Harlida Abdul Wahab

• PhD, LLM, LLB
• Professor at Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia

The rise of digital labour platforms has been among the most significant changes in the world of work, a change that has transformed the global employment landscape. Digital platform work refers to work on web-based platforms and location-based apps. Although characterised by greater volatility and uncertainty, it is agreed that digital platform wo...

The development of digital labour platform resulted from the growth of digital economy and has transformed the world of work. However, the progress of platforms has stagnated due to various issues arising in the employment relationship between platform providers and young workers. These issues include wages, compensation and benefits, working hours...

The digital age has redefined work boundaries, making constant connectivity a workplace norm. However, this shift has raised concerns about work-life balance, mental health, and employee well-being, leading to the emergence of the right to disconnect as a legal and policy issue. This paper explores comparative legal approaches to the right to disco...

The Fifth Industrial Revolution (5.IR) transforms people’s lives, making strong legal frameworks crucial. This article examines artificial intelligence (AI) readiness in ASEAN countries, specifically Malaysia, Thailand, and Singapore, by focusing on the government policies and frameworks of AI. A doctrinal legal analysis methodology was used to eva...

This study explores factors impacting the effectiveness of forest protection policies in Indonesia, focusing on legal regulatory norms. Field findings reveal that community members continue cutting down trees due to economic need and limited awareness of forest protection policies, contributing significantly to forest degradation. To examine these...

The history of the Indonesian constitution has implemented Parliamentary and Presidential systems at different times. However, in practice it creates ambiguity in system implementation. The presidential system currently implemented is experiencing a dilemma due to regulation and separation of powers which tends to still have a parliamentary nuance....

This study seeks to examine the challenges associated with cadre-based recruitment of the House of Representative candidates by political parties and to propose ideal frameworks for such recruitment. The current processes of political party recruitment are not comprehensive and encounter philosophical, sociological, and juridical issues. Philosophi...

Climate change law is seldom taught formally as a program at institutions of higher education. Hence, it is unclear as to how climate change law lessons should be delivered. This paper focuses on the exploration of best practices for new climate change policy and law program. The study engaged in purely qualitative methodology, involving interviews...

Climate change is a critical global issue that is predominantly caused by human activities. To equip students in higher education institutions (HEIs) with the necessary knowledge and skills to play an active role in mitigating the effects of climate change, HEIs need to incorporate climate change-related programs into their teaching curricula. Thes...

This study aims to determine the implementation of the Forest Law Enforcement, Governance, and Trade (FLEGT) licensing scheme in Indonesia, focusing on its improvements and handling in relation to deforestation law enforcement. The research method used is qualitative, with an empirical juridical, statutory, and contextual approach. The results of t...

Retrenchment is a recurring phenomenon that relates to economic activity and performance. During the outbreak of COVID-19, businesses, employers and employees encountered retrenchment as a result of the implemented Movement Control Order and various lockdowns. Although the law acknowledges the employers’ right and prerogative to manage their workfo...

The world has moved to a new industrial era, the Industrial Revolution of 4.0 (IR4.0). Alongside, there is an exponential growth of information technology in support of the coming of IR4.0, where the use of information technology products either software or hardware products, has increased rapidly. This development also reflects an increase in soft...

This study aims to analyze the constitutionality of legislative general elections with a review of the closed proportional system in the 1945 Constitution. The legislative election system is an important tool for maintaining democratic principles and fair representation in a country. The constitutionality of the closed proportional system has been...

Purpose This paper aims to study the elements of social protection, namely, the labour market policy (working conditions), social insurance and social assistance from the law and policy standpoints to safeguard the rights and welfare of the frontline health-care workers (HCWs). Design/methodology/approach This study applies both doctrinal and non-...

The main aim of this book is to provide students and lecturers with reference resources for teaching and learning purposes for the Employment and Industrial Relations Law course. Its content covers the framework of labour law in Malaysia, namely employment law, employer and employee relations, issues and problems such as employer prerogatives, term...

