Harold Delaney

University of New Mexico | UNM · Department of Psychology

Background Despite empirical evidence supporting the use of Web-based interventions for problem drinking, much remains unknown about factors that influence their effectiveness. Objective We evaluated the performance of 2 resources for people who want to achieve and maintain abstinence: SMART Recovery (SR) and Overcoming Addictions (OA). OA is a We...

The present paper addresses the question of the nature of interitem similarity effects in short-term retention. An interference theory prediction is pitted against an opposing expectation based on a cognitive strategy subjects could use in the “release-from-PI” paradigm. The experiment consisted of three conditions that differed in the extent of ov...

Cunningham is correct in noting that it is difficult to draw conclusions about the results of a randomized clinical trial (RCT) when two or more active interventions are compared without utilizing a no-treatment control condition. This is an issue that bedevils clinical research, but it is also one that, ethically speaking, has long been resolved i...

Following Hall (2002), we proposed a structural model identifying two key factors that contribute to spiritual transformation: 1) intentionality in one’s spiritual practices (Willard, 1991, 1998); and 2) emotionally significant relationships within a spiritual community. In the current project, the focus was on the “fruits” of changed dispositions...

Has the disparity in religiosity between clinicians and the general public decreased in recent years? Clinician members of the American Psychological Association (APA) were surveyed regarding their religion and spirituality. The survey was sent to 489 randomly selected members of APA, of whom 258 (53%) replied. Items were drawn from prior surveys t...

Background Overcoming Addictions (OA) is an abstinence-oriented, cognitive behavioral, Web application based on the program of SMART Recovery. SMART Recovery is an organization that has adapted empirically supported treatment strategies for use in a mutual help framework with in-person meetings, online meetings, a forum, and other resources. Object...

The partial correlation is a commonly used measure for assessing the bivariate correlation of two quantitative variables after eliminating the influence of one or more other variables. The partial correlation is generally interpreted as the correlation that would result if the variables to be eliminated were fixed (not allowed to vary and influence...

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a computer-delivered intervention (CDI) to reduce heavy drinking and alcohol-related problems in college students in two randomized clinical trials. In Experiment 1, we randomized 144 students to either the CDI or an assessment-only control group with follow-ups at 1 and 12 months. In...

Traditionally, analysis of covariance (ACOVA) has been used as a tool in the analysis of designed experiments. Suppose one or more measurements are made on a group of experimental units. In an agricultural experiment, such a measurement might be the amount of nitrogen in each plot of ground prior to the application of any treatments. In animal husb...

To evaluate the effectiveness of a web-based protocol, ModerateDrinking.com (MD; www.moderatedrinking.com) combined with use of the online resources of Moderation Management (MM; www.moderation.org) as opposed to the use of the online resources of MM alone. We randomly assigned 80 problem drinkers to either the experimental or control group with fo...

Eighty-four heavy drinkers who responded to a newspaper recruitment advertisement were randomly assigned to receive either (a) training in a Moderate Drinking protocol via an Internet-based program (www.moderatedrinking.com) and use of the online resources of Moderation Management (MM; www.moderation.org) or (b) use of the online resources of MM al...

Spirituality is presumed by millions of Americans to be directly relevant to problems of alcohol abuse. We summarize findings regarding the role of religion and spirituality in the prevention and treatment of substance abuse and present a case illustration. We also consider mechanisms responsible for these effects. We offer advice about why, by who...

Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT) is a cognitive-behavioral program designed to get treatment-refusing substance-abusing individuals to enter treatment by teaching family members how to support a clean/sober lifestyle. Additionally, CRAFT teaches family members how to improve their own lives, regardless of whether their loved one...

Although driving while intoxicated (DWI) is a pervasive problem, reliable measures of this behavior have been elusive. In the present study, the Form 90, a widely utilized alcohol and substance use instrument, was adapted for measurement of DWI and related behaviors. Levels of reliability for the adapted instrument, the Form 90-DWI, were tested amo...

Has the disparity in religiosity between clinicians and the general public decreased in recent years? Clinician members of the American Psychological Association (APA) were surveyed regarding their religion and spirituality. The survey was sent to 489 randomly selected members of APA, of whom 258 (53%) replied. Items were drawn from prior surveys t...

Randomized trial evidence on the effectiveness of incarceration and treatment of first-time driving while intoxicated (DWI) offenders who are primarily American Indian has yet to be reported in the literature on DWI prevention. Further, research has confirmed the association of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) with problems with alcohol inclu...

Average annual conviction rates (1990-2000) of people arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol in each of New Mexico's 33 counties are described. Conviction rates vary from 58 to 95%. Rates are correlated with political conservatism, being higher where a higher proportion of voters voted for the republican presidential candidates, and wi...

