Hasan Yilmaz

• Professor
• Professor (Full) at Isparta University of Applied Sciences

The sustainability of agricultural production and access to healthy food are important issues in the agricultural sector. From a food safety perspective, pesticide residue problems are becoming an increasing concern for consumers worldwide. This study aims to evaluate pesticide use in greenhouse tomato production in terms of sustainability, food sa...

Rosa damascena Mill., commonly known as the Isparta rose, is a product of economic value in the perfume, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and food industries due to its distinctive fragrance. Rose products are not consumed directly but are offered for consumption in the form of processed value-added products such as rose oil and various derivatives. The...

Amaç: Geleneksel tarım yöntemlerinin, doğal kaynakların aşırı kullanımı, sera gazı emisyonu, toprak erozyonu, biyoçeşitlilik kaybı ve su kirliliği gibi bazı çevresel sorunlara neden olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu negatif etkileri azaltmak ve gelecek nesillere sağlıklı bir dünya bırakmak için ortaya atılan çözümlerden biri olan rejeneratif tarım; toprak s...

Bu çalışmada 2000-2021 dönemini kapsayacak şekilde Dünya, AB Ülkeleri ve Türkiye’deki pestisit kullanımındaki değişimin analiz edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca pestisit kullanımını düzenlemeye ve azaltmaya yönelik yapılan yasal düzenlemeler ve izlenen politikalar değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre 2021 yılı itibariyle Dünya ortalaması p...

Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de çörek otu üretiminde önemli bir yere sahip olan Burdur ili Bucak ilçesinde çörek otu üretiminin geliştirilmesi, sorunlar ve çözüm önerilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma bölgesinde çörek otu üretiminin güçlü ve zayıf yönleri ile tehdit ve fırsatlarının ortaya konması için yapılan SWOT analizinde kullanılmıştır. SW...

Bu çalışmada Edirne ili İpsala ilçesinde çeltik üreticilerinin sürdürülebilir tarım algılamaları faktör analizi ile incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın ana materyalini 89 çeltik üreticisinden anket yöntemiyle elde edilen birincil veriler oluşturmuştur. Çeltik üreticilerinin sürdürülebilir tarım algılamalarını etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi amacıyla, üret...

This study is conducted for the purpose of evaluation from the socio-economic and technical perspective of sustainability of beef cattle raising in a semi-intensive system in the Kars province of Türkiye. The study is based on primary data obtained from surveys conducted with 70 farmers engaged in semi-intensive beef farming. The study conducted si...

Potato is one of the important agricultural products in the fight against malnutrition and poverty. It is also very important for the economy of countries with its contribution to employment and foreign exchange earnings in the production process. The use of certified seeds increases yield in potato production. Potato production costs are decreased...

Amaç: Şeker pancarı üretimi; ekonomik, sosyal, politik ve çevresel etkileri açısından tartışılan bir üründür. Üretim, üreticilerle her yıl yapılan sözleşme çerçevesinde münavebeli tarım şeklinde yapılmaktadır. Bu uygulama ile toprak verimliliği korunarak tarımsal üretimde sürdürülebilirliğe katkı sağlamak amaçlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de ş...

The study aims to help rethink the future of food systems and food security in context of lessons learned from COVID-19 pandemic as global challenge from a qualitative perspective. The pandemic disrupted global food systems that were already at risk to many threats such as climate change, natural resources degradation, extreme weather events, regio...

Lake Eğirdir, located in the Lakes Region of Turkey in the Isparta province, is the fourth largest freshwater reservoir and the second largest lake of Turkey based on surface area. Significant fruit-growing activity takes place around Lake Eğirdir, and The lake is faced with environmental risks due to erroneous agricultural implementation and the u...

The purpose of the study was to conduct a comparison of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) farms in terms of adopting good agricultural practices (GAPs) in the Isparta Province of Turkey. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the farms. From the total sweet cherry farms in the research area, an estimated sample size of 98 sweet cherry f...

Bu araştırmada Edirne ili İpsala ilçesinde çeltik üreticilerinin sürdürülebilir tarım algılamalarını etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın ana materyalini, oransal örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenen 89 işletmeden anket yöntemi ile toplanan orijinal nitelikli veriler oluşturmuştur. Lojistik regresyon analizi sonuçlarına göre; ür...

