Helena Navas

• Doctor of Engineering
• Professor (Assistant) at Universidade NOVA de Lisboa

Currently, certain maritime assets face the challenge of optimizing their performance despite limited resources. They aim to minimize intervention actions on equipment while maintaining safety standards and acceptable performance levels. Ships, which are not yet autonomous, serve as maritime assets responsible for transporting personnel and systems...

Conveyor belts (CBs) are widely used for the continuous transport of bulk materials. CBs must be extremely reliable due to the cost associated with their failure in continuous production systems. Thus, it is highly relevant in terms of maintenance and planning to find solutions to reduce the existing stoppages from these assets. In this sense, it i...

Companies actively seek innovative tools and methodologies to enhance operations and meet customer demands. Maintenance plays a crucial role in achieving such objectives. This study identifies existing models that combine Lean Philosophy and Industry 4.0 principles to enhance decision-making and activities related to maintenance management. A compr...

As the global market becomes increasingly competitive and demanding, companies face the challenge of responding swiftly and efficiently to customer needs. To maintain a competitive advantage, organisations must optimise the usage of their assets. This study focuses on the critical role of maintenance management and presents a novel, cost-effective,...

Purpose The purpose of this study was to develop and implement a new model to improve maintenance management and the production system through the concepts: maintenance, lean philosophy and Industry 4.0. Design/methodology/approach The methodology employed in this study includes conducting a bibliographic survey of existing models exploring the jo...

In an environment of scarce resources, enhancing the ship’s performance by minimizing equipment intervention actions and maintaining safety standards is an actual challenge. Ships, not yet autonomous, are maritime means that transport personnel and systems. Their good condition is a permit for the safety of personnel and material, avoiding damage t...

The closed-loop production system can reduce environmental impacts on industries. However, reprocessing has different characteristics from the primary process, which can generate environmental effects superior to the original production. Therefore, this works explores the end of life of industrialization in order to determine the number of remanufa...

For companies to stand out in increasingly competitive, dynamic and global markets, they must have customer satisfaction goals, create value through their processes, products and services and also aim for innovation. In this context, computer sciences combined with engineering processes constitutes a powerful way for companies to be able to improve...

For companies to be able not only to survive, but also to differentiate themselves in the current global market scenario, all their functional areas must be in line with short, medium, and long-term management objectives and policies. The performance and competitiveness of companies depend on the behaviour of their production system, so an ambitiou...

Purpose: Given the growing importance of sustainability, an efficient model is proposed that allows the identification and quantification of industrial waste. Methodology/Approach: First, a bibliographic review of the existing models of joint application was carried out: Sustainability, Lean Philosophy, and Industry 4.0. Critical analysis of the ex...

Purpose: Develop a new model that combines the concepts of Maintenance, Lean Philosophy, and Industry 4.0 to improve maintenance management. Methodology/Approach: For the elaboration the following methodology was used: Bibliographic review of the existing models of joint application: Maintenance, Lean Philosophy, and Industry 4.0. Critical analysis...

Ships can navigate several months on sea. Maintenance and supply are the base for ship successful navigation and mission. Every type of equipment should have a maintenance plan. If it is a corrective maintenance plan, some risks are inherent. This study pursues a Management Maintenance System considering minimal costs, where the best equipment avai...

Maintenance management and the existence of maintenance management systems are fundamental challenges for companies subject to the increased competitiveness imposed by modern societies. This type of management is complex, requiring systematic approaches where it is essential to coordinate the different interdisciplinary aspects of maintenance in pu...

Although collaborative networks (CN) are widespread in academia and have come to be even more used in corporations all over the world, they still face several challenges on behalf of the new product development (NPD) context, especially in regard to the selection of the CN’s right partner. This becomes even more evident when it comes to promoting s...

Continuous improvement is a constant concern of companies operating in strongly competitive markets. This means to be constantly unsatisfied with the company status-quo, searching for opportunities to improve. The goal is to increase business efficiency and effectiveness, providing value to the client. In a fast-paced compass industry with complex...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to make a lean assessment of a chemical analyst training laboratory in a higher education institution and identify the main types of waste on a daily basis and understand the lean maturity of the laboratory and establish priority areas of intervention to make the laboratory leanest. Design/methodology/approach...

