Hélder Consolaro

• Professor (Associate) at Universidade Federal de Catalão

The flowering phenology of many closely related species in the Brazilian Cerrado coincides with the onset of the rainy season, where sequential flowering often occurs with some overlap. Transitioning from solitary flowering to coflowering with congeneric species may alter the pollination environment, affecting pollen delivery and deposition pattern...

Gender specialization is a common feature present in many distylous species of Erythroxylum. In general, short-styled flowers present higher levels of pollen sterility than long-styled flowers. Variation in pollen sterility also occurs within species in a way that some populations display morph-biased sterility, while others do not. The inconsisten...

Premise: Distyly is a condition in which individual plants in a population express two floral morphs, L- and S-morph, characterized by reciprocal placements of anthers and stigmas between morphs. The function of distyly requires that pollinators collect pollen from L- and S-morphs on different parts along their bodies to then deposit it on the sti...

Seed processing and dormancy break treatments are recommended for rendering seeds restoration-ready. Conversely, fruit structures and seed coats may protect seeds from environmental harm in the field. We evaluated the effects of seed processing (by either keeping fruit structures or extracting seeds) and/or scarification (of physically dormant seed...

Differences in the arrangement of floral whorls in enantiostylous species may affect the levels of reciprocity between the sexual organs of floral morphs and the functionality of the enantiostyly. In this study, we aimed to investigate enantiostyly in Senna rugosa, evaluating the variation in the position of sexual organs. Using different spatial m...

Distyly is a floral polymorphism with reciprocal placement of male and female structures, heteromorphic self-incompatibility, and other ancillary traits. However, breeding system breakdowns and loss of polymorphism are common. Here we traced the diversification of breeding strategies in the type genera of tribes Palicoureeae and Psychotrieae and di...

Background: Animal pollination is an important ecosystem function and service, ensuring both the integrity of natural systems and human well-being. Although many knowledge shortfalls remain, some high-quality data sets on biological interactions are now available. The development and adoption of standards for biodiversity data and metadata has pro...

A história começa quando as abelhas vão até as flores para buscar, na maioria das vezes, alimentos tais como néctar e grãos de pólen, e involuntariamente, acabam polinizando as flores. Ao visitar as flores, as abelhas são cobertas por grãos de pólen que, acidentalmente, acabam sendo deixados sobre o estigma da mesma flor (autopolinização), de outra...

Existe certa quantidade de calorias que cada ser vivo precisa adquirir diariamente para manter o funcionamento vital dos seus órgãos e, consequentemente, poder sobreviver. É por essa razão que nos alimentamos, pois a energia vem dos produtos que consumimos. Sem essa energia, nós não conseguiríamos fazer qualquer atividade, nem mesmo ler um livro co...

Heterostyly is a polymorphism in which populations comprise two (distyly) or three (tristyly) floral morphs with reciprocal positioning of the height of the anthers and stigmas (reciprocal herkogamy). Such reciprocal herkogamy permits precise pollen placement on pollinators’ bodies and pollination success by promoting disassortative pollen transfer...

BREEDING SYSTEMS AND POLLINATION OF THE PSYCHOTRIA CAPITATA RUIZ & PAVON (RUBIACEAE): A CASE THE TYPICAL DISTYLY IN CERRADO: The phenotypic integration observed in flowers is an evolutionary strategy that aims to increase the pollen flow between individuals, favoring the crossing and maintenance of genetic variability. This success is directly rela...

• Differences in pollen sterility between morphs in distylous populations may represent the first step in the evolution of gender specialization. Theoretically, for partially or completely male sterile individuals to persist they must have some fitness advantage that compensates for the loss of male function. Gender specialization is considered a w...

The reproductive biology of the cassava genus (Manihot, Euphorbiaceae) remains unknown, despite its relevance to humanity. Here, we investigated the pollination system of two cassava wild relatives concerning the filtering of visitors in unisexual flowers, the specialization–generalization degree, and verified the dependency on pollinators for seed...

The function of the reciprocal position of anthers and stigmas of the floral morphs in distylous flowers is to promote cross-pollination between morphs (legitimate pollination). Deviations from reciprocity can negatively affect the rates of legitimate pollen deposition, but other floral traits or the pollination environment might contribute to the...

Sexual expression in andromonoecious species—those in which a single individual can bear both staminate and hermaphroditic flowers—may vary among reproductive events in the same plant, among individuals and across populations. This variation influences, in turn, the individual contribution of hermaphroditic plants via male and female fitness functi...

