prof. Dr.
• Professor Emeritus at University of Kassel

[No abstract. The following is a brief summary of the proposal]: A formal proposal to conserve the name Soda (Dumort.) Fourr. against Sevada Moq. The issue of typification and, consequently, proper taxonomic application, of the genus name Salsola L. is briefly discussed from the viewpoint of current molecular phylogenetic data. The earliest generic...

Abstract Suaeda iranshahrii Akhani & Freitag, previous specimens cited as S. maritima, is described as a new species of sect. Brezia endemic to the coasts of the Persian Gulf; it is subdivided into the type variety distributed along the Persian side and var. arabica Freitag from the Arabian shore. The new species is named in honour of Dr. Musa Iran...

The problem of the natural vegetation in the driest part of SE-Spain, which has been a controversial subject since Wrlr,rouu (1852, 1896) has been studied on the base of intensive geobotanical fieldwork undertaken in 1963 and 1964. The area consists of a coastal belt of about 300 km length and a medium width of 20-40 km and is located in the provin...

The holotype of Chenopodium baryosmon (Chenopodiaceae), described by Schultes in 1820 and now treated as a synonym of Caroxylon imbricatum, has been discovered in the historical Turczaninow herbarium at KW (National Herbarium of Ukraine, Kyiv). The lectotype designation by Botschantzev (1975) is thus superseded following Art. 9.19 of the ICN. The s...

A nomenclatural study of the names linked to the critical Caroxylon imbricatum is presented. The names Chenopodium baryosmon, Salsola foetida var. gaetula, S. foetida var. glabrescens, S. foetida var. hirtipetala, S. foetida var. scopiformis, and S. imbricata were studied. Salsola foetida Delile ex Sprengel is lectotypified on a specimen preserved...

Proof of the genetic differentiation in the Salsola divaricata aggregate by Genotyping-by-Sequencing approach

Suaeda glauca is separated off from sect. Schanginia and classified in the revived monotypic sect. Helicilla. Morphologically it is characterized by dimorphic fruits and seeds, with the fruits bearing flat seeds being strongly carinate and obconical, and the sub-spherical seeds of the globular fruits having a prominent honeycomb-like pattern caused...

The name Salicornia cuscoensis given to a plant from high Andean saltmarshes near Cusco [Cuzco] and Ayacucho, Peru (South America) is validated by a diagnosis and description. The main morphological characters that separate S. cuscoensis from other closely related species are creeping habit, delicate branches, inflorescence of short and thin spikes...

The article provides an analysis of the current situation with lectotypification of the generic name Salsola L. (Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae sensu APG) and recent nomenclatural “resurrection” of the generic name Kali Mill., following molecular phylogenetic findings. Here we present additional arguments in favor of our recent nomenclatural proposal...

While many C4 lineages have Kranz anatomy around individual veins, Salsoleae have evolved the Salsoloid Kranz anatomy where a continuous dual layer of chlorenchyma cells encloses the vascular and water-storage tissue. With the aim of elucidating the evolution of C4 photosynthesis in Salsoleae, a broadly sampled molecular phylogeny and anatomical su...

Some exceptional collections of Libyan Flora are conserved in the Herbarium Centrale Italicum and Webb Herbarium, for the most part collected by Renato Pampanini and R.E.G. Pichi Sermolli in the 20th century, but also by other great botanists both Italian and of other nationalities. Their studies led to the descriptions of a remarkable number of ne...

The nomenclatural history of the genus Pteranthus (Caryophyllaceae) is reviewed. Original material of Camphorosma pteranthus and Pteranthus dichotomus came from a single gathering made by Forsskål in the desert outside Cairo, Egypt, in March 1762. The original material of C. pteranthus was grown from seed collected with the herbarium material of P....

Suaeda subg. Brezia (Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae) comprises ~45 halophytic species distributed worldwide along coastlines and in saline inland habitats. Thirteen species are currently accepted from the Americas, but species delimitation is difficult due to the scarcity of distinguishing characters. Little is known yet about phylogenetic relationsh...

As part of a revision of the genus Polycnemum Linnaeus (1753: 35) in Europe we here present a nomenclatural study of the untypified name Polycnemum majus A. Braun ex Bogenhard (1841: 151–152). This study is also related to a joint nomenclatural investigation of the Linnaean names of Camphorosma Linnaeus (1753: 122), where we detected that most orig...

A formal proposal to conserve Salsola with S. kali L. as the conserved type.