Through an empirical study, the chapter addresses gender discrimination at work in Malaysia. The discussion involves the legal framework, philosophy and factors where the international perspective has also been considered to understand the issue.

The discussion is about the legal framework of protection assured to the migrant workers who are employed, mostly in low-skilled sectors, in Malaysia. The issues are addressed by scrutinising the domestic law and comparison is also made by looking into the regional as well as international legal framework of protection.

This study aims to determine the forms of ideas and powers of the Constitutional Court in the Comparative Study of the Republic of Indonesia and Croatia. The results of this study explain that the Constitutional Courts of the Republic of Indonesia and Croatia are high state institutions in the constitutional system which are the holders of judicial...

In an ever-changing world where everything is at the fingertips, the use of technology neither wearable device, wearables, nor other next-generation wirelessly linked gadgets for work, home, and leisure might bring potential and problems for disabled persons. With climate change happening around us, it will also indirectly affect someone's life, he...

The value of integrity is essential for students' characteristics to meet the marketability requirements of graduates.

Integrity is the main factor determining the quality of graduates. Integrity should be emphasized from an early stage to ensure that graduates can exhibit a constant level of integrity.

The inclusivity of students with disabilities into the mainstream education is getting more attention when all institutions of higherlearning, public and private, are expected to implement the disability inclusion policy. Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM) has beensupporting the potential of students with disabilities by offering academic programmes....

In the case of work-related injury/illness, rehabilitation that commences at the earliest may help the injured or disabled workers to return to work as fit, safe and quick as possible. While the effectiveness of the Return-to-Work (RTW) program relies on the number of injured participants who had returned to work, there were a number of participant...

Migrant workers have contributed significantly to the development of the Malaysian economic ever since their first arrival in the 1980s. Over the years, the migrant workers have faced constant discrimination and exploitation, and this unfortunate event has further escalated following the the widespread of the pandemic COVID-19. The imposition of th...

Integrity is a wide concept that involves values, morals, norms, and behaviours. It is relative with individuals, organisations, and functions. The integrity discourse is discussed not without ethics, corruption, and good governance. Integrity is indeed one of the factors that shape the success and progress of the nation. A society with honesty, st...

The hit of COVID-19 worldwide has given impacts on the healthcare services and their workers. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are exposed to a complex health and safety hazards while delivering care and services to the sick and infected. The interruption of the healthcare service and their workers will definitely endanger life, health and safety of the c...

This book is about managing the employees’ well-being. It discusses problematic employees and ways to improve safety in the workplace. It addresses employees’ common poor behaviour, including those who go absent without official leave (AWOL), are impolite, miss deadlines, damage the teams’ morale, and are costly to the organisation. Fortunately, no...

The chapter discusses the measures taken by the Government of Malaysia in arresting and mitigating the social impact of the outbreak. The Employment Provident Fund (EPF) has been considered a short-term measure and become an alternative and assistance to the workers in confronting the economic volatile due to Covid-19 crisis. Therefore, the objecti...

Flexible work arrangements are common during the COVID-19 pandemic as a result of the movement restriction and the closure of the economic sector. Among the flexibility practices is the implementation of remote working, in particular, working from home (WFH) where employees are physically working outside and remote from their organisations. The man...

Flexible work arrangements are common during the COVID-19 pandemic as a result of the movement restriction and the closure of the economic sector. Among the flexibility practices is the implementation of remote working, in particular, working from home (WFH) where employees are physically working outside and remote from their organisations. The man...

Purpose-This paper aims to analyse the anti-money laundering (AML) obligations imposed on bankers as the main reporting entities under the AML regime in Malaysia. Apart from discussing the relevant provisions, several court cases were also examined to identify the problems which arise in the implementation of the law and the risk of dismissal that...

Rivers as a main sources of raw water in Malaysia must be managed wisely to ensure its sustainability. This can be done through integrated water resources management (IWRM) which includes both regulatory and institutional frameworks. There must be an effective rule of law and good governance to ensure water sustainability. Governance means the proc...