Bu çalışmada, serada kokulu otsu bitki yetiştiriciliğinde uygulanan faaliyetler ve bu faaliyetlerde cinsiyete göre işgücü kullanım durumu incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın ana materyalini, Antalya ilinin Muratpaşa ilçesinde serada kokulu otsu bitkilerin yetiştiriciliğini yapan 97 işletmeden anket çalışması sonucu elde edilmiş orijinal nitelikli veriler olu...

Amaç: Isparta ilinde semt pazarlarından açık süt ve süt ürünleri satın alan tüketicilerin sosyo-ekonomik özellikleri ve eğilimlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem ve Bulgular: Analizlerde tanımlayıcı istatistik, ANOVA ve ki-kare testinden yararlanılmıştır. Çalışma bulgularında hanehalkının aylık ortalama açık süt harcamasının gıda harcamaları...

This study aims to examine rural tourism perception of local people and farmers living in Mordoğan, Izmir, Turkey. Main material of this study was obtained from surveys conducted with 103 local people and 65 farmers. In this study, factor analysis was used to determine rural tourism perceptions of local people and farmers. According to the analysis...

Marketing is very important in milk and dairy products, which are a product group with a perishable quality. It is known that women farmers play an important role in ensuring food security and safety in our country, where small family businesses are common in milk production. Women farmers play an important role in the marketing of milk and dairy p...

Özet Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de ayçiçeği üretimine yönelik yapılan tarımsal desteklerin (fark ödemesi desteği ve mazot-gübre desteği), üretici eline geçen ayçiçeği fiyatının, ayçiçeği ithalat fiyatlarının ve ayçiçeği üretiminde kullanılan en önemli girdilerden mazot-gübre fiyatlarının ayçiçeği ekim alanları üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Ta...

Forests are known to have beneficial effects on the environment, influence the climate, water sources, and temperature. Forests help in conserving biodiversity, reducing harmful effects caused by chemicals from the soil, acting as a carbon sink, and protecting watersheds, all of these have great benefits to both humans and the environment. The ecos...

This study aims to examine rural tourism from the perspective of the local people and farmers (residents) with PESTEL analysis. The main materials of this study consisted of the data obtained from the survey conducted on residents in the Mordoğan town of Karaburun district of İzmir province, Turkey. According to the result of PESTEL analysis, rural...

The study aimed to assess the challenges hindering Kenyan youth from participation in the agricultural sector. In this study, qualitative analysis was used as a basic research tool. Youth unemployment in Kenya is higher than the overall national unemployment rate. Kenya's economy is not creating enough jobs to increase the number of young people en...

Water is life; every living creature needs water to continue living. Recently, access to clean water for sanitation and consumption uses is a basic right for sustainable livelihood. Kenya has less than 1000 m3 per capita of renewable supplies of freshwater making it a water-scarce country as per the United Nations classification. In Kenya, climate...

Agricultural policies consist of laws and regulations set by the government to control both domestic and foreign agricultural activities and the trade of agricultural and related products. The policies set by the government have both direct and indirect effects on the agricultural sector which affects the food security state. Kenya has been on the...

The purpose of this study is to analyze agricultural policies and their changes through a multi-perspective approach and suggest the policy strategies for rethinking Sustainable Agricultural Development (SAD) in West Africa. To reach the study's goal, this paper investigates the structural changes and trends of agricultural policy, the key elements...

The objective of research was to economic analysis of manure utilization for fertilizer and manure management practices at the different size dairy farms engaged also in crop production in Burdur province. Data were obtained by conducting a questionnaire with 102 farmers which had dairy and crop productions. It was determined that as farm size incr...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the economics and toxicological aspects of pesticide management practices for sustainable chickpea production. The results of this study demonstrated that the average usage of pesticides is 877.30 g per hectare as an active ingredient in the chickpea growing. The average usages per hectare of active ingredient...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the economics and toxicological aspects of pesticide management practices for sustainable chickpea production. The results of this study demonstrated that the average usage of pesticides is 877.30 g per hectare as an active ingredient in the chickpea growing. The average usages per hectare of active ingredient...

