Hasan Tunaz

Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University · Plant protection

Abstract The use of biocidal larvicides in the control against mosquitoes is important in reducing the adverse effects on non-target organisms and the environment. In this study, it was aimed to determine the most effective concentrations and durations of Bacillus thrungiensis var. israilensis and spinosad larvicides for controlling of the Culex sp...

A series of tests was carried out in the laboratory for comparison of the insecticidal effect of propylene oxide (PPO) alone and in combination with low pressure and/or elevated levels of carbon dioxide against eggs, larvae, pupae and adults of Ephestia cautella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). All life stages of E. cautella were exposed to PPO a...

In search for potential entomopathogenic fungi for microbial control of Rhyzopertha dominica, 75 Beauveria bassiana isolates previously recovered from stored-grain insects sampled in Adana and Mersin provinces of Turkey were tested and the mortality levels were used to evaluate possible effects of three sampling factors on encountering potential is...

In this study, Propylene oxide (PPO) alone and combination of PPO with low pressure (100 mm Hg) and high concentration of carbon dioxide (%92 CO2) were investigated for rapid disinfestations of dried figs as a replacement for methyl bromide by evaluating its toxicity against major insect pests, Ephestia cautella and Plodia interpunctella of stored...

A series of tests was carried out in the laboratory for comparison of the insecticidal effect of propylene oxide (PPO) alone and in combination with low pressure and/or elevated levels of carbon dioxide against eggs, larvae, pupae and adults of Ephestia cautella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). All life stages of E. cautella were exposed to PPO a...

The occurrence and abundance of insect pests infesting stored-corn in three climatic zones of Turkey (southern (Adana, Mersin and Kahramanmaraş provinces), southeastern (Şanlıurfa province) and central (Konya province) regions) were studied by taking corn samples from different corn storages in each region every each month from June up to and inclu...

We posed the hypothesis that inhibition of eicosanoid biosynthesis leads to increased lipid peroxidation in insects. Here we report that rearing the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella, on media supplemented with selected inhibitors of eicosanoid biosynthesis throughout the larval, pupal and adult life led to major alterations in selected oxidati...

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Natural microbial infections to insects collected from agrarian fields surrounding Hatay Province,Turkey were determined by assessing nodulaiton which is one of insect cellular immunity. After identifying insect specimens, the insects were dissected to assess numbers of nodules. Nodulation is one of the predominant cellular immune reactions to micr...

In present study, residual contact toxicity of spinetoram suspension applied to bean against Acanthocelides obtectus Say. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) adults was investigated under laboratory conditions. In laboratory bioassays, A. obtectus adults were exposed to bean sprayed with spinetoram suspension at 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 ppm (mg active ingredient/k...

Naturally occurring fungal pathogens of stored-grain insect pests were identified and quantified using different insect sampling techniques in wheat and maize storage facilities in Central and South Anatolia in Turkey. Storage facilities were sampled by probing, trapping and visual inspection in five cities (Şanliurfa, Kahramanmaraş, Adana, Mersin...

Results of a field study designed to assess the extent of natural microbial infections in insects collected from agrarian fields surrounding Adana, Turkey, are reported. We identified and dissected specimens to assess the numbers of nodules. Formation of darkened melanotic nodules is the predominant cellular immune reaction to microbial and parasit...

The first step of the cellular defense reactions to bacterial, fungal and some viral infections in insects is nodulation. We posed the hypothesis that Spodoptera littoralis, expresses melanoic nodulation reactions to bacterial challenge and that injecting S. littoralis larvae with eicosanoid biosnthesis inhibitors (EBIs) plus bacteria would increas...

The purpose of this study is to examine the fumigant effects of some plant essential oils and their selected monoterpenoid components to American cockroach (Periplaneta americana). In this study, Allium sativum, Allium cepa, Thymus vulgaris, Oregano dubium, Rosemarinus officinalis and Brassica nigra essential oils and carvacrol, citronella, cllyl i...

Eicosanoids are oxygenated metabolites of three C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4n-6), but also 20:3n-6 and 20:5n-3. Aside from their importance in biomedicine, eicosanoids act in invertebrate biology. Prostaglandins (PGs) influence salt and water transport physiology in insect rectal epithelia and in Malpighian tub...

Coccinellid parazitoiti, Dinocampus (Perilitus) coccinellae (Schrank) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) tarafından parazitlenen Coccinella septempunctata L. erginlerinin Adana, Osmaniye ve Mersin illerinde dağılımı Abstract: It was determined that abundance of adults of Coccinella septempunctata L. parasitized by coccinellid parasitoid, Dinocampus coccinel...