Unemployment and economic inactivity are globally prevalent for people with disabilities (PWDs) resulting them being trapped in poverty. Effective legislative and policy governance shall be part of the agenda in safeguarding and enhancing the economic rights and inclusivity of PWDs. This chapter analyses the extent of regulatory framework and polic...

The COVID-19 crisis has created not only massive public health challenges but also an unprecedented economic shock for countries across the globe. Many people have lost their livelihoods due to the sudden slowdown of the economy and movement restrictions, setting back global poverty alleviation efforts. On top of that, emerging economies have more...

Problem-based learning (PBL) is a pedagogical approach that has been adopted since decades. In PBL, students are expected to learn through educational experience when the problems are associated with the real-world context thus promoting the concept of student learning or focusing on student-centred learning. Being considered as a deep approach in...

Problem-based learning (PBL) is an educational strategy that has been widely employed for generations. PBL encourages students to learn through academic experience when challenges are connected to the real world, supporting the development of student performance or emphasizing on student-centred learning. PBL has been expanded to a range of learnin...

Agenda Matlamat Pembangunan Mampan (SDG) menjadi panduan setiap negara di dunia bagi mencapai pembangunan yang seimbang dalam sektor ekonomi, sosial dan alam sekitar. Terdapat 17 matlamat utama yang menjadi sasaran pencapaian merangkumi pelbagai aspek kehidupan masyarakat hari ini. Matlamat 16: Menggalakkan masyarakat yang aman dan menyeluruh untuk...

Skim i-SURI diperkenalkan oleh kerajaan pada 15 Ogos 2018 sebagai insentif khas Kerajaan untuk Suri Rumah dan wanita yang berdaftar dalam Pangkalan Data Kemiskinan Nasional (eKasih). Walau bagaimanapun, pelaksanaan Skim i-SURI ini masih belum dapat dilaksanakan sepenuhnya lantaran terdapat kekangan yang melibatkan beberapa peruntukan penting dalam...

Malaysia ratification of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has spurred the government's efforts in advancing gender equality and women empowerment in the economy. However, with the existing pandemic and the new norms practising by most comp...

Conflicts, industrial disputes or disagreement between workers and management are almost frequent, in particular over pay, working conditions, and so on. Industrial action is thus a method to show protest that includes picket, strike or working to rule. Recently we have seen strike or termed hartal was exerted by contract doctors. This incident, wh...

Pekerja penjagaan kesihatan merupakan orang yang paling berisiko semasa berlakunya pandemik. Daripada aspek pekerjaan, pendedahan secara langsung terhadap jangkitan pandemik semasa menjalankan tugas ialah risiko yang paling hampir dengan mereka. Jika berada di rumah, mereka juga perlu meneruskan kehidupan peribadi dan juga keluarga. Pekerja kesihat...

Malaysia ratification of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has spurred the government's efforts in advancing gender equality and women empowerment in the economy. However, the stagnant effort in upholding women's rights and the lack of defi...

The objective of this study is to develop a forecasting model for causal factors management in the future in to order to achieve sustainable development goals. This study applies a validity-based concept and the best model called “Path analysis based on vector autoregressive integrated moving average with observed variables” (Path Analysis-VARIMA-O...

High demand for child labor, a weak system of rule of law and a lack of good governance are contributing to child labor, driving children into the worst forms of child labor, suggesting slavery. Therefore the objectives of this study are: (1) to examine critically the international instruments pertaining to the protection against child labor; (2) t...

The Persons with Disabilities Act 2008 (PWDA) was introduced in 2008 as the rights-based legislation for persons with disabilities in recognizing their full participation and equality in society. In promoting and developing the quality of life and wellbeing of persons with disabilities, the provisions in the PWDA 2008 give rights for them, among ot...