The probability of re-arrest for driving while intoxicated (DWI) is compared for four different groups of individuals classified by whether the individual was convicted and, if so, the type of sentence received. Subsequent re-arrests for DWI were examined for all individuals whose index arrest for DWI had occurred between 1994 and 2001 in a county...

Sixty-one problem drinkers were randomly assigned to either immediate treatment or a 4-week wait-list control group. Treatment consisted of a computer-based brief motivational intervention, the Drinker's Check-up (DCU). Outcomes strongly support the experimental hypotheses and long-term effectiveness of the treatment. Overall, participants reduced...

This volume is the result and final report of a scholarly process initiated by the Pew Charitable Trusts. Pew issued a challenge to eight academic disciplines: Assemble a panel of senior scholars to identify the dominant models within your discipline, comparing and contrasting them with historic Christian perspectives regarding human nature. The id...

It is the purpose of this chapter to set the rediscovery of religious and spiritual aspects of individuals that has emerged in behavioral research over the past 25 years in the context of the panoramic sweep of centuries of Judeo-Christian thought about the human person and to show the relevance of that thought for the emergence and development of...

We report the 12 and 18-month results of a clinical trial designed to evaluate the effectiveness of Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA) and Relapse Prevention (RP) in the treatment of opiate-dependent patients maintained on methadone. This is a follow-up to our 6-month outcome study that reported only CRA results. Patients (n = 181) were randomi...

In a comparison of 2 treatments, if outcome scores are denoted by X in 1 condition and by Y in the other, stochastic equality is defined as P(X < Y) = P(X > Y). Tests of stochastic equality can be affected by characteristics of the distributions being compared, such as heterogeneity of variance. Thus, various robust tests of stochastic equality hav...

To assess the additional effects of Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) Victim Impact Panels (VIPs) over the effects of a DWI (driving while intoxicated) school, on (1) moving individuals through the stages-of-change toward not drinking while driving and (2) drunk-driving recidivism. A randomized experiment with 813 (75% male) DWI offenders in New...

In the area of addictions treatment, several studies suggest that therapist qualities are an important predictor of client change. Specifically, therapists who counsel in an empathic manner and have positive expectations about the outcomes of their clients demonstrate higher rates of client success than those who are more argumentative and confront...

McGraw and Wong (1992) described an appealing index of effect size, called CL, which measures the difference between two populations in terms of the probability that a score sampled at random from the first population will be greater than a score sampled at random from the second. McGraw and Wong introduced this "common language effect size statist...

To determine the feasibility of videotaped training for obstetric care practitioners in motivational interviewing skills that could be used in brief patient consultations on problem drinking. Thirty health care practitioners participated in a clinical trial using a 20-minute videotape to instruct them in motivational interviewing. Participants enga...

Homeless alcohol-dependent individuals were randomly assigned to receive either a behavioral intervention (i.e., the Community Reinforcement Approach [CRA]) or the standard treatment (STD) at a large day shelter. Ninety-one men and 15 women participated. The majority of participants were White (64%), but both Hispanic (19%) and Native American (13%...

For the comparison of more than two independent samples the Kruskal-Wallis H test is a preferred procedure in many situations. However, the exact null and alternative hypotheses, as well as the assumptions of this test, do not seem to be very clear among behavioral scientists. This article attempts to bring some order to the inconsistent, sometimes...

This study examined the Community Reinforcement Approach's (CRA) effect on AIDS risk behaviors and the relationship between comorbid psychiatric disorders and the risk for AIDS behavior in opioid dependent patients entering methadone maintenance treatment. Additionally, we looked at AIDS risk behaviors as they related to the Addition Severity Index...

The authors studied the efficacy of the community reinforcement approach (CRA) as compared to standard counseling in opiate-dependent patients on methadone maintenance. One hundred eighty subjects were randomized to three treatment conditions: standard, CRA, and CRA with relapse prevention (CRA/RP). Of these, 151 subjects were followed up 6 months...

Forty nonalcoholic heavy drinkers were randomly assigned to receive a computer-based version of behavioral self-control training either immediately after pretreatment assessment or after a 10-week waiting period. Results at each of 3 follow-ups strongly support the study hypotheses. Participants in the immediate treatment group significantly reduce...

It was recently demonstrated that performing median splits on both of two predictor variables could sometimes result in spurious statistical significance instead of lower power. Not only is the conventional wisdom that dichotomization always lowers power incorrect, but the current article further demonstrates that inflation of apparent effects can...

Individual variations in anatomic cerebral asymmetries have been linked with specific neurodevelopmental processes, with patterns of cognitive ability, and with recovery from focal brain damage. The present study investigated relationships between cerebral asymmetries and recovery from aphasia. Aphasic patients (N = 25) were assessed for language r...

Despite pleas from methodologists, researchers often continue to dichotomize continuous predictor variables. The primary argument against this practice has been that it underestimates the strength of relationships and reduces statistical power. Although this argument is correct for relationships involving a single predictor, a different problem can...