In this study, seasonal abundance of adults of Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) parasitized by coccinellid parasitoid, Dinocampus coccinellae (Schrank) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in three different regions (Central, Andırın and Göksun district) in Kahramanmaraş province were determined. This study indicated that parasitism ra...

Insect immunology is an active research arena, however, the vast majority of research in the area is conducted on model species taken from laboratory cultures. We tested the hypothesis that insects are regularly exposed to infections or invasions in nature and here report results of a field study designed to assess the extent of natural infections...

Insects express 3 lines of protection from infections and invasions. Their cuticles and peritrophic membranes are physical barriers. Infections and invasions are quickly recognized within insect bodies, and recognition launches 2 lines of innate immune reactions. Humoral reactions involve induced synthesis of antimicrobial peptides, the bacteriolyt...

In insects, nodulation is the first step in cellular defense reactions to bacterial, fungal, and some viral infections. The hypothesis was posed that the hemipteran pest E. integriceps produces melantoic nodulation reactions to bacterial challenge and that eicosanoids mediate these reactions. Treating the adult of E. integriceps with Serratia marce...

The fumigant toxicity of various essential oils and selected monoterpenoid components were tested against the adult German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Responses varied according to plant material, concentration, and exposure time. High insecticidal activity against adult B. germanica specimens was achieved with...

Nodulation is the quantitatively predominant insect cellular immune function activated in response to bacterial, fungal and some viral infections. We posed the hypothesis that parasitoid insects express melanotic nodulation reactions to viral challenge and that eicosanoids mediate these reactions. Treating fifth-instar larvae of the ichneumonid end...

Injecting larvae of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decernfineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomeliclae), with eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibitor, phenidone (104 μg larva-1), immediately prior to intrahemocoelic injections of the fungus bassiana (Bals.) Vuill (Deuteromycota: Hyphomycetes) (isolate No: HRI-215: 10 μg larva-1 from 2 × 106 blastos...

Pathogenicity of 13 strains of entomopathogenic fungi belonging to genera Paecilomyces, Tolypocladium, Beauveria, Metarhizium, and Lecanicillium (=Verticillium) was evaluated on fourth instar larvae of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Schiff.) (Lep.: Thaumatopoeidae). Larvae were treated individually by dipping into conidial suspension with the concentrati...

Nodulation is the predominant insect cellular immune response to bacterial and fungal infections and it can also be induced by some viral infections. Treating seventh instar larvae of greater wax moth Galleria mellonella with Bovine herpes simplex virus-1 (BHSV-1) induced nodulation reactions in a dose-dependent manner. Because eicosanoids mediate...

The olfactory systems of terrestial animals are designed to trap and sample volatile hydrophobic molecules. Some of these molecules are odorants, such as volatile plant compounds and pheromonesemitted from the other organisms. Insect antennae have a primary function of detecting odors including sex pheromones and plant volatiles. In moths, the orga...

Influence of fungal species (conidia spores) on mortality of Pieris brassicae larvae differed when injected into the larvae. The effects of B. bassiana (ARSEF-1151) were expressed in a conidial dose-dependent manner on mortality of the larvae. An increased and faster mortality of the larvae followed B. bassiana (ARSEF-1151) infection when the spore...

The first formed cellular defense reactions to bacterial infections in insects is nodulation. In the present study, injecting larvae of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) with eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibitors, quickly prior to intrahemocoelic injections of the bacterium, Serratia marcescens, s...

We describe a phospholipase A2 (PLA2) associated with the salivary glands of tobacco hornworms, Manduca sexta. This enzyme is able to hydrolyze arachidonic acid from the sn-2 position of PLs. Addition of the calcium chelator, EGTA, or calcium, to the Tris reaction buffer impaired the PLA2 activity, from which we infer the enzyme requires very low c...

The entomopathogenic bacterium, Xenorhabdus nematophila, induces immunodepression in target insects and finally leads to lethal septicemia of the infected hosts. A hypothesis has been raised that the bacteria inhibit eicosanoid-biosynthesis pathway to interrupt immune signaling of the infected hosts. Here, we show direct evidence that X. nematophil...

Insecticides with growth regulating properties (IGR) may adversely affect insects by regulating or inhibiting specific biochemical pathways or processes essential for insect growth and development. Some insects exposed to such compounds may die due to abnormal regulation of hormone-mediated cell or organ development. Other insects may die either fr...