There have been major changes in current workforce competitiveness trends. The changes in workforce demographics particularly in the increase of dual-earner families and single-parents have resulted in increased multiple role conflicts. Working couples must cope with the problem of combining work and family responsibilities in their daily life. Man...

This research is motivated by the many weaknesses that exist in the Ppajak court in Indonesia. Therefore, this research needs to be carried out with the aim that the tax court in the future will be better, more certain in law, and just. The problem is the reason for reforming the tax court in Indonesia and the way to reform the law on the tax court...

Ketika pandemik COVID-19, aspek keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan menjadi semakin penting. Selain menjadi inti pati kepada prinsip pekerjaan yang baik (decent work), Pertubuhan Buruh Antarabangsa telah berkempen dan mengangkat aspek keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan melalui tema “Hentikan Wabak: Keselamatan dan Kesihatan di Tempat Kerja Dapat M...

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has posed a major and unprecedented challenge to countries around the world. Other than threatening public health, economic and social livelihood, and wellbeing, it causes a significant impact on the healthcare industry and the workers. Healthcare is an essential service that is paramount where its interruption...

Healthcare worker (HCW) is among the high risk person to be infected with any pandemic infection. HCW is exposed to the distressing circumstances to deal with the personal and family matters. Thus, they can be considered as a person to be associated with a full support system to make sure the effectiveness of their service is providing good health...

The increased participation of women in the healthcare sector is a fundamental development in labour markets around the world. It has been reported that women make up 70% of those employed in the health sector for close to 100 countries. Shortages of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), long working hours, increased risk of infection, social and fa...

Integrity is a key factor in determining the success and progress of a country. Emphasis on integrity has become the government's main agenda. Enforcement agencies are the forerunners of the community service delivery system and ensure that the public is in compliance with applicable laws and regulations. However, enforcement agencies are also iden...

Pencemaran alam sekitar bukanlah sesuatu yang asing di mana-mana negara. Secara keseluruhannya, pencemaran berlaku sejajar dengan pembangunan yang tidak terkawal di samping pertambahan bilangan penduduk yang kian meningkat. Walaupun pelbagai usaha dilakukan, isu pencemaran terus berlaku malah semakin meruncing dengan sebab dan punca yang pelbagai,...

This study aims to analyze the causal factors affecting the efficiency of future environmental law enforcement in Thailand in order to achieve sustainability. The secondary data was collected from 2000 to 2019 with an application of the Path-Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average with exogenous variables model (Path-ARIMA-Vi model). The model was...

The risen of the issue of gender discrimination has extended numerous discussions, researches and efforts in promoting gender equality. Article 8 of the Federal Constitution recognised the rights of equality and equal protection of all at any circumstances. Yet the extension of the term 'equality' itself is debatable and ambiguous. Since Malaysia h...

Kewujudan sistem tribunal, selain dapat membantu melicinkan sistem pentadbiran, dianggap berkongsi kuasa dengan badan kehakiman dalam membuat keputusan. Maka,timbul persoalan tentang kuasa membuat keputusan ini bagi mengelakkannya disalah guna oleh badan pentadbiran. Selaras dengan Matlamat Pembangunan Mampan 2030 bagi menjamin keadilan dalam usaha...

Discrimination deprives people of equal rights. It creates barriers to employment and resulted in people's right to full participation in the workplace jeopardised. Consequently, people are denied jobs, confined to certain occupations, offered with lower pay, refused promotion and increment, and so on. The grounds for discrimination are commonly ow...

Federal states usually include several regions, all countries that follow the federal system consist of two or more regions. As for Iraqi federalism, it is based on the existence of one separate region, which is the Kurdistan region, and this issue is unique in the Iraqi Constitution of 2005. The purpose of this paper focuses on the application of...

The inclusion of students with disabilities into mainstream education is getting more attention recently. At the tertiary level, the Ministry of Education is encouraging and expecting each institution of higher learning (IHL), both public and private, to implement the disability inclusion policy meant for students with disabilities. Universiti Utar...

