Hee-Kwon Lee

• Kangwon National University

This study examined the temporal patterns of paleo-earthquake recurrences on the Korean Peninsula, situated near the Eurasian Plate boundary, by using electron spin resonance (ESR) dating to ascertain the ages at which fault gouge patches were reactivated. The findings reveal that the paleo-earthquakes in each of the fault zones (Keumwang, southern...

The Keumwang fault zone is developed in biotite gneiss, granitic gneiss and biotite granite at the Inje-gun area, Ganwong-do, Korean peninsula. We investigated three locations of fault core, which are composed of fault breccia-dominated zones and fault gouge-dominated zones. The width of the fault core is approximately about 11 ~ 23 m thick in the...

The Cheorwon area of South Korea has several records of the Quaternary faulting along the Chugaryung fault system and volcanic activity (Hantangang River Basalt). The most recent faulting event occurred along a segment of the Wangsukcheon fault (ca. 210 ka). In this study, a 5-m-deep trench was examined at the northern end of the Cheorwon Plain. Th...

We investigated two outcrops of fault core of the Keumwang fault discovered in the study area at the Girin-myeon, Inje-gun, Gangwon-do. The 23 m thick fault core which is composed of fault breccia dominated zones and fault gouge dominated zones occurs in cataclasite derived from Jurassic biotite granite. Structural evolution of fault core generated...

The last activity of faults can be dated by the ESR dating of fault gouge. ESR dating of fault gouge is based on the measurements of the number of unpaired electrons (ESR center) in the quartz minerals. These ESR centers are generated by natural ionizing radiation from U, Th, and K and have accumulated over time. ESR signals of quartz are reset by...

Although ESR signals stored after prior faulting events are all erased by the most recent event, some of the subsidiary faults preserve the records of the faulting events younger than those of the main fault (fault core). To study space-time patterns of Quaternary activity of the Keumwang fault in the Wonju-si area, Gangwon-do, we analyzed the ESR...

Detailed mapping along the Keumwang fault reveals a complex history of multiple brittle reactivations following late Jurassic and early Cretaceous ductile shearing. The fault core consists of a 10~50 m thick fault gouge layer bounded by a 30~100 m thick damaged zone. The Pre-cambrian gneiss and Jurassic granite underwent at least six distinct stage...

In order to outline the kinematics and movement history of a new Quaternary fault, Jingwan Fault in Dangjin, West Korea, we analyzed the geometry of the fault zone composed of a few gouge zones, and made ESR dating for fault gouge materials. The N55oE striking Jingwan Fault is a normal fault and exhibits a gradual change in dip (gentle in the lower...

We investigated space-time patterns of Quaternary fault activity of the Yangsan fault zone using ESR ages in the Samnam-myeon region, Ulsan, Korea. Some of fault gouge zones consist of well-defined bands which added to the older gouge band, indicative of reactivation. During addition of new bands, the older gouge band was inactive, which represents...

The Ciuntu rockshelter is situated in the north-western part of the Republic of Moldova, on the left bank of the river Pruth. It has a single Upper Palaeolithic layer of occupation, which was originally regarded as Early Upper Palaeolithic and was assigned to the Brinzeni archaeological culture. More recent investigations, including radiocarbon dat...

We investigated temporal pattern of Quaternary fault activity of the Eupchon fault zone in the southeastern part of the Korean peninsula, using ESR dating of fault rocks. The counterfeit E′ signal significantly affected the equivalent dose on some samples. In particular, the counterfeit E′ signal tends to affect samples with E′ intensity close to s...

We investigated the mesoscopic and microscopic structural features of the Keumwang fault zone, Korea, to determine the effect of different protoliths (crystalline granitic gneiss and mudrock) on fault zone structure including discrete shear surfaces, shear bands, foliation, porphyroclasts and calcite veins. Overall, in crystalline rock, the shear d...

Gyeonggi metamorphic complex in the Gwangju area include banded biotite gneiss and quartzofeldspathic gneiss. Detailed structural analysis suggests that structural elements in the study area were formed by at least five phase of deformations. Penetrative compositional foliations(S1) formed in the banded gneiss during the first metamorphism and defo...