The Cross-Cultural Engineering project (CEP) aims to acquire synthetic problem-solving capabilities by promoting an international collaboration program. Thus, participation requires suggestions of procedures and proposals of creative solutions for resolving problems. In order to assist the activities of participants, this paper presents the Idea Cr...

Quality control is changing along with the manufacturing environment. A series of revolutionary changes will occur in management contents, methods, capabilities, and real-time effectiveness and efficiency of management. As an essential factor in intelligent manufacturing, quality control systems require real and comprehensive innovation. Focused on...

Our study explores the efficient frontier of optimal investment, taking behind the Markowitz's theory, while advocating a diversified portfolio to reduce risk. To perform it, six portfolio models are proposed, and its formation are made by a solver, where the selected solving method is the GRG Nonlinear engine for linear solver problems. Our main g...

Nowadays, with the daily changes that occur in society, the growing competition between markets where clients are increasingly demanding, companies are forced to innovate and improve, upgrading their efficiency in each process. As a result, companies are progressively giving more and more attention to the production area with a continuous improveme...

The search for perfection forces organizations to adopt new techniques and approaches, focused on the systematic creation of innovative solutions that facilitate the processes of continuous improvement. In view of this context, there was an opportunity to study the implementation of the Lean philosophy in the production line, at a processed food or...

Project risk management is essential to managers’ decision making and business success, because it allows the manager to identify, analyse and decide on the most appropriate way to respond to different adversities that may arise during the development of new products, services, processes, projects, continuous improvement, etc. This requires a mind-...

In recent years, there has been an increase in the adoption of quality tools by companies. As such, there has been a commitment to innovation by the organizations to obtain competitive advantages by the development of new products and technologies focused on the creation of economic value but also on delivering sustainability. This study aims to de...

The search for excellence and operational benefits forces organizations to adopt new types of techniques and approaches for the systematic creation of innovative solutions. In view of this context, this paper describes the implementation of the Lean-TRIZ approach in a production line in a Portuguese food organization. In a first step, a continuous...

Lean Thinking philosophy pursuit continuous improvement and continuous innovation towards economic and eco-sustainable growth by new solutions. Such solutions involve eco-efficient products (goods and/or services) and cleaner production to produce them. Nevertheless, sometimes, there are technical contradictions that inhibited companies to achieve...

The survival of companies in globalized and highly competitive markets, heavily depends on their ability to innovate through the creation of new products and/or services, supported by sustainable processes to prevent business failure. There are many factors regarding the interface company/stakeholders/market at all hierarchical levels, which have a...

Aircraft oxygen regulators are a normally used specialized test bench designed to perform tests to the regulators during its work conditions. The tests are performed placing the regulator in the barometric chamber, where low pressure conditions are forced to simulate altitude conditions and then a flow is forced on the output of the regulator to si...

p> Purpose: In the current market, the Portuguese industry faces strong competition from countries with substantially lower operating costs. The agri-food industry is also subject to increasing competition, both nationally and internationally. The utilization of methodologies that, in addition to continuous improvement, provide the development of c...

The oxygen equipment of an aircraft is the first line of defense against the potentially lethal effects of hypoxia and carbon monoxide poisoning. Most oxygen systems are composed by storage system (containers), delivery system and mask or nasal cannula. The oxygen delivery system, also known as oxygen regulator can be one of three types: continuous...

Nowadays, infusion pumps such as syringe pumps and peristaltic pumps are commonly used for drug delivery, in situations where the delivery dose has stringent limits and high risk impact. In order to ensure the metrological traceability of these flow and volume measuring equipment it is necessary to use suitable calibration methods and standards. On...

The debate on eco-innovation is a recent and emergent topic between practitioners and in the academy. Especially in developing economies, such as in Brazil, this topic is very incipient mainly in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) context. Hence, the purpose of this study is to identify what are the determinant factors for the successful ado...

Artigo submetido em 12/12/2017 e aceito em 15/01/2018 RESUMO O desenvolvimento de novos produtos (DNP) é crucial para a existência das empresas, fonte de vantagem competitiva e factor determinante do seu êxito empresarial. Diversos factores, tanto operacionais como organizacionais ou até estratégicos, contribuem para o processo de inovação que supo...

The development of new products (NPD) is crucial for the existence of companies, source of competitive advantage and determinant of their business success. Several factors, both operational and organizational or even strategic, contribute to the innovation process that supports NPD. The holistic assessment of all these factors as a whole has not be...