Disiplin sentiasa menjadi isu penting dalam mana-mana organisasi termasuklah dalam Perkhidmatan Awam. Lembaga tatatertib dalam perkhidmatan awam mempunyai tanggungjawab yang besar untuk mendukung dan menegakkan keadilan kepada majikan dan juga pekerja dalam menangani kes –kes disiplin kerana sebarang kesilapan atau kepincangan yang berlaku boleh me...

Aspek liabiliti dan pemberian pampasan ganti rugi merupakan perkara utama dalam membincangkan isu kesalahan kecuaian di dalam kes kemalangan jalan raya. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa konsep liabiliti dalam kemalangan jalan raya menurut perundangan Islam dengan memfokuskan kepada kesalahan kecuaian dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif....

The main objective of this study is to examine the influence of social support and pay satisfaction on intention to stay among employees who have undergone return to work (RTW) program. Work ability is also assessed as the mediating variable to explain the indirect link between the independent and dependent variables. A survey was conducted among e...

For a stiffer penalty, punishment for the environmental violation was generally increased from Malaysian Ringgit 10,000 to Malaysian Ringgit 100,000 and from two years to five years imprisonment twenty years ago. Although the penalties are improved, the cases of environmental pollution and violation are yet increasing. This article examines the tre...

Water pollution is among the common environmental problems where industrialization is identified as one of its reasons. Industrial activities by corporations produce by-products and wastes and this has intensely caused harm to the environment. As a non-science mechanism, law and legislations function to control environmental problem by, among other...

As a major global producer of palm oil products, Malaysia is familiar with criticisms of its palm oil cultivation, poor agricultural practices and decisions during the planting process. Loss of biodiversity and deforestation resulting from unsustainable palm oil practices are perceived as major setbacks for the environment in Malaysia. However, at...

rafficking in persons (TIP) is a long-standing problem worldwide. It is related to the traditional form of slavery which in the history such exploitation was ordinary and legitimate. Currently, TIP is referring to the modern and increasingly diverse and concealed forms of the human beings severe exploitation. It affects almost every nation, the rul...

Pencemaran perairan daratan menjadi isu penting pada masa kini. Tambahan pula jika pecemaran ini dilakukan oleh organisasi perniagaan yang besar dan mampu membayar hukuman dalam bentuk wang. Terdapat kerangka perundangan yang mengawal selia berkenaan hukuman pencemaran perairan daratan ini iaitu Akta Kualiti Alam Sekeliling 1974 dan juga peraturan-...

Constitution of Pakistan expressly protects freedom of expression. Explicit restrictions are also presented under the constitution. The legislature has enacted several laws based on those restrictions. Laws restricting freedom of expression include Pakistan Penal Code 1860, Security of Pakistan Act 1952, Contempt of Courts Ordinance 2003, Antiterro...

In the criminal justice process Advocate interaction in providing legal aid services has begun since suspect heard his statement in front of the investigator, the process of assisting the suspect/defendant by advocate not in accordance with the law, because at the time Advocate wants to run his profession in criminal law enforcement and when dealin...

ealiti yang perlu dihadapi apabila kanak-kanak di seluruh dunia berhadapan dengan penafian hak-hak asasi mereka. Hak-hak ini seperti hak untuk hidup, kebebasan, keselamatan individu, hak kepada perbicaraan yang adil, kebebasan berfikir dan beragama, hak kepada keselamatan sosial dan bekerja, hak kepada pendidikan. Kertas kerja hanya focus kepada ha...

Discrimination may deprive people of their equal rights. In employment, discrimination causes people being denied of jobs, confined to certain occupations, offered with lower pay, refused the promotion and increment, and so on. Despite capabilities and abilities of performing the job, 'physical appearance' or other grounds such as sex, race and col...

Workplace diversity refers to the variety of differences between people in an organization. It refers to the differences that people bring to their job on the basis of gender, race, ethnicity, age and other backgrounds, including disability. Despite one’s appearance, look or physical ability, respects and considerations should be given to someone’s...