The Wangsan fault is exposed at Kyeongju, Korea. The andesite is unconformably covered by Quaternary alternating conglomerate and sandstone deposits. The unconformity is cut by the thrust fault which displaces a hanging wall block of about 30m. Exposed at the surface of this fault is a light gray and brown fault gouge, about 40–120cm thick. In orde...

The Yangsan fault system is located near heavy industrial complexes and nuclear power plants in the Korean peninsula. We carried out ESR dating of fault rocks from the Wonwonsa and Ihwa faults, two subsidiary faults of the Yangsan fault system. ESR ages are divided into three groups in order of decreasing confidence: multiple plateau ESR ages; sing...

Electron spin resonance (ESR) dating and thermal ionization mass spectrometric Th-230/U-234 dating was conducted on six teeth from the prehistoric site of Amud Cave. By combining the ESR and Th-230/U-234 analyses, we obtained burial ages for teeth in various layers of the site. Layer B-1/6-7, from which the Amud I Neanderthal skeleton was recovered...

The Middle Carboniferous Yobong Formation with North-South trending is distributed in the Yeongheungri and Samokri of Yeongwoleup, Kangwon Province, Korea. A light gray thick and massive pure limestone is developed in the middle part of the Yobong Formation and it has been exploited for a long time. This study was carried out to investigate the lit...

The Middle Carboniferous Gabsan Formation is distributed in the Cheongrim area of southern Yeongwol and the Mt. Gachang area of Chungbuk Province. This study was carried out to investigate the lithological characters and geochemical composition of the limestones and to find out controlling structures of the limestones of the formation. The limeston...

Sediments filling the cave of El Castillo, in Cantabrian Spain, contain Acheulian, Mousterian, and Upper Palaeolithic industries. Bischoffet al. (1992) obtained a U-series isochron date of 89±10ka on a travertine layer separating Acheulian layers from the lowest Mousterian bed; layer 23. We have obtained electron spin resonance (ESR) ages on tooth...

The dose response of ESR signals in enamels extracted from young archaeological (modern) teeth aged less than 200 y were compared with fossil teeth ranging in age from about 50 to 110 ka. We aimed to test the accuracy of equivalent dose (ED) determinations on modern teeth with a known (near zero) ED because zeroing the signal in tooth enamel is not...

At El Castillo, in Cantabrian Spain, uncalibrated AMS14C dating has shown the transition from Mousterian to Aurignacian to occur at 39·3±1·6 kaBP. We found ESR tooth enamel ages from the basal Aurignacian level at El Castillo to be 36·2±4·1 ka (early and linear uptake). The enamel and dentine had very low U contents, but ESR ages are strongly depen...

We investigated temporal and spatial patterns of Quaternary fault activity of the San Gabriel fault zone in the Little Tujunga region, southern California, using the electron spin resonance (ESR) plateau dating method. Two major fault zones (San Gabriel and Santa Susana-Sierra Madre) and folds are developed in the Little Tujunga region. The traces...

We have studied the temporal distribution of paleoseismic records of earthquakes in several regions of California, over time scales ranging from decades to several hundreds of thousands years, by using dates obtained by electron spin resonance plateau dating of fault gouge, 14C dated sediments from fault zones, and records of historic earthquakes....

The use of ESR dating to determine the time of last motion on a fault requires that the signals must have been fully zeroed at the time of last motion. Zeroing can be demonstrated by comparing the ages of successively finer grain sizes of quartz; if a plateau of low ages is found for the finest grains, this should represent the age of last motion....

In using electron spin resonance (ESR) to date the time of the last movement on a fault, it is essential to demonstrate that the ESR signal was fully zeroed at the time of faulting; if the signal was not completely reset, then the ESR age obtained will be too great. We have refined the criteria for complete zeroing of ESR signals at the time of fau...

In order to investigate the effect of cataclastic deformation on ESR signals in quartz, we sheared Ottawa sand in an annular shearing apparatus, at controlled normal stress and measured ESR intensities as a function of grain size and extent of shearing. Both intensity and AD of the E′ and Al signals were reduced by shearing, decreasing with increas...

Thesis (Ph. D.)--McMaster University, 1995. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 263-288).