Haryati Yaacob

• PhD in Highway Material
• Senior Lecturer at University of Technology Malaysia

Bitumen emulsion is an important building material, especially in highway pavement construction. It is a mixture of bitumen (asphalt), water and emulsifying agent, dispersed in tiny particles in an aqueous medium. It is an important material widely used in the pavement construction ever since the first introduction in the year 1900's. This paper ai...

Green highway is a highway project that has been designed and constructed with the sustainability requirements and global standard. Basically, green highway is one of the major parts for sustainable concept where three major aspects are addressed which are economic, social and environment. The main focus for economic aspect is to increase profitabi...

The asphalt used to construct or rehabilitation roads often contains reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in order to diminish not only the use of raw materials but also waste. However, when high level of RAP in hot mix asphalt (HMA) is used, the rejuvenating agents must be employed. A number of aspects must be taken into account to increase pavement s...

The service life of road pavement reduces as it ages and loses its properties due to the exposure to varying traffic loads and climatic conditions. This study explores the potential rejuvenation of the aged asphalt properties to enable it to be reused in pavement by adding hybrid rejuvenator (WEO-MLT). The WEO-MLT is composed of waste engine oil an...

This study presents the relationship between the strength and Liquidity Index (LI) of laterite under various percentage of cement (0, 7 and 13%) in 7-days curing period. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) of 7 and 13% of soil weight is added to the soil and various moisture contents are used based on the Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) value from the co...

Utilizing waste materials and reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in road construction is gaining research interest. The pricey nature of building roads is attributed to the energy required for new material production and its environmental impact. The study investigated rheological and chemical properties of reclaimed asphalt pavement using PET additi...

Sustainable pavement is essential for country development, offering durable, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective infrastructure. For Malaysia, sustainable pavement supports Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 9 and 11 while addressing road deterioration caused by increasing traffic volumes and loads. This deterioration shortens pavement s...

Mixing Recycled Asphalt Binder (RAP) with fresh asphalt mixture offers both environmental and economic advantages. However, the aged asphalt binder in RAP presents a significant challenge in sustainable asphalt pavement construction. One of sustainable approach is by using Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) to bring back the original properties of aged asphal...

The aging and deterioration of asphalt binders are critical factors that impact the performance and longevity of the road surface. This bibliometric analysis seeks to comprehensively capture the knowledge gaps and recent developments in asphalt binder aging by identifying the intellectual structure, influence authors, institutions, and emerging the...

Primary issues in pavement engineering, such as rutting, moisture damage, and fatigue cracking, have prompted numerous studies aimed at improving pavement performance. Utilizing biomaterial waste to modify bitumen through nanotechnology is a promising approach to improve asphalt-mixture properties and aligns with goals of sustainability and reducin...

The deterioration of Malaysia’s flexible road pavements due to rutting and moisture damage presents a critical problem. Meanwhile, disposing of glass fiber wastes from manufacturing process further worsens environmental concerns. This research explores the feasibility of using glass fiber wastes as bitumen modifiers and stabilizers in stone mastic...

In Malaysia, the escalating annual road traffic accidents, primarily attributed to human factors, necessitate a closer examination of these influences. This study focuses on assessing the impact of lane segregation on motorcyclists’ behavior within multilane roadways. Conducted along the R5 highway from Kapar to Kuala Selangor, classified as a rura...

In this study, the construction and pavement properties of warm mix asphalt (WMA) in rural areas were examined in comparison with the conventional mixture of hot mix asphalt (HMA). Both WMA and HMA mixtures were constructed at Kg Ayer Merah, Mersing, Johor in accordance with Public Work Department specifications, regarding redesign of road pavement...

Recently, the volume and growth of industrial as well as agricultural waste have caused environmental pollution. However, this issue can be mitigated through recycling and reutilization of such waste products. Therefore, this paper evaluated the potential of Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA), garnet waste, and sawdust as sustainable modified asphalt binders...

Bitumen pavements play a critical role in modern transportation infrastructure, providing durable and reliable surfaces for roads and highways. However, traditional bitumen modifiers often rely on non-renewable resources and may contribute to environmental degradation. In response to the need for sustainable alternatives, this study explores the po...