The agricultural sector, indispensable in meeting the increasing demand for food, is the main user of natural resources. Agricultural production breeds significant environmental impacts and problems both within and outside farms or agricultural holdings. This situation increases the sensitivity of the agriculture to the risks that can cause serious...

Amaç: Bu çalışma Isparta ilinde tarımsal faaliyette bulunan genç çiftçilerin çiftçilik özelliklerinin ve çiftçilik yapma eğilimlerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Tasarım/metodoloji /yaklaşım: Çalışmanın ana materyali 18-40 yaş aralığında 110 genç çiftçi ile yüz yüze anket çalışması yapılarak elde edilmiştir. Veriler, bitkisel ve hayvansal...

ABSTRACT We analyzed the efficiency of farmers in the dairy production using cross-sectional data collected from 92 sample dairy farmers in the West Mediterranean Region of Turkey. The study used the Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) to measure the technical efficiency of farmers in milk production. The technical efficiency of the sample of dairy...

Cherry production has a vital role regarding income source for producers and export sources for Turkey. In Turkey, several studies have done regarding the technical practices, and most of them were not considered the economic dimension of cherry production. This research aimed to determine the production inputs, costs and profitability of cherry pr...

Cherry production has a vital role regarding income source for producers and export sources for Turkey. In Turkey, several studies have done regarding the technical practices, and most of them were not considered the economic dimension of cherry production. This research aimed to determine the production inputs, costs and profitability of cherry pr...

The study aimed to analysis the cost and income of canola production in the context of support policies to oilseeds production in the Trakya region of Turkey. In this study, the average production costs of canola were calculated as 600.13 US$ ha-1. Gross profit and net profit excluding support payments were found as 515.98 and 310.32 US$ ha-1, resp...

Turizm sektörü, küresel ekonominin büyüyen sektörlerinden biridir. Günümüzde hem gelişmiş hem de gelişmekte olan ülkeler büyüyen bu sektörden kar sağlama gayreti içerisindedirler. Turizm özellikle döviz sağlaması, ülkede üretimin genel düzeyinin arttırılması ve istihdam yaratması açısından önemli bir sektördür. 1990'lı yıllardan günümüze kadar büyü...

Pesticides use is the most important elements in determining productivity and the level of crop production. The objective of this study was to determine and evaluate the economic analysis of pesticides management in crop production for effective agro-environmental policy in the context of sustainable regional rural development. This study was carri...

Turkish livestock sector plays very important role in the Turkish GDP and the use of manure affects the environment but the farming sector want the farmers to employ the use of more integrated manure practice. The study assessed the economic impacts of integrated manure and chemical fertilizer used and the manure management practices sustainable fo...

ZET Tarım sektöründe, kadın işgücünün işgücü piyasasındaki durumu, işgücü piyasasına katılımı özel bir çalışma gerektirmektedir. Kadın işgücü, tarım sektöründe düşük ücretli bir güç olarak kabul edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Türk tarımında kadının işgücüne katılımı değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın verileri TUİK ve diğer ikincil kaynaklardan elde edilmiş...

Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de ve Dünyada çeltik üretim, pazarlama ve ticaretinde yaşanan gelişmeler ile Türkiye’de çeltik üretimini artırmaya yönelik politikalar incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın verileri FAO, TUİK ve diğer ikincil kaynaklardan elde edilmiştir. Çeltik, gelişmekte olan ülkelerin en önemli gıda ürünü ve dünya nüfusunun yarısından fazlasının temel...

The goal of this paper was to identify the leadership approach and dimensions influencing the managerial perceptions of the agricultural organization’s president. This research was carried out with agricultural organization presidents by using questionnaires. For this purpose, 29 items were given to presidents and a Likert scale used for the degree...

Pesticides are used to control and avoid crop losses from pests, diseases and weeds. Various kinds of pesticides have been used in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) production to increase yield and farm income, to decrease crop loss in Turkey. The objective of this research was to evaluate the economic and environmental effects of pesticide use for susta...