The DFSS methodology is being widely used as a quality management model. Focusing on "Zero Defects" production, the tool that support DNP used in the planning phases, that precede manufacturing is DFSS methodology, suitable for production processes with SS requirement. There is a contradictory question regarding the differences and complementaritie...

The Lean Philosophy and Continuous Improvement continue to be the day’s agenda of organizations. The universities feel a growing and increasingly widespread interest of undertakings in engineers and other staff with good preparation in this area. The students realize up search and attempt during the courses at the Faculty or immediately after takin...

In complex systems the need to solve problems is constant. Numerous techniques for solving specific problems developed in various areas are clearly insufficient. Humanity needs multidisciplinary generic methods to find solutions to specific problems. Organizations need to learn to use and develop their ability to solve problems in an objective way....

New methodologies and tools to improve the performance of PSS design have been proposed in literature. In this sense, this paper accompanies the development of a proposed model that allows for systematic analysis in order to identify waste or contradictions and their elimination or reduction, through the joint use of analytical tools wit impact in...

Studies on PSS are emerging as a growing body of literature driven by the desire to reach economic aspects and sustainable resource management. Although recent studies have highlighted environmental benefits of PSS, insights about how companies can systematically obtain eco-innovations in PSS design, using only TRIZ or TRIZ combined with other meth...

In this paper a wear study of innovative Ti-Ta alloys is present. Samples of Ti-30%Ta, Ti-52%Ta, were produced by laser cladding. This technology uses a high power density generated by a laser beam to melt the base material and the filler material. The interaction between the laser and the substrate is a function of the radiation absorption propert...

Although technical innovation is increasingly essential to meet the new challenges in the field of thermal engineering, it is rare the application of means supporting systematic innovation commonly used in other areas. This paper aims stimulating the use of the Inventive Design methodology in the field of thermal engineering. It discusses the impro...

The debate on eco-innovation, although recent, is becoming increasingly more relevant in the practical context of business and academic world. The discussion on eco-innovation in the context of manufacturing SMEs is in a less developed stage and deserves attention. Thus, the main objective of this research was to identify, through a systematic revi...

Nowadays, companies operate in markets exposed to the effects of globalization, the opportunities for conducting business are becoming shorter in terms of time as well as the business environment is increasingly volatile. Thus, companies have to start learning to work together in certain areas or skills, to follow different paths other through the...

This paper discusses a case from an automotive industry plant where ergonomic problems were identified corresponding to inadequate postures resulting from operations performed above the workers’ head height. Company’s economic situation didn’t allowed to consider the automation of the operation despite the recognized need to reduce or, ideally, to...

Organizations are living in a constant change environment; their business and finance aims are very demanding. Project management faces up to a lot of problems and challenges. Project management community needs appropriate and efficient management practices. Generation of innovative ideas and solutions can give considerable contribution to project...

The last decades are characterized by globalization of markets and increase of their competitiveness. Enterprises need to enable the quick satisfaction of customer demands and to improve their products and services continuously. Lean Thinking goal is a creation of streamlined work processes with minimized inventory, maximized throughput, without ba...

As empresas precisam de investir na inovação sistemática se quiserem vencer ou simplesmente sobreviver. A inovação não pode continuar a ser vista como o produto de inspiração ocasional. A inovação tem de puder ser aprendida e gerida. A inovação não pode ser um dom, tem que ser transformada numa capacidade. Ocorrências inesperadas, incoerências, req...

Num mundo globalizado, as organizações têm sido forçadas a inovar em busca de novas técnicas de gestão, devido a limitações dos modelos de gestão tradicional. Para subsistir num mercado altamente competitivo, as organizações procuram diferenciar-se da concorrência por via de utilização de novas metodologias de gestão que permitam aumentar a eficiên...

Em laboratório é crescente a preocupação com a obtenção de resultados fidedignos, que apoiem corretamente os profissionais de saúde no diagnóstico, tratamento e controlo de patologias. Com o objetivo de harmonizar resultados, analisaram-se os dados de Avaliação Externa da Qualidade do Cortisol, para detetar problemas e causas de variabilidade inter...

As últimas décadas são caracterizadas pela globalização dos mercados e aumento da competitividade. As empresas precisam de adquirir a capacidade de satisfazer os requisitos dos clientes nos prazos cada vez mais reduzidos, melhorando os seus produtos e serviços de forma continuada. As curvas de ciclo de vida mostram a evolução no tempo das caracterí...