Construction activities contribute to ground-borne vibrations, leading to structural damage and adverse environmental effects like noise pollution and human discomfort. Piling, particularly dynamic piling using a hammer drop, is a common construction practice in Malaysia for erecting high-rise buildings. However, this activity, if conducted near ur...

Bitumen is composed of four primary fractions, which are saturate, asphaltene, resin, and aromatic. All fractions are important in determining the linear viscoelastic behavior of bitumen including asphaltene. Changes in asphaltene content affected the stiffness and viscosity of bitumen. This study assesses the influenced of asphaltene on the physic...

The high cost of road construction due to the energy required for new material production and the environmental impact necessitates the use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and other waste materials. This paper examined the effect of using RAP with a PET additive as a rejuvenator. PET additive (2%) was added to the virgin binder (VB) of 60/70 pe...

Despite the high risks reflected from the annual road traffic casualties, motorcycles remain a popular mode of transport in Malaysia due to economic and ease-of-use factors. Therefore, various parties need to play their roles, make proper plans and take actions to accommodate the needs of the motorcyclists in Malaysia. Consequently, some fundamenta...

Asphalt recycling technology with a high content of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is becoming more important as the price of paving materials rises and sustainable development and environmental conservation rules become more rigorous. Nevertheless, road authorities in numerous countries still prohibit the utilisation of RAP in asphalt mixes due...

This paper focuses on the aspect of road safety based on the impact of pavement conditions on accident severities. Four models of binomial and multinomial logistic regression were produced using the R software and utilizing two years of accident and pavement conditions data on Malaysian highways. The surface characteristics analyzed included the In...

This study looked at the state-of-the-art present knowledge base and trends in the area of using rejuvenators in reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) by systemic analysis and visualisation using VOSviewer and Scopus analyser; a total of 1872 studies were mined from the Scopus database for the purpose of this study. This quantitative approach to the rev...

The wide application of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is hindered due to the highly brittle nature of the material, which contributes a major factor towards cracking-related distresses. While the utilisation of rejuvenating agents has been shown to enhance the flexibility of RAP, they also trigger certain negative effects on the performance of a...

Recently, the interest among researchers in nanopolymers used in modified binders has increased in order to achieve high performance of the bituminous mixture. This work presents a study on HMA with different nanopolymer proportions and different mix gradation types conducted to evaluate the rheological performance of asphalt binder and HMA mixture...

One way to monitor accidents on highway is to analyze the accident characteristic to predict the accident severity. This study applied multinomial logistic regression model to predict accident severity. Predicted accident severities are compared with actual accident severities to evaluate the prediction performances of the model. The aim of this st...

Cracking is a typical problem that deteriorates the strength and longevity of a pavement structure. Waste plastic in pavement construction is cost-effective and environmentally friendly. The use of waste plastic has been growing in recent years. Adding waste plastics to the asphalt mixture would improve its physical and mechanical characteristics....

Special Issue on Sustainable Asphalt Pavements Using Alternative Binders

This paper presents results and discussion regarding the addition of steel fibre in stone mastic asphalt (SMA) application. SMA is a gap-graded asphalt mixture that consists of a large proportion of coarse aggregate, a high percentage of asphalt binder and a substantial amount of filler that provides a durable surface course. However, SMA has its o...

This study is intended to deliver a better understanding on the improvements obtained through bitumen modification. By giving new ideas to the road engineers on how to manipulate the particular properties of constituent materials, it is hoped that this can increase the usage value of bitumen and its application in road construction. This project al...

The properties of aged asphalt can be renewed using rejuvenating agents. Rejuvenators can improve the performance of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) by reducing the asphaltene-to-maltene ratio back to their initial state. This study assessed the function of maltene as a rejuvenator to renew aged asphalt. Penetration, softening point, ductility and...

The asphalt mixtures using elevated percentages of the reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) are of significant interest due to its ability to address environmental issues and reduce cost of asphalt. However, utilising elevated RAP content is associated with several disadvantages. Hence, this study explores the potential application of maltene as a reju...

The durability of asphaltic mixtures, in addition to traffic loading, is greatly influenced by the extremes environmental parameters. For instance, at higher temperatures, bitumen becomes soft, thereby reducing the stiffness of asphalt mixtures and making them vulnerable to rutting. On the other hand, at lower temperatures, the stiffness of bitumen...

Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) has received much attention recently due to its increased use in hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavements to enhance pavement sustainability. The use of aged asphalt in RAP, which is highly oxidised and has lost its properties due to exposure to traffic loads and climatic conditions throughout its lifespan, can cause asphalt...

Recently, the use of natural rubber polymer, such as cup lump rubber in asphalt, has increased due to the fluctuation in natural rubber prices and the demand for modified asphalt. However, information on this new type of rubberised asphalt product is still limited. Thus, a detailed investigation of its performance is necessary for in-depth understa...

Road traffic noise is a significant environmental issue. Porous asphalt is often used to mitigate this problem. However, the clogging issue is one of the main challenges of using porous asphalt. Clogging leads to a significant reduction in permeability and sound absorption as the pavement aged. This study measures the changes in the microstructural...

Short-term ageing is a common issue in bitumen mixing production, and it severely affects the physical, rheological and chemical properties of the bitumen. Polymer modified bitumen is regarded as a preferable paving material to improve the performance of asphalt pavement against binder ageing. One of the additive types used to innovate modified bit...

The use of crumb rubber to modify asphalt mixtures has astounding economic and environmental benefits. However, the use of asphalt mixture modified by crumb rubber is uncertain specifically when it is added by the dry method due to the low stability and cracking performance of the produced mixtures. Moreover, the high air void content of the produc...

In recent years, the use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) has gained much attention and is widely accepted. However, the rejuvenating agents which are usually used to reduce the rigidity of the aged asphalt are subjected to diverse climate circumstances. The present work used maltene as a rejuvenator to investigate several measurements regarding...

In the recent years, the use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in the pavement has become inevitable for economic and environmental reasons. However, the brittleness property of aged asphalt in the RAP restrict its usage in a high percentage. Nevertheless, the rejuvenators are introduced into the mixtures to reverse the effect of ageing processes...

In the last decade, the use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) resulted from asphalt milling process has been widely increased for economic and environmental reasons. However, RAP mixtures have undesired characteristics, such as higher stiffness and low flexibility. In this case, the rejuvenators should be used for restoring the properties of RAP...

Rejuvenating agents are considered desirable options in rejuvenating recycled asphalt's properties. Hence, the capability of integrating waste engine oil (WEO) and maltene to rejuvenate the traits of recycled asphalt was investigated. The penetration, softening point, ductility and viscosity were measured to determine an ideal amount of hybrid reju...

Considerable environmental concern regarding increased food wastage caused by population and economic growth has been raised worldwide. The verification of food waste recycling product for engineering purposes is also vague. This work evaluates a liquefied bio-product recovered from the hydrothermal liquefaction of food waste as a potential non-pet...

The partial substitution of bio-binder for petroleum asphalt binder is possible in the pavement application. Biomass commonly employed renewable energy origin is normally a raw substance used for the production of bio-binder, which includes palm oil, microalgae, soybean oil, vegetable oil, engine oil residue, grape remains, swine waste and many oth...

In areas with heavy rainfall, the conventional pavement may not be suitable due to low drainage capability. This will cause to a storm failure. To solve this, Porous asphalt (PA) is one of the innovative asphalts that can significantly overcome the issue of storm-water problem. The high air voids content characteristic of PA compares with conventio...

Utilisation of nanomaterials in asphalt binder is widely explored to improve the performance of the bitumen. Among the potential of nanomaterials, nanoclay received much attention as a modifier in bitumen modification due to their low cost of production and abundance in nature especially in tropical country. This study focused on investigating the...

Concrete debris and bottom ash has been identified as the potential materials to be used in construction industry. This would certainly reduce wastage produced from construction and demolition (C&D) activities and bottom ash from the power plant. However, the concrete debris waste and the bottom ash are been neither tested nor proven to be feasible...

Nowadays pavement tends to experience extra loadings and deteriorates faster than expected. There are various ways that has been done in order to withstand permanent deterioration such as adding fibers, polymers and waste materials. Some shows a good enhancement in the terms of fatigue life and dynamic creep. Nanotechnology is being expanded in the...

Repetitive traffic load is the most important factor influencing porous asphalt (PA) performance. The performance of asphalt is mostly influenced by the loading magnitude of heavy vehicles. In order to improve the service performance of PA under heavy traffic conditions. the decrement of stiffness is one of the failures that occur on the PA which m...