Broad-scale phylogenetic studies give first insights in numbers, relationships, and ages of C4 lineages. They are, however, generally limited to a model that treats the evolution of the complex C4 syndrome in different lineages as a directly comparable process. Here, we use a resolved and well-sampled phylogenetic tree of Camphorosmeae, based on th...

Complementary to our previous project on the molecular phylogeny of Camphorosmeae, the leaf anatomy of ca. 35 species including all non-Australian and selected Australian species was studied by use of light microscopy. Nine anatomical leaf types were described, compared to previous classifications, and discussed with regard to their putative evolut...

(2256) Salsola sedoides Pall., Reise Russ. Reich. 1: 492. 1771, nom. cons. prop. Typus (vide Sennikov & Freitag in Taxon 63: 158. 2014): Ad Jaikum et Volgam in salsis, argillosis irriguis ubique etiam borealioribus, [Pallas] (LE). (H) Salsola sedoides L., Amoen. Acad. 4: 98. Nov 1759, nom. rej. prop. Lectotypus (vide Sennikov & Freitag in Taxon 63:...

The original circumscriptions and nomenclatural history of the homonyms Salsola sedoides L. 1759 and Salsola sedoides Pall. 1771 are discussed, and lectotypes or neotypes are designated for both names and their synonyms. Two species were involved in the protologue of Salsola sedoides L.; its earliest history, the latest material and the proposed le...

Ochotonophila flava Dickoré & Freitag sp. nov. (Caryophyllaceae – Silenoideae) is described from the mountains of Bamiyan Province, central Afghanistan. It differs from the two previously known species endemic to Afghanistan, Ochotonophila allochrusoides Gilli and O. eglandulosa Hedge & Wendelbo, by its cream to yellow petals and elliptic leaves. A...

Abstract . Complementary to our previous project on the molecular phylogeny of Camphorosmeae, the leaf anatomy of ca. 35 species including all non-Australian and selected Australian species was studied by use of light microscopy. Nine anatomical leaf types were described, compared to previous classifications, and discussed with regard to their puta...

Suaeda iranshahrii Akhani & Freitag, previous specimens cited as S. maritima, is described as a new species of sect. Brezia endemic to the coasts of the Persian Gulf; it is subdivided into the type variety distributed along the Persian side and var. arabica Freitag from the Arabian shore. The new species is named in honour of Dr. Musa Iranshahr, th...

Suaeda iranshahrii Akhani & Freitag, previous specimens cited as S. maritima, is described as a new species of sect. Brezia endemic to the coasts of the Persian Gulf; it is subdivided into the type variety distributed along the Persian side and var. arabica Freitag from the Arabian shore. The new species is named in honour of Dr. Musa Iranshahr, th...

Lectotypes have been designated for 14 species names referable to Suaedoideae. Lectotypes for Alexandra lehmannii, Belowia paradoxa, Schanginia inderiensis, Schoberia acuminata, S. dendroides, S. glauca, S. leiosperma, S. microsperma, Suaeda baccifera, S. linifolia and S. physophora have been selected from the Herbarium of the Komarov Botanical Ins...

Freitag H.: Typification of Salicornia perennans Willd. (Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae) and the significance of names by Pallas. — Willdenowia 41: 231–237. December 2011. — Online ISSN 1868-6397; © 2011 BGBM Berlin-Dahlem. Stable URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3372/wi.41.41203 Salicornia perennans is here typified for the first time, with a Pallas 1771 i...

This study provides new information on phylogenetic relationships in the Ephedra distachya / E. sinica complex (Ephedraceae, gymnosperms) based on sequence variation and morphology-based delimitation of individual species. Altogether we have included 50 samples from this complex and closely related species with 39 samples sequenced for the first ti...

Camphorosmeae constitute a species-rich tribe of Chenopodiaceae-Camphorosmoideae that consists mostly of subshrubs and annuals, distributed in steppes and semi-deserts of Australia, Eurasia, North Africa, southern Africa and North America. We study (1) the relationships of Camphorosmeae to major lineages of the closely related Salsoloideae and (2)...

The semidesert taxon Halothamnus (Chenopodiaceae), which is confirmed to supersede the later Aellenia, is represented in Turkey by H. glaucus subsp. glaucus and H. hierochunticus. The former was known to occur in Kars and Ağri provinces but was found recently in Kayseri province as well. The latter is a new record for the flora of Turkey from Şanlı...

The name of the hitherto widely circumscribed species Suaeda corniculata is lectotypified by a specimen from the Altai and the species subdivided into two subspecies, with the new subsp. mongolica being tetraploid and restricted to SE Siberia and C Asia. Based on morphological, caryological and molecular data, the three new species S. tuvinica, S....