The aim of this study is to provide an analysis on how producers have been affected by the decisions made in 2000 in the agricultural sector. Data collected from the focus group discussions was compared to the agricultural policy effects on Antalya Burdur and Isparta provinces. The participants were primarily selected from a list of state instituti...

This study aims to determine adoption level of farmers to integrated pest management (IPM) program and also to analyse the agricultural pesticide usage in apple growing. The primary data includes a research carried out through a questionnaire method which was conducted to apple producers in Antalya, Denizli, Isparta, Karaman, Konya and Niğde. Accor...

Crop production after natural calamities requires compensation system similar to crop insurance. Developing crop insurance in line with international practice is critical to the sound development of the country’s agriculture. The new government-subsidised crop insurance system has had an important position in horticulture sector of Turkey, recently...

Purpose of this study was to determine effect of initial weight on beef cattle performance, cost and profitability in beef cattle farms in Afyon province. Data were obtained by conducting a questionnaire with 100 beef cattle farms selected by stratified random sampling method. Beef cattle farms were divided into three groups according to initial we...

Despite the efforts of the government to increase oil seed production, Turkey continues to be import-dependent due to a net deficit in oilseeds and products. For this reason, The Turkish government began supporting oilseeds production in 2001 and continues to support oilseed production with production premium programs. The government of Turkey pays...

This study estimates the technical efficiency of goat rearing in the province of Isparta in Turkey using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The data used were collected from 92 goat farmers using the stratified sampling method by means of a questionnaire. The technical efficiency of the goat farming varied widely between 0.13 and 1.00. The mean effic...

The aim of this research is to determine environmental sensitivity of producers and to perform an economic analysis of pesticide use in apple production in Isparta province. The study was carried out in the main apple production villages of Egirdir, Gelendost and Senirkent districts during the 2002-2003 production season. The data used in this stud...

The purpose of this study is to investigate and com pare potatoes production cost and income among cities of Nide, Nevehir, Bolu, Afyon andzmir which represent intensive potatoes production areas in Turkey. The net profit per decare from potatoes production was highest in Nide (327.831 thousand TL) followed by Bolu (311.007 thousand TL), Afyon (293...

Geliş Tarihi: 12/08/2003 ÖZET Bu çalışmada, Adana ilinde buğday, mısır ve pamuk gibi önemli tarla ürünlerinin ekim alanlarında son yıllarda gözlenen büyük değişmeler ürünlerin göreli fiyatları ve karlılıkları açısından incelenmiştir. İncelenen 1990-2000 döneminde, pamuk ekim alanlarındaki mısır lehine daralma 1990 yılına göre %60 dolayındadır. Bu d...

Integrated pest management came to Turkey with international projects in 1980s and it has been implemented by Food, Agriculture and Livestock Ministry in various product groups. The present research aims to determine the socioeconomic factors affecting the level of integrated pest management methods' implementation of enterprises involved in cherry...

The main objective of this study was to estimate the economic losses resulting from overdose used of pesticide and determining of economic costs on practices of pesticide application and level of pesticide use on oil rose production in Turkey. Lakes Region of Turkey was chosen as research area because oil rose is a major crop grown in the study are...

The main objective of this study was to determine the amounts and types of pesticides used in apple orchards, as apples are one of the most important products of Turkey and to analyze the amount of economic losses on farm-level and costs of pesticides use in comparison with application levels used by growers and suggested in apple production by ext...

The main objective of this study was to determine the amounts and types of agricultural chemicals used in vineyards as one of the most important products of Turkey and to analysis the farm-level economic losses amount and cost of agricultural chemicals use in comparison with application levels used by growers and suggested in vineyards production b...

Pesticides are chemicals that are used to control and avoid crop losses from pests, diseases and weeds. Various kinds of pesticides have been used in sweet cherry growing to increase yield and farm income in Turkey. This study was conducted to analyze the farm-level of pesticide use in sweet cherry growing in West Mediterranean region of Turkey. Da...

The aim of this study was to analyze in terms of environmental consciousness farmers' decisions and attitudes in pesticide use. Data were obtained from melon growers of the villages of Cankiri Province of Turkey. The farms were chosen by the random sampling method. Chi-square test (chi(2)) was used for analyzing the relationships between some selec...