The use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) has been becoming one of the best solutions to preserve natural resources in the construction sector. However, the stiffness property of aged asphalt resulted from the RAP is considered as the main obstacle in the field application. Nevertheless, waste engine oil (WEO), as one of the most common rejuvenat...

Environmental issues and fluctuations in the price of asphalt binders have increased the demand in usage of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) material for asphalt mixtures. The RAP binder, nevertheless, is often highly aged and has several drawbacks, for instance, low cracking resistance, low workability, and low fatigue in the resulting mixtures. T...

Nanomaterials are small-sized materials between 1 and 100 nm which produce a greater surface area than common size materials. Coconut shell is one of the potential agricultural wastes to be used as nanomaterial due to its high strength and hardness. However, poor adhesion bonding was the problem of using this agricultural waste material as a modifi...

The asphalt used to construct or rehabilitation roads often contains reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in order to diminish not only the use of raw materials but also waste. However, when high level of RAP in hot mix asphalt (HMA) is used, the rejuvenating agents must be employed. A number of aspects must be taken into account to increase pavement s...

In recent years, flexible pavement construction technology has relied heavily on the use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). However, the brittle nature of RAP, which stems from the use of an aged asphalt, has introduced numerous complexities into the process, with important implications to pavement service life. The properties of the aged asphalt...

Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), a material frequently used in asphalt mixtures, is associated with several environmental and economic advantages. Many existing road construction technologies are capitalising on the availability of recycled materials. This study has looked on the usage of maltene as a rejuvenator in aged bitumen. Bitumen with Pen...

Numerous studies have been conducted to improve the performance of asphalt mixture properties in comparison with conventional mixes. One of the alternatives is utilizing waste agriculture product as additive or replacement into bitumen mixture. Coconut shell is one of the agricultural wastes that can be utilized. This paper aims to study the effect...

The modification of binder with waste cooking oil (WCO) for paving materials indicates the implementation of recycling practice with environmental issues concern, thus improving the proper management of this waste product. This paper presents a critical review of the WCO utilisation as a modifier to enhance binder properties. The review was focuses...

In order to improve the porous concrete pavement strength, one of the elements in the porous concrete structure that needs to be considered is the cement paste binder. This study aimed to evaluate the strength properties of porous concrete pavement blended with nanoparticle from black rice husk ash (BRHA). The performance was evaluated based on com...

Increasing traffic volumes and the rising cost of bitumen making it necessary to improve the performance of asphalt binder through bitumen modification. Various types of modifiers have been employed as bitumen binders in order to improve the bitumen mixture, particularly with regard to its resistance to aging, cracks due to fatigue and thermal cond...

Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), a material frequently used in asphalt mixtures, is associated with several environmental and economic advantages. Many existing road construction technologies are capitalising on the availability of recycled materials. This study has looked on the usage of maltene as a rejuvenator in aged bitumen. Bitumen with Pen...

Porous Asphalt (PA) is known as a highly permeable asphalt surface that design to be permeable pavements for stormwater control and reduce the stormwater runoff. However, the structure is subjected to damage from cracking, rutting, stripping, and rapid aging under the effects of repeated vehicle loading, hot climates, and heavy rainfall. To overcom...

The effect of Nano charcoal ash (NCA) from coconut shell on the physical and chemical properties of bitumen as alternative binder was evaluated in this study. Six different Nano grades of charcoal ash were examined. The charcoal ash ground for the optimum grinding time had a median particle size of 148 nm. NCA dosage of 30% by weight of binder was...

Material recycling is one of the best solution that support sustainability aspect and at the same time reduce the construction and material cost. One of the common method in bituminous recycling is using reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). Although usage of RAP in the pavement has been established, properties of bitumen after repeated recycling proce...

Palm oil is one of the leading agricultural crops in the world, as it dominates 34% of the global vegetable oil market, with approximately 64.6*10³ million kgs of production in 2017. However, along with its breakthrough, the generation of palm oil mill effluent (POME) as uncontrolled waste has become a serious matter and requires proper management...

Nowadays, nanotechnology has been widely study because it’s proven to improve the properties of asphalt. There a lot of nano-materials in industrial area and one of them are Nano clay. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the rutting resistance of asphalt incorporating Nano-kaolin. The asphalt was evaluated in fresh and aged condition...