Nas últimas décadas, tem sido desenvolvido um novo sistema de pensamento chamado Teoria da Auto-organização ou Teoria da Complexidade. A complexidade pode ser associada a vários quadrantes: física, matemática, biologia, estatística, serviço social, sociologia, linguística, psicologia, etc. A definição da complexidade varia significativamente entre...

Com a evolução tecnológica e a crescente competitividade nos mercados, a inovação torna-se um conceito da atualidade, promovendo a utilização de metodologias inovadoras. As organizações não se podem contentar com a inovação espontânea, a inovação terá que se tornar sistemática. São precisas novas técnicas e abordagens para combater a inércia mental...

Nos dias 15-17 de Julho deste ano foi realizada em Hong Kong a 6ª edição da International Conference on Systematic Innovation (ICSI) e a 5ª edição da Global Competition on Systematic Innovation (GCSI). As anteriores edições tiveram lugar por 2 vezes em Hsinchu (Taiwan) e uma vez em Xangai (China), Seul (Coreia do Sul) e em San Jose, Califórnia (EUA...

Tolerancing is an important issue in the quality evaluation of mechanical systems. Tolerancing of an industrial gear assembly set includes dimensioning and accuracy, fits and tolerances, clearances and interferences, accuracy of surface form, accuracy of orientation and location of component features. In this study, dimensional tolerancing of an el...

A brief description of the classification and typical composition of commercial aircraft pneumatic systems initiates this article which is focused on special Tools and Test Equipment alternatives, in compliance with the original equipment manufacturers or system integrators. Maintenance management philosophies are related to control technologies, s...

The maintenance in the industrial sector has increasingly gained importance in enterprises. The current demands of today's companies require the maintenance and management responsible to seek new forms of organization, using innovative techniques and methodologies to manage in the most efficient way. The Trafaria Oil Terminal is a facility of tradi...

Tantalum alloys is study to orthopedic applications to produce coatings in surgical implants, but also it is employed in chemical and aerospace applications. These coatings improve the superficial mechanical properties as its biocompatible material. This work aims to automate laser laboratory equipment of CeFEMA (Center of Physics and Engineering o...

This paper presents the development and automation of the innovative laser cladding equipment. The need of control parameter as overlapping, number of clads, deposition rate, laser power and powder feeder rate are very import in the process and they influence the mechanical proprieties and durability of the coatings. With the automation of the proc...

In a globalized world, organizations have been forced to innovate in search of new management techniques, due to limitations of traditional management models. To survive in a highly competitive market, organizations seek to differentiate themselves from the competition through the use of new management methods for increasing the efficiency of inter...

Atualmente, as organizações vivem num ambiente de mudança constante; as suas metas de negócios e os objetivos financeiros são cada vez mais exigentes. Numa sociedade em que o aumento da concorrência, a maturidade dos mercados e as preocupações ambientais constituem os fatores essenciais para o sucesso dos negócios, as empresas começam a ter como ob...

O presente trabalho, desenvolvido em parceria pelo Laboratório de Volume e Caudal (LVC) do Instituto Português da Qualidade (IPQ) com o Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Industrial (DEMI) da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa (FCT/UNL), tem como objetivo caraterização de contadores de fluidos tendo como base a med...

A crescente internacionalização das empresas exige a introdução de novas práticas de gestão da inovação tecnológica com forte responsabilidade socio-ambiental. Todos os projetos industriais devem conciliar a inovação tecnológica com boas práticas ambientais. Os eventuais impactos ambientais devem ser considerados pelas práticas de gestão em geral e...

O presente trabalho, desenvolvido em parceria pelo Laboratório de Volume e Caudal (LVC) do Instituto Português da Qualidade (IPQ) com o Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Industrial (DEMI) da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa (FCT/UNL), tem como objetivo caraterização de contadores de fluidos tendo como base a med...

O sucesso de organizações passa cada vez mais pela inovação. A inovação deixa de ser vista como um momento de inspiração ou uma ocorrência descontínua e imprevisível, passando a ser encarada como uma atividade planeada e gerida. As empresas estão a sentir cada vez mais a necessidade de inovação contínua e sistemática. A inovação sistemática é cruci...

A Teoria da Resolução Criativa de Problemas, mais conhecida pelo seu acrónimo TRIZ, é uma metodologia especialmente apropriada para a resolução de problemas. Esta abordagem foi desenvolvida por Genrich Altshuller, que examinou mais de um milhão e meio de patentes e descobriu que muitas vezes certos problemas são resolvidos em diferentes campos usan...