Distylous species possess two floral morphs: S-morph with short styles and long stamens, and L-morph with long styles and short stamens. The reciprocal positioning of anthers and stigmas is hypothesized to promote legitimate (between-morph) pollination. Deviations from reciprocity can negatively affect legitimate pollen deposition. The functioning...

Resumo A heterostilia é um polimorfismo floral geneticamente controlado onde populações de plantas apresentam dois ou três morfos com peças reprodutivas em alturas recíprocas entre os morfos. Em populações naturais, espera-se encontrar uma razão igual entre os morfos (isopletia). O objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar o sistema reprodutivo, a biolog...

Premise: Distylous species possess two floral morphs with reciprocal positioning of stigmas and anthers that is hypothesized to promote disassortative pollination. Theoretical models predict equal morph frequencies, but many populations depart from the expected 1:1 ratio, a pattern that often correlates with asymmetric mating between morphs and/or...

To increase the scale of restoration efforts, it is imperative to develop more cost-efficient methods. Seedling planting is the most common strategy for active restoration in the tropics, but direct seeding is increasingly being used. We estimated the costs of seed production for 50 species of forest and savanna trees in Brazil, the costs for each...

Enantiostyly is a floral polymorphism consisting in the presence of two floral morphs that differ in the deflection of the style to the right or left in the populations. Monomorphic enantiostyly consists in plants showing both morphs within an individual and is thought to promote pollen transference between morphs, reduce levels of self-pollination...

Enantiostyly is a floral polymorphism in which two floral forms in the same species differ in deflection of the stigma to right or left position. In monomorphic enantiostylous plants, flowers of the two morphs occur within the same individual, usually in the same proportion. In self‐compatible species the function of monomorphic enantiostyly is pro...

Bioassay-guided fractionation of Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth, Fabaceae, extracts has led to the isolation of cathepsin V inhibitors. The investigation of the hexane and ethyl acetate extracts allowed the characterization of eleven compounds: lupeol, lupenone, β-sitosterol and stigmasterol in mixture, trans p-coumaric acid ester derivative, syringa...

Background and aims - Hummingbirds are dependent and specialized on nectar-feeding, and many plants depend upon them for pollination. However, the degree of plant-pollinator interdependence varies greatly among species; thus, information on plant mating systems and availability of resources may help to clarify the dependence of interacting organism...

Este 1º Relatório Temático sobre Polinização, Polinizadores e Produção de Alimento no Brasil é fruto da parceria entre a Plataforma Brasileira de Biodiversidade e Serviços Ecossistêmicos (BPBES, da sigla em inglês) e a Rede Brasileira de Interações Planta-Polinizador (REBIPP). A Plataforma Brasileira tem como missão a produção de sínteses do melhor...

Este Sumário para Tomadores de Decisão (STD) resume, de forma objetiva, o 1º Relatório Temático sobre Polinização, Polinizadores e Produção de Alimento no Brasil. O documento é fruto da parceria entre a Plataforma Brasileira de Biodiversidade e Serviços Ecossistêmicos (BPBES) e a Rede Brasileira de Interações Planta-Polinizador (REBIPP). A BPBES, c...

Sympatric plant species that flower at the same time in highly seasonal environments are subject to competitive interference. Many species of the genus Psychotria (Rubiaceae) are sympatric and have an aggregated flowering period, which may have a strong influence on interactions among these species and their pollinators. We assessed the strategies...

Angiosperms display an enormous diversity of forms, functions and strategies when it comes to reproduction. This multiplicity has been translated into several terminological concepts and contexts, which have facilitated further research. On the other hand, the use of terms that address the reproduction of flowering plants has been shown to be incon...

Distylous species have flowers with short styles and long stamens (thrums), and flowers with the inverse condition (pins) in different individuals. Studies suggested that style dimorphism (floral morphs that differ only in style height) is an intermediate stage in the evolution of distyly. We found populations of Guettarda platypoda DC. with appare...

Checklist of anthophilous entomofauna from Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil. We present a checklist of the anthophilous entomofauna of Mato Grosso do Sul state (MS) based on information compiled from 17 studies, most of them achieved in Cerrado vegetation (n = 11) and less frequently in the Pantanal (n = 6). We recorded 10 groups of insects, belong...

RESUMO Apresentamos listagem da entomofauna visitante de flores do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) com base na compilação de informações obtidas em 17 estudos, a maioria realizado em áreas de Cerrado (n = 11) e menos frequentemente no Pantanal (n = 6). Foram registrados 10 grupos de insetos, pertencentes a seis ordens, 80 famílias e 411 espécies....