Freedom of Expression like all other fundamental rights is not absolute in Pakistan. Restrictions can be imposed by the state according to the procedure established by the law. However constitution of Pakistan has added a condition of “Reasonableness” for restrictions on Freedom of expression. This article focuses on the test to decide "Reasonablen...

This study investigates the historical role of the League of Nations and the International Labour Organisation (ILO), in the abolition of slavery and protection of associated human rights. Its objective is to critically analyse modern forms of slavery, and investigate the world’s considerable efforts for the abolition of slavery. In previous decade...

In the workplace, diversity refers to the differences that people bring to their job on the basis of gender, race, ethnicity, age and other backgrounds, including disability. On this basis, instead of relying on one’s appearance, look or physical ability, respects and considerations should be given to someone’s capability and potential in performin...

To bargain collectively is the essence of the right to association of the workers. The trade union, as a principal to the employees, functions to negotiate with the management or employers for better terms and conditions of employment. To ensure industrial harmony, the legislation has provided some legal provisions that need to be complied by the p...

Hak untuk bekerja sebagai hak asasi manusia diiktiraf melalui Artikel 23(1) Deklarasi Hak Asasi Manusia Sejagat 1948. Menurut “World Health Survey 2010”, daripada 28 juta orang jumlah penduduk Malaysia, dianggarkan 10% atau seramai 2.8 juta orang adalah orang kurang upaya (OKU). Ini bermakna hampir tiga juta rakyat Malaysia adalah golongan OKU dan...

With regard to the position of the Malays, the rationale behind their preferential treatment is more complex. The justification generally is their need for protective discrimination based on the ground that the Malays form an economically depressed community, and that if positive steps are not taken to advance their economic status, it may result i...

This paper focuses on the emergence of federalism in Iraq before 2003, its adoption and application under the State Administration Law for the transitional period 2004 and under the Constitution of 2005. It also focuses on the identification of the composition of the federal institutions in the political system in Iraq under the Constitution of 200...

There is no international convention that explicitly bans the use of depleted uranium weapon in spite of its characteristics of causing mass destruction. Therefore, the legality of the use of this weapon should be clarified in the light of the rules of international law. If the weapon is proved to be illegal, the traditional charges of internationa...

This paper focuses on the emergence of federalism in Iraq before 2003, its adoption and application under the State Administration Law for the transitional period 2004 and under the Constitution of 2005. It also focuses on the identification of the composition of the federal institutions in the political system in Iraq under the Constitution of 200...

The issues of people with disabilities (PWD) remain unresolved, with the majority staying marginalized, facing social exclusion and living in poverty. The employment rate of PWD in Malaysia is very unsatisfactory compared to those who are without disabilities. This chapter points out the governing legal framework in Malaysia that safeguards PWD rig...

Konsep halal dari sudut Syariah perlu difahami dengan menyeluruh kerana halal bukan sekadar bermaksud produk yang boleh dimakan dari segi hukum syarak tetapi juga meliputi maksud ‘baik’ (thoyyib) bererti bersih, suci, selamat dan berkualiti. Penghasilan sesuatu produk adalah merangkumi proses-proses tertentu bermula daripada peringkat pemilihan sum...

Abstract—In view of the features and the dangerous effects of weapons of mass destruction, these weapons have been organized under international conventions. Some of these weapons have been internationally banned such as chemical and biological weapons. Others have been restricted like the nuclear weapons. Depleted uranium, which defined as a secon...

This paper discusses the violation of the weapon of depleted uranium against the human right in the environment. The international conventions concerning human rights and its basic freedoms do not only involve the rights provided by the majority of the constitutions such as the right of human in health, the right to possession, the right to work, t...

The enforcement agency is one of the bodies that responsible for the issue of halal. Each agency is authorized by the respective statute and enactment in enforcing the regulation and law on halal goods and products. Although the implementation and enforcement of halal in Malaysia is seen as comprehensive, the issues on weakness and lameness of the...