Durante o processo criativo em busca de novas soluções, a inércia mental pode exercer uma influência negativa. A Teoria da Resolução Criativa de Problemas, mais conhecida pelo seu acrónimo TRIZ, propõe diferentes técnicas que podem ajudar a vencer a inércia psicológica. A técnica de "Pensamento de Janelas Múltiplas" permite representar um dado sist...

When we close a door with a key or biked along a street or wear a jacket, normally we do these routine operations mechanically and without thinking. We did not reflect on the sequence of these activities. At first glance, it appears that this phenomenon is a very good thing because it allows to minimize the energy and intellectual time. When we int...

A Teoria da Resolução Criativa de Problemas, mais conhecida pelo seu acrónimo TRIZ, afirma que a evolução de sistemas técnicos segue padrões previsíveis. O conceito da Evolução de Sistemas é um dos conceitos fundamentais do TRIZ em busca de soluções para os problemas tecnológicos. O conceito ajuda a identificar as eventuais tendências de evolução d...

O Algoritmo de Resolução Inventiva de Problemas (ARIZ) é uma ferramenta analítica da Teoria da Resolução Criativa de Problemas, mais conhecida pelo seu acrónimo TRIZ. O ARIZ põe grande ênfase na reformulação dos problemas com o objetivo de revelar a origem dos mesmos. A mais recente versão do ARIZ tem cerca de 100 passos distintos: começa-se com o...

Neste artigo descreve-se uma metodologia de estudo baseada na filosofia LEAN, aplicada à linha de enchimento de azeite em garrafas de vidro designada por “linha 2000” ou “L2000”, com o objetivo de aumentar a sua eficiência e reduzir ao máximo o desperdício. Esta linha de produção tem uma velocidade máxima estabelecida de 12000 garrafas/ hora é a ma...

The lean implementation environment requires advanced analytical tools and methodologies (ex. VSM and A3), but there is not much work done on tools for generation of solutions. TRIZ systematizes solutions that can be used for different technical fields and activities. The inconsistencies are eliminated by modification of the entire system or by mod...

A Análise Substância - Campo (ou ASC) é uma ferramenta analítica da Teoria da Resolução Criativa de Problemas, mais conhecida pelo seu acrónimo TRIZ, que ajuda a construir modelos funcionais para a resolução de problemas relacionados com sistemas tecnológicos, quer se trate de sistemas novos, quer de já existentes. A ASC sustenta que um sistema, cr...

Os Princípios Inventivos constituem uma ferramenta da Teoria da Resolução Criativa de Problemas, mais conhecida pelo seu acrónimo TRIZ. Genrich Altshuller identificou 39 Parâmetros Técnicos ou atributos de produto que os criativos geralmente tentam melhorar. Parâmetros Técnicos, Segundo o TRIZ 1. Peso (objeto móvel) 2. Peso (objeto imóvel) 3. Comp...

As soluções técnicas e organizacionais são baseadas na combinação de efeitos (físicos, químicos, geométricos e outros). Porém, nem sempre é fácil prever efeitos que as soluções adotadas terão na prática. Esta necessidade de previsão de efeitos poderá ser satisfeita através de utilização das bases de dados de efeitos. As bases de dados de causa-efei...

O conceito de "Idealidade" é um dos princípios fundamentais da Teoria da Resolução Criativa de Problemas, mais conhecida pelo seu acrónimo TRIZ. A idealidade é o objetivo que move as organizações a melhorarem todos os sistemas técnicos e organizacionais, tornando-os mais rápidos, melhores e com menores custos. À medida que se aumente o número de fu...

Industrial maintenance is becoming more important in business. Current requirements force managers to seek new forms of organization, using techniques and methodologies that are commonly used in the management of other functional areas of business. Improvement of the maintenance department of a company in the food sector was established as the main...

Depois de ter sido identificado o sistema técnico e de terem sido definidas as suas contradições, devem ser avaliados os recursos que estão disponíveis para superar a contradição. Para resolver a contradição, a Teoria da Resolução Criativa de Problemas, mais conhecida pelo seu acrónimo TRIZ, recomenda utilizar os recursos do sistema existente. Na m...