Hummingbirds are the most common group of vertebrate pollinators in the Neotropics, associated with pollination of ornithophilous flowers. The group can be divided into hermits and non-hermits, in which hermits are often regarded as the most specialized group closely associated with more specialized ornithophilous plants. In this study, we investig...

Distylous species have two floral morphs with reciprocal positions of sexual whorls, functioning to promote cross-pollination. Additionally, most distylous species have an incompatibility system linked to the discrete variation of anthers and stigmas. Here we provide new data on heterostyly, reproductive biology and pollination in four Psychotria s...

Distylous species have populations with two floral morphs. The pin morph has long pistils and short stamens while the thrum morph presents short pistils and long stamens. Usually heterostylous plants present a diallelic system of incompatibility and morphs occur in a 1:1 ratio (isoplethy) in the populations. Different forms of variations occur in d...

Studies involving aspects of pollination and breeding system in Angiosperms are fundamental in understanding many ecological and evolutionary processes. Thus, a literature review was conducted to aim of compiling information on the pollination and reproductive system in species of Acanthaceae Juss. in Brazil. A total of 30 studies, count 31 species...

Specialized plants like those in genus Geissomeria Lindl. (Acanthaceae) seem to depend directly on pollination by hummingbirds for reproduction. The goal of this study was to investigate the pollination biology of Geissomeria pubescens Nees (Acanthaceae) in a forest fragment in the municipality of Catalão, state of Goiás, Brazil, including aspects...

Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) are important economic pests of corn, Zea mays (Poaceae). Psychotria spp. (Rubiaceae) plants are rich in secondary metabolites that could be toxic against such pests. We have screened extracts from four species of Psychotria abundant in the Cerrado (Sa...

The objective was to identify the reproductive phenology and the pollination and dispersal syndromes of understory species of Semi-deciduous Dry Forest. The work was carried out from May 2010 to May 2011 in a forest fragment, about 29 hectares, localized in Catalao city, Goias State, Brazil. The phenological phases were observed weekly along a tran...

Distyly is a genetically controlled floral dimorphism, characterized by the reciprocal positioning of pin and thrum morphs, a heteromorphic incompatibility system and a balanced morph ratio (isoplethy). This study aimed to investigate the phenology, features of distyly, reproductive biology, and floral visitors of Psychotria goyazensis Mull. Arg. (...

Structural differences between cerrado species with different leaf phenologies are linked to crown architecture, leaf production, and biomass allocation to shoots and leaves. The present study characterized crown structures and the patterns of biomass allocation to leaves and shoots in two woody cerrado species with contrasting leaf phenologies and...

Rubiaceae contains the largest number of distylous species in the Angiosperms, but the evolution and control of distyly is poorly understood in this group. Atypical distylous populations and species have been described in this family and associated with disturbance, pollination failure and impaired reproductive success. Some of these atypical taxa...

Distyly is a floral polymorphism more common among the Rubiaceae than in any other angiosperm group. Palicourea rigida is a typically distylous species of the Rubiaceae widely distributed in the Brazilian Cerrados. This work aimed to study the floral biology and breeding system of P. rigida in order to verify if there wasasymmetry between floral mo...

Distyly is a type of reproductive system whose morphological and physiological features are used as a mechanism for increasing the xenogamy. Among the 25 Angiosperm families presenting this system, Rubiaceae is the richest. The objective of this study was to characterize the distylous system of four Palicourea species from the Cerrado of Central Br...

xix, 96 f. : il. Distilia é um tipo de sistema reprodutivo que apresenta características morfológicas(morfos florais) e fisiológicas (sistemas de incompatibilidade) como forma de potencializar a xenogamia. Dentre as 28 famílias de Angiospermas que apresentam esse sistema, Rubiaceae é a que tem a maior riqueza. No Cerrado, o destaque da família não...

Heterostyly is a floral polymorphism usually associated to intramorph-incompatible mating system. We evaluated reproductive aspects of heterostyly in a Rourea induta Planch. population in a cerrado area of Brasília, Central Brazil. Analyses of the floral biology, breeding systems, fruit set and maturation, seed germination, reproductive phenology a...

Rubiaceae is the largest family with distylous species among the Angiosperms. The distyly in those species may vary in form and degree leading to homostyly, monomorphism and dioecy. The objective of this study was to describe the floral biology, pollination and breeding system of Manettia cordifolia Mart. The study was carried out in The Panga Ecol...

Floral variation and reproductive biology of Manettia cordifolia Mart. (Rubiaceae)). Rubiaceae is the largest family with distylous species among the Angiosperms. The distyly in those species may vary in form and degree leading to homostyly, monomorphism and dioecy. The objective of this study was to describe the floral biology, pollination and bre...