For the first time imprints of fossil fruits of Salsola L. s.l. and Halanthium K.KOCH (Chenopodiaceae, Salsoloideae,) are reported from the territory of Armenia, the latter being the first fossil record of the Southwest Asian genus worldwide. They were collected from fluvio-lacustrine diatomite layers of the Lower Pleistocene (Sisian series) in the...

Following up an earlier study on Borszczowia aralocaspica, a second C4 leaf type without Kranz tissues is described from Bienertia cycloptera Bunge ex Boiss. The species belongs also to tribe Suaedeae and grows in similar temporarily wet saline habitats in southwestern C Asia. Like Borszczowia, the species has the ability to perform C4 photosynthes...

The repeated advance and retreat of glaciers during the Pleistocene ice ages have played a major role in shaping the present patterns of genetic variation within and among plant and animal populations of the temperate zone. In Europe, the geographic ranges of many species were confined to a few, mostly southern refugia during periods of full glacia...

C (4) species of family Chenopodiaceae, subfamily Suaedoideae have two types of Kranz anatomy in genus Suaeda, sections Salsina and Schoberia, both of which have an outer (palisade mesophyll) and an inner (Kranz) layer of chlorenchyma cells in usually semi-terete leaves. Features of Salsina (S. AEGYPTIACA, S. arcuata, S. taxifolia) and Schoberia ty...

In this study we analysed ETS sequence data of 164 accessions belonging to 31 taxa of Salicornia, a widespread, hygrohalophytic genus of succulent, annual herbs of Chenopodiaceae subfam. Salicornioideae, to investigate phylogenetic and biogeographical patterns and hypothesise about the processes that shaped them. Furthermore, our aim was to underst...

No abstract available.

Freitag, H. & Lomonosova, M.: Typification and identity of Suaeda crassifolia, S. prostrata and S. salsa, three often confused species of Suaeda sect. Brezia (Chenopodiaceae, Suaedoideae). — Willdenowia 36 (Special Issue): 21–36. — ISSN 0511-9618; © 2006 BGBM Berlin-Dahlem. doi:10.3372/wi.36.36102 (available via http://dx.doi.org/) The nomenclatura...

We studied the age, origins, and possible routes of colonization of the Australian Chenopodiaceae. Using a previously published rbcL phylogeny of the Amaranthaceae–Chenopodiaceae alliance (Kadereit et al. 2003) and new ITS phylogenies of the Camphorosmeae and Salicornieae, we conclude that Australia has been reached in at least nine independent col...

A phylogenetic analysis of Chenopodiaceae and Amaranthaceae was carried out using sequence variation of the chloroplast gene rbcL. Our sampling included 108 species of these two families along with 29 species of Caryophyllales serving as outgroups. Phylogeny inferences with maximum parsimony and maximum like-lihood indicate that the two families fo...

Lomonosova, M. & Freitag, H.: A new species of Suaeda (Chenopodiaceae) from the Altai, Central Asia. - Willdenowia 33: 139-147. 2003. - ISSN 0511-9618; © 2003 BGBM Berlin-Dahlem. Suaeda tschujensis is described as a species new to science and compared with related species of S. sect.Brezia (= Heterosperma). It is endemic to high-mountain semidesert...

As part of an ongoing project on the phylogeny and taxonomy of Chenopodiaceae with emphasis on the evolution of photosynthetic pathways, we sequenced the nuclear ribosomal ITS region and two chloroplast DNA regions (atpB-rbcL and psbB-psbH) of 43 taxa belonging to subfamily Suaedoideae (Chenopodiaceae). Our sampling covered 41 of c. 82 known specie...

Three species of Ephedra are reported from NE Tropical Africa: E. somalensis sp. nov., E. foeminea and E. foliata. The endemic new species Ephedra somalensis is described, illustrated and compared with the most closely related species. All species are keyed out, their ecology described, and relevant distribution maps given.

Kranz anatomy, with its separation of elements of the C4 pathway between two cells, has been an accepted criterion for function of C4 photosynthesis in terrestrial plants. However, Bienertia cycloptera (Chenopodiaceae), which grows in salty depressions of Central Asian semi-deserts, has unusual chlorenchyma, lacks Kranz anatomy, but has photosynthe...

An important adaptation to CO2-limited photosynthesis in cyanobacteria, algae and some plants was development of CO2-concentrating mechanisms (CCM). Evolution of a CCM occurred many times in flowering plants, beginning at least 15-20 million years ago, in response to atmospheric CO2 reduction, climate change, geological trends, and evolutionary div...