The main objective of this study was to determine the current family labour use patterns of farm households in hair goat farming systems using gender analysis. The study focused on investigating male and female labour use within the family in traditional hair goat farming activities by hair goat farming calendar. A survey was conducted using a face...

In this study Antalya, Denizli, Isparta, Karaman, Konya and Nigde province’ farms which are dominant in apple cultivation has been compared in terms of early warning adoption level and some social economic indicators. With this scope in the study region stratified sampling method had been used and sampling size has been determined 267 farms. In the...

Agricultural insurance is one of the possible measures to meet the risks that may occur because of the natural disasters and to ensure continuity of production in agricultural sector. This study was conducted to evaluating the results of government supported crop insurance (GSCIS) policies in terms of the apple producers and to determine characteri...

The main objective of this study was to determine the factors affecting the government supported bumble bees use as pollinators by greenhouse producers in the Mediterranean Coastal Region of Turkey. The data used in this study were collected from growers by using a face to face survey. To this end, data was obtained by using simple random sampling...

This paper introduces the current situation and future development of the laying hen sector in Turkey, identifying and offering solutions to sectorial problems. Egg production in Turkey was 384 930 tonnes in 1990, and increased by 92.25% to 740 024 tonnes in 2010. Although annual egg consumption in Turkey exceeds the world average (8.9 kg/person/ye...

Hair goat farming in Turkey has an important position in terms of economic, ecological and sociological aspects of animal production. Hair goat husbandry in Turkey is carried out mainly in the form of small-scale farming family in areas that are unsuitable for crops, especially in mountainous and forested areas, under extensive farming conditions....

The melon traditionally has been one of Cankiri's best known produce items. The aim of this study is to make an economic analysis of melon grown in open field by determining the production cost and return in Cankiri province of Turkey. The data used in the study were obtained from 87 local melon growers using a questionnaire. The farms were chosen...

In this study, different goat farms in Isparta province, which have considerable importance in goat farming in Turkey, were compared in terms of performance, production cost and profitability and the most profitable farm size was determined. Data were obtained by conducting a questionnaire with 92 goat farms selected by stratified random sampling m...

ZET: Tarım sektörü ekonomik, sosyal, politik ve teknik yönleriyle diğer sektörlerden farklılığı olan önemli bir sektör konumundadır. Bu nedenle ülkeler tarım sektörüne çeşitli şekillerde müdahale etmekte ve her ülke kendi önceliklerine göre farklı tarımsal destekleme politikaları uygulamaktadır. Tarımda Doğrudan Gelir Desteği (DGD) Türkiye açısında...

Iin this study, different capacity laying hen farms in Afyon province, which are of a considerable importance in the laying hen farming in Turkey, were compared in the terms of performance, including feed consumption, production cost and profitability per chick and egg and the most profitable farm size was determined. Data were obtained by conducti...

The aim of this study was to determine the academic and institutional service quality perception levels of students at the Faculty of Agriculture. This research was conducted with 343 students by using questionnaires in the faculty of agriculture at Suleyman Demirel University. For this purpose, 35 statements were given to students and the degree o...

The aim of the study was to investigate the chemical fertilizer use levels of grown crops in Isparta province, Turkey and economic loses because of excessive fertilizer used by comparing of fertilizer amount recommended by Agricultural Research Institute and farmer's fertilizer application. In addition, in this study was examined the levels of awar...

In this study, activities to the livestock sector were evaluated as part of the Ordu-Giresun Rural Development Project (OGRDP) and the contributions of these activities to the livestock sector were determined. Project activities such as credit distribution, animal feed distribution, farmer training, rehabilitation of animal house, pasture and meado...

This study determined the economic effects of avian influenza on the egg-production sector of Afyon Province, Turkey. Economic indicators were compared before and during the avian influenza outbreak. A questionnaire was conducted with 75 poultry farmers. Farms were divided into three groups according to their size. The profitability of the three fa...