The physical, chemical and morphology characteristics of the ceramic source enable its waste to be a novel modifier for bitumen. This study employed the top-down approach via dry grinding in a mechanical ball mill to generate a nanoceramic powder (NCP). As a result, NCP was successfully generated with an optimum duration of 15 h and optimum Ball-to...

It was typical in Malaysia that pavement failures at high stressed area were due to the bituminous layer aging subjected to extreme long loading times by the slow moving of heavy commercial vehicles. This scenario causes major structural deteriorations and permanent deformation of the bituminous road surfacing. In order to fix this problem, the use...

Unpredictable tropical weather particularly rainfall can possibly interfere the compaction work of asphalt pavement. Heavy rainfall often leads the asphalt to cool and harden quickly and become difficult to compact. This study evaluates the effect of rainfall on the compaction properties of hot mix asphalt (HMA). A dense-graded mix of AC14 was prep...

A moisture damage has been one of the major concerns for HMA pavement by loss of adhesion between bitumen and aggregate surface or loss of the cohesion within asphalt binder due to action of water. Water is the one of major contributor towards the damage of asphalt pavement. The aim of this research is to evaluate the effects of Moisture Damage (MD...

This paper evaluates the performance of using different percentage of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) in rapid-setting emulsion (RS-2K). The polymer modified bitumen emulsions were blended at various percentages of SBR, i.e. 5%, 7%, 9%, 11% and 13%. The investigation focused on the optimum percentage of SBR added into the polymer modified bitumen em...

Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is a waste material generated from pavement milling activity. Rejuvenating agent is introduced to restore the properties of aging bitumen in RAP. Many studies have been investigated the performance of recycled mixture incorporating RAP with oil-based (OB) rejuvenating agent, but there is still limited research on wa...

Rice husk ash (RHA) as replacement material in the conventional concrete mixture has widely investigated around the world. However, there is a lack of study on nanoparticle produced from black rice husk ash (BRHA) used as a replacement material in porous concrete pavement mixture. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the flexural strength propert...

Despite the several benefits of modifying bitumen with polymer; it is increasingly becoming difficult to ignore concerns about its high energy consumption and fume emissions during asphalt production. Previous studies found on natural rubber (NR) modified binders applied it as a hot mix asphalt (HMA), however in recent years there has been increasi...

California Bearing Ratio of subgrade lesser than 5% requires a treatment work either by stabilisation or strengthening method. In this study, the latter concept was chosen for the application of U-shaped Subgrade Concrete Panel as it is a method that has less disturbance to the native soil. As the name suggested, this U-shaped Subgrade Concrete Pan...

In spite the fact that micro surfacing receives accolades by researchers of being the most cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and functionally viable pavement preventive maintenance amongst the various asphalt surface treatments (AST). However, there has not been a universally standardised mix design, acceptable material type, compatible pol...

The application of waste material is extensively used as a partial replacement to produce a new asphalt binder with the improvement of binder performance. However, limited information is available on the use of waste cooking oil (WCO) in hot mix asphalt. In this regard, the main objective of this research is to study the influences of WCO as a supp...

Asphalt durability is often linked to the thickness of the asphalt coating on the aggregate particles. In order to have an adequate film thickness in asphaltic concrete, there must be sufficient space between the aggregate particles in the compacted pavement. This void space is referred to as voids properties. Hence, this study investigates the per...

Pure bitumen production through crude oil petroleum refining process is not desirable in road pavement application. The asphalt binder exhibits insufficient properties for pavement construction and need to be modified with various additives. In this study, the effect of untreated and treated waste cooking oil (WCO) on voids properties of hot mix as...

The abundance of coconut shells (CS) have been involved in environmental issues. Yet new sources of aggregates should be found from environmental waste. CS and coconut fibres (CF) have been chosen from environmental waste to use in this study. Generally, this research concerns the partial replacement of coconut shells in coarse aggregates and cocon...

The performance of porous asphalt (PA) mixture incorporating Nano kaolin clay (NKC) was presented in this study. The study covers basic properties of PA including morphology characteristic, penetration and softening point test. In addition, cantabro loss and resilient modulus test with regards to the variations of mix design of the PA was also exam...