Intracellular phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) is responsible for releasing arachidonic acid from cellular phospholipids, and is thought to be the first step in eicosanoid biosynthesis. Intracellular PLA(2)s have been characterized in fat body and hemocytes from tobacco hornworms, Manduca sexta. Here we show that bacterial challenge stimulated increased...

Nodulation is the first step of the cellular defense reactions to bacterial infections in insects. In the present study, injecting larvae of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, with eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibitors, immediately prior to intrahemocoelic injections of the bacterium. Serratia marcescens, sharply reduced the nodulation respo...

Prostaglandins and related eicosanoids are oxygenated metabolites of certain C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Eicosanoids are best understood in the context of their clinical significance in human medicine. We suggest a new and broader view of eicosanoids, which we have been calling a 'biological paradigm'. Under this view, we note that eicosanoids...

We describe prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis by isolated midgut preparations from tobacco hornworms, Manduca sexta. Microsomal-enriched midgut preparations yielded four PGs, PGA/B(2), PGD(2), PGE(2) and PGF(2alpha), all of which were confirmed by analysis on gas chromatography--mass spectrometry (GC--MS). PGA and PGB are double bond isomers which do...

We describe prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis by microsomal-enriched fractions of fat body prepared from larvae of the tenebrionid beetle, Zophobas atratus. PG biosynthesis was sensitive to incubation time, temperature, pH, substrate and protein concentration. Optimal PG biosynthesis conditions of those we examined included 2 mg of microsomal-enriche...

I report on the biosynthesis and actions of prostaglandins (PGs) in insect immune tissues. PGs, oxygenated metabolites of arachidonic acid, are important mediators of insect cellular defense reactions to infections. While PGs and PG biosynthesis have been recorded in a few insect tissues, there remains a large lacuna in our understanding of PG bios...

Nodulation is the first, and qualitatively predominant, cellular defense reaction to bacterial infections in insects. We tested the hypothesis that eicosanoids also mediate nodulation reactions to bacterial challenge in adults of a social insect, the honey bee, Apis mellifera. Treating newly-emerged experimental bees with the eicosanoid biosynthesi...

We describe prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis by microsomal-enriched fractions of fat body prepared from true armyworms, Pseudaletia unipuncta. PG biosynthesis was sensitive to experimental conditions, including incubation time, temperature, pH, substrate and protein concentration. Optimal PG biosynthesis conditions included 1 mg of microsomal-enrich...

We report on the presence of high proportions of arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) in the tissue lipids of adult fireflies, Photinus pyralis. Arachidonic acid typically occurs in very small proportions in phospholipids (PLs) of terrestrial insects, ranging from no more than traces to less than 1% of PL fatty acids, whil...

Nodulation is the first and quantitatively most important cellular defense reaction to bacterial infections in insects. Treating adults of the 17-year periodical cicadas, Magicicada septendecim and M. cassini, with eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibitors immediately prior to intrahemocoelic injections of the bacterium, Serratia marcescens, sharply reduc...

Nodulation is the first, and qualitatively predominant, cellular defense reaction to bacterial infections in insects. Treating larvae of the butterfly Colias eurytheme with the eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibitor dexamethasone, strongly impaired nodulation reactions to bacterial infections. The influence of dexamethasone was reversed by treating infe...

Nodulation is the temporally and quantitatively most important cellular defense reaction to bacterial infections in insects. Inhibition of eicosanoid biosynthesis in adults of the cricket, Gryllus assimilis, immediately prior to intrahemocoelic injections of the bacterium, Serratia marcescens, sharply reduced the nodulation response. Separate treat...

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Nebraska--Lincoln, 1998. Includes bibliographical references.

A survey to reveal naturally occurring entomopathogenic fungi on coccinellids in the East Mediterranean region of Turkey was conducted in 2004 and 2005. Beauveria and Paecilomyces species were found as pathogens of coccinellids. Fungal infection leve l in an overwintering site of coccinellids was sign ificantly higher than those in the other locati...

There are two major areas of insect immunity, cell-free immunity and hemocytic immunity. These are sometimes called humoral immunity and cellular immunity. These two immunological responses are complimentary, and both may be seen in response to the same infection. Immunity in insects and in other invertebrates differs from the immune systems of mam...

ZET: Memelilerde bir çok önemli biyolojik aktiviteye sahip olan eikosanoidler yapı olarak lipitlerle ilişkili olan bir moleküldür. Fakat, son zamanlarda böcek sistemlerinde de eikosanoidlerle ilgili bir çok araştırma yapılmıştır. Bu makelede memelilerdeki prostaglandin biyosentezi ve böcekler ile memelilerdeki prostaglandin biyosentezindeki benzerl...