Aim of the study, was to analyze economics of manure use for different size and to try to establish a budget for plant nutrient demands and in addition to show how much fertilizer could be saved by introducing manure as fertilizer in beef cattle farms engaged also in crop production in Afyon province in Turkey. Data were obtained by conducting a qu...

Globalization is the most important fact the world faced in last twenty five years. Rapid changes under influence of globalization really affect countries economy. Economies have to respond to these changes. Agriculture which is oldest sector is the one that faced globalization. Advances in free trade of agricultural goods forced agriculture to be...

Agriculture sector is distinguished from other sectors in terms of economic, social, politic and technical aspects. Thus each country interfere the agricultural sector and implements agricultural support policies for its own priorities. Direct Income Support in agriculture is a new support system in the world as is in Turkey. This study was conduct...

Türkiye’de tarım politikalarında etkinsizlik uzun yıllardan bu yana tartışılmaktadır. Bu etkinsizlikte bugüne kadar uygulanan politikaların daha çok politik kaygılarla ele alınmış olmasının da etkili olduğu çeşitli platformlarda dile getirilmektedir. Son yıllarda bu etkinsizliğin artık sürdürülemez olduğu anlaşılmış ve bu nedenle reform ihtiyacı gü...

In this study livestock policies and support carried out by Turkey in the harmonization process to European Union (EU) are compared to those carried out by EU. There are important differences in terms of structural property, livestock support and policies between Turkey and EU. Policies in Turkey are aimed to increase production whereas policies in...

Demircan, V., Koknaroglu, H., Yilmaz, H. and Dernek, Z. 2007. Economic analysis of beef cattle farms in Turkey. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 31: 143–148.To analyze economic structure of different beef cattle farm sizes in Afyon province in Turkey, data were obtained by conducting a questionnaire with 100 beef cattle farms selected by stratified random samp...

This study was conducted to determine where the farmers spend the Direct Income Support (DIS) receiving from the Government and the level of its spending for agricultural and non agricultural purposes in Isparta Province. Result of this study showed that percentage of DIS spent for agricultural purposes was 77 % farmers, while 23 % of that was spen...

Agriculture plays an important role in Turkey, both in social and economic terms. Subsistence and semi-subsistence farming is an important characteristic of the Turkish agriculture. These farms are typically characterized by low productivity and only a small fraction of production has been marketed. While the rate of agriculture in national income...

Negotiations process is a detail survey process which determined that in what manner the candidate state will accept the acquisitions of EU and which duration and how the candidate state will built the administrative construction that is necessary for application. The basic responsible of Turkey is the agricultural laws and regulations of EU should...

Legal and Structural preparations and politic precautions studies has been hold aimed at solving agricultural problems in Turkey in recent years and a change process is seen. Turkey should consider in EU adaptation studies the dynamic character of CAP, the last changes in CAP and what future form of CAP will be. It is important for Turkey to determ...

Profitability indicators and production costs of dry onions in mainly producing provinces were investigated in this study. Results showed that there were important differences in the cost of production, the yield and the profitability from dry onions among regions. It was determined that there was about 1.86 fold difference between the highest (Pro...

In this study, it is aimed to investigate and compare raw cotton production cost and income among cities of Adana, Sanlıurfa, Antalya, Aydın, Hatay and Izmir which represent as an area the cotton is produced intensively in Turkey. Results showed that there were important differences among cities in terms of raw cotton production cost and income ite...

The purpose of this study is to investigate and compare chick-pea production cost and income among cities of Adıyaman, Afyon, Balıkesir, Burdur, Çorum, Diyarbakır, Eskişehir, İçel, Karaman, Konya, Kütahya, Kahramanmaraş, Şanlıurfa, Uşak and Yozgat which represent intensive chick-pea production areas in Turkey. Results showed that there were importa...

Bu çalışmada, son 38 yıllık (1965-2003) dönemde Türkiye’de kimyasal gübre üretim, tüketim ve dış ticaretindeki gelişmeler incelenmiş ve Türkiye’nin dünya’ daki konumu ortaya konmuştur. İncelenen dönem boyunca kimyasal gübre üretim, tüketim ve dış ticaretinde önemli artışlar gerçekleşmiş olmasına rağmen hem üretim ve hem de tüketimde istenilen düzey...