For several millennia, stem extracts of Ephedra (Ephedraceae, Gnetales) have been used as folk medicines in both the Old and New World. Some species were used in treatments of questionable efficacy for venereal disease in North America during the last century. Many Eurasian species produce phenylethylamine alkaloids, mostly ephedrine and pseudoephe...

see http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=114532

During an expedition in 1996, the halophytic plant communities of the northern Caspian lowlands between the rivers Volga and Ural were investigated phytosociologically. In this paper, the physical and climatological conditions of the steppe and semidesert area are outlined, the methods and specific problems described, and the results concerning the...

Salsola cyrenaica subsp. antalyensis (Chenopodiaceae) from the S Anatolian coast near Finike is illustrated and described as a new subspecies. Its anatomy, relationships, ecology and phytogeography are discussed. The new subspecies differs from subsp. cyrenaica by the reduced number of flowers per leaf axil, very dense axillary hairs, the smaller s...

: From the hygrohalophyte Borszczowia aralocaspica Bunge (Chenopodiaceae), a new leaf type with 1-layered chlorenchyma is described as “borszczovoid” and compared with other leaf types in subfamily Salsoloideae. The chlorenchyma is suspected to represent a unique C4 type. Evidence is cited from anatomical studies and documented by micrographs and C...

The chenopod flora of a badland area 120 km WNW of Ankara was studied with the following results: Salsola grandis is described as a species new to science and illustrated, the presence of two species, viz. Anabasis aphylla and Atriplex aucheri, not listed in 'Flora of Turkey' but earlier reported from E Anatolia by Russian authors, is confirmed, an...

Salsola canescens subsp. serpentinicola from the Sandras Daği and adjacent mountains is described as a subspecies new to science and illustrated, and its ecology as well as phytogeography is considered. The new subspecies differs from subsp. canescens by longer anther appendages, glabrous tepals, and subulate, glaucous leaves with sparse ciliate in...

Abstract not available, please see the pdf file of the complete paper.

Annual or perennial, often halophytic herbs, sometimes shrubs or small trees. Stems often succulent, sometimes articulate. Leaves alternate or opposite, often succulent, well-developed or reduced, exstipulate; blades simple, flat or semi-cylindrical, rarely cylindrical, usually entire, sometimes dentate, lobed, or pinnatifid, glabrous or with gland...

Ephedra milleri Freitag & Maier-Stolte (Ephedraceae) from Dhofar (Oman) is described. E. sinaica Riedl, described as an endemic from S Sinai and meanwhile collected from numerous localities in higher altitudes of the western escarpment of Arabia is reduced to a subspecies of E. pachyclada.

Additions to the chenopod flora of Egypt are made on base of recent collections done by the author in Lower Egypt and N Sinai, and by Bornkamm and Kehl in NW and W Egypt. They were completed by studies in Cairo herbarium (CAI), and for some taxa by investigation of type material. Many new localities contribute to the better knowledge of the respect...

The names of the two Ephedra-species validly published in P. Forsskål's "Flora aegyptiaco-arabica" are typified: E. aphylla Forssk. by means of a neotype, and E. foeminea Forssk. by designation of a lectotype. Arguments and details in support of the decisions are provided. Hitherto, E. aphylla has usually been called E. alte C. Meyer. The type mate...

Noaea griffithii, which hitherto was known from the type collection only, is transferred toSalsola by reason of its horizontal embryo and other fruit characters. The description is completed; ecological, phytocoenological and distributional data are given. The species is a common endemic psammophyte of SE Iran, S Afghanistan and adjacent Pakistan B...

Synopsis An account is given of the distribution of the sand deserts in Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan Baluchistan, where they cover large surfaces on the plains at low and medium altitudes. Climatologically they differ considerably from each other with respect to winter temperatures, but the latitudinal sequence is obscured by elevation effects. A...

Onosma (sect.Protonosma, subsect.Rostellata)intricatum Riedl etFreitag andParacaryum carinatum H.Riedl are described as new species.Heterocaryum irregulare H.Riedl, formerly regarded as a hybrid, proved to be an independent species, and is here provided with a detailed description for the first time.

This outline of the natural vegetation is the first result of the author's 3-year geobotanical research in Afghanistan. After discussion of methodics and of the interrelations between the natural vegetation and the anthropogenous vegetation the author deals with the environmental factors, mainly with climate and biotic influences. The climate of th...