As contradições técnicas e físicas constituem um dos termos mais importantes do vocabulário do TRIZ. A Teoria da Resolução Criativa de Problemas, mais conhecida pelo seu acrónimo TRIZ, tem por objetivo auxiliar a busca de soluções de problemas onde a simples aplicação de “boas práticas tradicionais” não produz resultados assinaláveis. Tais problema...

Acoustic comfort is currently one of the most important components in ensuring customer satisfaction promoting the well-being inside the aircraft. The cabin of the airplane is a space where the passenger remains closed during the trip, subject to noise from other passengers or from the aircraft itself. This noise can interfere with communication, d...

É importante para as organizações serem capazes de medir o grau de inovação; sem tal capacidade seria difícil estabelecer políticas e metas de longo prazo para a inovação. Existem diferentes abordagens da avaliação dos níveis de inovação. Os diferentes métodos baseiam-se em diferentes aspetos de inovação. Porém, a inovação requer uma análise a vári...

The main objective of this chapter is to support an implementation of systematic eco-innovation and radical eco-innovation with analytical tools and techniques of the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) methodology. It also aims to increase opportunities for eco-innovative products and services while simultaneously enhancing the innovation c...

Um problema pode ser visto como uma dificuldade na obtenção de um determinado objetivo. A necessidade de resolver problemas é constante. Coloca-se então a questão de busca de soluções para o problema detetado. A “inteligência” é muitas das vezes confundida como a “capacidade de resolver problemas”. Porém, as pontuações altas nos testes de Q. I. pod...

Tendo em conta a importância de estabelecer adequadamente as tolerâncias das especificações na fase de conceção de um novo produto respeitando o princípio da orientação para o cliente, este capítulo pretende ilustrar a utilização da metodologia QFD, em particular da Casa da Qualidade, no desenho de um redutor industrial. A matriz elaborada permite...

Systematic innovation implies innovation in products, processes or business models that enables the company to achieve higher levels of sustainability. Systematic innovation means not only identification, implementation and monitoring of new ideas aimed at improving the technological and organizational performance of the organization but must also...

Os redutores de engrenagens têm um amplo campo de aplicação em diversas atividades industriais. A manutenção pode contribuir significativamente para o aumento do tempo de vida útil de um redutor industrial. O planeamento de ações de manutenção de um redutor deve ser realizado tendo em conta a especificidade de aplicação, a intensidade de utilização...

The development of a common language in the field of metrology arose in the mid-twentieth century, gradually eliminating the large "tower of Babel" in existing metrological communication. Since metrology is moving from a classical to a fully probabilistic (uncertainty) approach, it is especially important to have an international vocabulary that ca...

One of the concerns of Robust Design is the definition of the most relevant characteristics of the quality of a product and consequently the respective technical specifications, as well as the best levels of process factors (controllable variables). No less important is to ensure, in the later stages of the production cycle, capable processes, i.e....

O presente trabalho será focado no desenvolvimento e nos respectivos ensaios experimentais de um padrão primário de medição de micro caudal, desenvolvido em parceria pelo Laboratório de Volume (LVO) do Instituto Português da Qualidade (IPQ) com o Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Industrial (DEMI) da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Univer...

As mais recentes técnicas associadas à calibração absoluta de acelerómetros-padrão recorre da interferometria laser onde são utilizados um ou mais detetores para a aquisição do sinal ótico. Neste estudo são usados dois detetores com vista à implementação do Método da Diferença de Fase, o qual permite a determinação do valor do deslocamento em funçã...

Desde dezembro de 2005, o Laboratório de Fotometria do Instituto Português da Qualidade (IPQ), o Laboratório Nacional de Metrologia de Portugal, tem os instrumentos de medição e as instalações instrumentais para a manutenção do padrão nacional da candela, a unidade da intensidade luminosa e o desenvolvimento dos padrões metrológicos nacionais de fo...

A massa volúmica de um material constitui a grandeza que caracteriza a massa contida por unidade de volume, expressa em unidades do SI em kg/m3. Um dos métodos mais complexos, tanto na sua execução experimental como na obtenção do resultado final com o respetivo cálculo de incerteza, e que garante a rastreabilidade da grandeza massa volúmica às gra...

A Systematic innovation is crucial for increasing organizational effectiveness, enhancing competitiveness and profitability. The lean management philosophy depends on the creation of systematic innovative solutions to improve processes. Lean has been adopted in a large number of companies from different industry sectors; it has moved away from bein...