Helena J. Chapman

George Washington University | GW · Department of Environmental and Occupational Health

Objective This study explored medical trainees’ understanding of collaborative writing sessions in the Dominican Republic as a strategy to strengthen their technical writing and critical analysis skills in health education and communication. Method We conducted semi-structured interviews with seven medical trainees who participated in a series of...

Training the global health workforce to help manage emerging risks (including pandemic preparedness) and build health system resiliency is a priority for health professions programs. Incorporating One Health competencies – which emphasize multidisciplinary collaborations to identify innovative solutions that connect human, animal, and environmental...

Background Scientific writing and critical appraisal of the literature are fundamental skills for future physicians. However, these skills have been inconsistently prioritised across medical curricula, leaving medical trainees to seek these skills through continuing education courses. Approach We conducted a series of complementary collaborative w...

Moving into the next decade, the global health workforce can lead efforts to identify emerging health threats and develop immediate action plans to mitigate adverse effects on community health and well-being. To prepare health workers in their delivery of health education activities, the authors propose three didactic (‘train the trainers’) approac...

Objetivos: realizar un análisis económico para evaluar los costos de una intervención educativa, utilizando los principios de un modelo de seguridad humana en Bateyes del suroeste de la República Dominicana. Métodos: se consideraron cuatro recursos de intervención, incluyendo la capacitación del personal, los incentivos mensuales, la supervisión d...

Introduction: Over the past 5 years, substantial global investment has resulted in reduced TB incidence rates by 9% and mortality rates by 14%. However, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has hindered access and availability of TB services to maintain robust TB control. The objective of this rapid review was to describe the challenges to...

Aim The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected an estimated 1.6 billion learners around the world (UN, 2020) and has led to the rapid restructuring of the global education sector due to lockdown restrictions to curb community transmission. The objective of this study is to examine the effectiveness and sustainability of WhatsApp...

Since 2001, more than 3.3 million US service members have been deployed to operations Iraqi Freedom, Enduring Freedom, New Dawn, Inherent Resolve and Freedom’s Sentinel. Visible and invisible war wounds from direct combat experiences, coupled with environmental exposures to harmful substances, can complicate veterans’ health throughout their lifesp...

Background Health professionals should be prepared to lead and contribute to initiatives that mitigate emerging global health risks to target communities. Health professions education, however, has inconsistently incorporated essential global health topics into curricula despite growing interest among health professional students. Objective To ide...

Introduction The use of WhatsApp for health professional education is not novel and is described increasingly in literature as an affordable, familiar, and convenient tool for collaboration. Social media technologies for health practitioner education allow the use of text and audio-visual aids, peer-to-peer based learning, and problem-based learnin...

Background: Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in high-risk groups is an effective strategy for TB control and elimination in low incidence settings. A nine-month course of daily isoniazid (INH) has been the longest prescribed therapy; however, completion rates are suboptimal. We need data to guide TB program outreach efforts to opt...

Empowering scientific innovation, building knowledge management and strengthening research capacity across Africa are fundamental for improving high-level policy decision-making. Such contributions can distinguish the continent as a reputable source of scientific expertise, prepared to manage local and global challenges towards achieving the Sustai...

Empowering scientific innovation, building knowledge management and strengthening research capacity across Africa are fundamental for improving high-level policy decision-making. Such contributions can distinguish the continent as a reputable source of scientific expertise, prepared to manage local and global challenges towards achieving the Sustai...

Objective To describe health care workers' practical recommendations for strengthening adherence to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection control practices in their health institutions and elsewhere across the Dominican Republic. Methods In this qualitative study, 10 focus groups, with a total of 40 clinicians (24 physicians, 16 nurses), were condu...

Background Tobacco use is the most important preventable cause of premature death and major risk factor for non-communicable diseases. Due to strict tobacco legislation in the western hemisphere, many African nations like Nigeria have shifted from being a tobacco-producing nation to a tobacco-consuming one. The purpose of this study was to systemat...

Global efforts to eliminate tuberculosis by 2050 continue to challenge health systems. In countries with low reported tuberculosis incidence, such as the USA (3.1/100,000 population) and Cuba (6.9/100,000), differences in classification by income level and health systems' overall organizational structure are evident. However, the two countries' low...

Due to their occupational exposure in health care settings, health care workers (HCW) have increased risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. They face challenges to remain up-to-date with evidence-based clinical practices and translate educational information into actions in infection control practices. Our purpose was to examine this “knowle...

Background: Globally, national health systems are challenged to build successful aging models to prepare for biomedical, psychological and social changes. The integral component of psychosocial health in overall quality of life and well-being, however, is underscored and requires greater focus. Changing demographics in Nigeria, in addition to cult...

http://journals.lww.com/academicmedicine/Fulltext/2017/05000/More_on_Medical_Education_in_Africa.4.aspx

INTRODUCTION Health care workers have an increased risk of infection due to occupational Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposure, including multidrug-resistant strains. Health care workers’ risk of developing tuberculosis is greater than that of the general population, whether in low-, intermediate- or high-incidence countries. Adherence to infection c...

Background As adolescents transition from childhood to adulthood, effective mother-daughter communication on sexuality plays a role in reducing high-risk behaviours linked to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and early pregnancy and childbirth. The objective of the study was to examine the prevalence of mother-daughter communication on s...

Health professions education in the 21st century should incorporate both community mobilization and social media strategies. First, community mobilization facilitates change by educating community members with evidence-based, high-quality and up-to-date health information and empowering their active participation in target health initiatives. Secon...

Women who are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) represent a major public health priority due to the disease impact on health, family, and society. Despite the growing number of empirical studies in this area, particularly from developing countries, there are few review articles Indian Ins...

Using longitudinal data from records obtained from the Honduras Department of Public Health, paediatric diarrhoea and infant mortality rates were tracked over a six year period during which a large scale WASH intervention occurred in the Department of Colón, Honduras. Rates of paediatric diarrhoea and infant mortality from Colón were compared to na...

Background: Social mobilization and social media are tools that can increase the dissemination of high-quality and up-to-date health information about disease outbreaks to community members. Medical students may play an integral role in interdisciplinary health teams that promote prevention strategies during the “roll out” of community health outre...

We conducted a cross-sectional study to describe clinical characteristics of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis with and without evidence of pulmonary cavitation on chest radiography and assess whether cavitation is associated with infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing strain. Cases were selected from the Tuberculosis Registry (Januar...

Background: The trend in increased antibiotic prescription practices has been associated with higher health care costs and antibiotic resistance. This study examined the adequate or inappropriate antibiotic prescribing practices of health professionals, who work in public and private health centers in the Dominican Republic (DR), before and after t...

In the United States, latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) affects between 10 and 15 million people, of whom 10% may develop active tuberculosis disease. People at increased risk for tuberculosis reactivation include recent immigrants from countries with a high incidence of tuberculosis, children younger than age 5, people who have been infected wi...

International Women's Day (IWD), celebrated on March 8, brings attention to health, socioeconomic and political achievements of women. In the Dominican Republic (DR), as part of IWD celebrations , four medical students at the Iberoamerican University (UNIBE) School of Medicine aimed to demystify myths, describe national and global health priorities...

The Caribbean has the highest prevalence rates of HIV/AIDS outside sub-Saharan Africa, and a broad literature suggests an ecological association between tourism areas and sexual vulnerability. Tourism employees have been shown to engage in high rates of sexual risk behaviours. Nevertheless, no large-scale or sustained HIV prevention interventions h...