Four samples of problem drinkers treated by behavioral self-control training were evaluated at 3.5, 5, 7 and 8 years following treatment, respectively. Of 140 cases, 99 (71%) were accounted for: 23 abstinent, 14 with controlled and asymptomatic drinking, 22 improved but still impaired, 35 unremitted and 5 deceased. Abstinent versus controlled-drink...

A statistical evaluation of the automated dichotic listening task (DLT) and psychomotor tasks (PMTs) indicated that both contributed to the prediction of primary flight-training criteria. Before the main analyses, the extreme skewness of the DLT and PMT error measures was corrected by log transformations, and between-squadrons differences in flight...

A statistical evaluation of the automated dichotic listening (DLT) and psychomotor tasks (PMT) indicated that both contributed to the prediction of primary flight training criteria. Prior to the main analyses, the extreme skewness-squadron differences in flight grades were removed by tranformations based on z-scores. Primary flight grades were high...

Analysis of covariance is often conceptualized as an analysis of variance of a single set of residual scores that are obtained by regressing the dependent variable on the covariate. Although this conceptualization of an equivalence between the two procedures may be intuitively appealing, it is mathematically incorrect. If residuals are obtained fro...

Uses principles of latent trait theory to derive conditions under which mean differences on an observed variable are indicative of mean differences on an underlying construct, focusing on the logistic curve as a model for describing the relation between the observed variable and construct. In this situation, and with normally distributed scores on...

A 10-minute Children's Hispanic Background Scale, useful in identifving Hispanic acculturation level, is described. The 30-item scale assessed Spanish usage by the subject and significant others (23 items), food preference (2 itemns), and general cultural exposure (5 items). Ss were 92 Chicano fourth-grade children. Test-retest reliability was .92,...

Compared methods of incorporating a concomitant variable into an experimental design. A 3 × 3 conceptual framework for these methods was developed, with one dimension representing 3 methods of assignment to treatment groups and the other dimension representing 3 methods of data analysis. Monte Carlo procedures were used to investigate the relative...

Examined the nature of individual differences and the role of advance information in reading comprehension in 3 experiments using 226 undergraduates. Ss read short passages, in some cases preceded by a given type of advance organizer, then recalled the information therein, and finally sorted ideas from the passage into groups of similar ideas. Para...

The keyword method is a two-stage procedure for remembering materials that have an associative component. In the case of foreign vocabulary learning, for example, the learner first must acquire a stable association between the unfamiliar foreign word and a familiar English word that sounds like a salient part of the foreign word. The acoustically s...

Two experiments were conducted to allow a test of Estes' verbal encodability hypothesis regarding female Digit-Symbol test superiority. Experiment 1 demonstrated significant differences in the relative encodability of various sets of symbols both in the time required to produce verbal associates and in quantitative measures of the uncertainty regar...

The motor performance of 29 tumor and 43 stroke patients with unilateral left or right hemisphere damage and 40 non-brain-damaged control subjects was compared on six motor tasks. Grip strength, finger tapping, static and vertical groove steadiness, maze coordination and grooved pegboard tasks were administered. All brain-damaged groups performed m...

The use of analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) in conjunction with the multivariate approach to analyzing repeated measures designs is considered for designs involving between- and within-S factors, 1 dependent variable, and 1 observation per S on the covariate. Considerations fundamental to a knowledgeable application of ANCOVA in this situation are d...

The use of analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) is examined for attribute-by-treatment interaction (ATI) research, where participants are randomly assigned to treatments but not to levels of the attribute factor. A survey of the ATI literature revealed that ANCOVA was typically not used and was some-times misunderstood. The current paper demonstrates th...

This study was desinged to determine if motor deficits in limb apraxia are task specific. Non-brain-damaged patients and apraxic and nonapraxic patients with left hemisphere damage performed language and limb apraxia tests and six motor tasks with the left hand. Contrary to previous data, no significant group differences occurred on a finger tappin...

Research on the interaction of keyword treatment with materials or student characteristics in learning foreign languages was reviewed. Most of the studies implied that foreign language vocabulary learning was related to verbal, not visual-spatial ability or elaboration, conditions, and that student-generated keywords were more effective than instru...

Investigated (a) to what extent the typical effects of elaboration instructions and the imagery characteristics of verbal material would obtain for foreign-language/English word pairs and (b) to what extent individual differences would moderate these effects. To explore these issues, verbal fluency, visualization ability, and instructions were fact...

The purpose of the experiment was to determine how subjects process equivocal information relevant to a choice between two hypotheses when one of the hypotheses is more valuable than the other. Within the context of the theory proposed by Wallsten [Journal of Mathematical Psychology 1976 14 144–185; In Castellan, N.J., Pisoni, D., & Potts, G. R. (E...

Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1973. Includes bibliographical references.