Hari Prasad Upadhyay

• Msc in Statistics and MA in Economics
• Professor (Assistant) at Tribhuvan University

Background: Stress is a universal phenomenon and all person experiences it. Stress can result from both negative and positive experiences. Stress is a physical and emotional state always present in the person. Experience of having a child hospitalized can be profoundly stressful for mothers, impacting their mental and emotional well-being. The limi...

Background: Adolescent girls frequently experience menstrual irregularities that are affected by multiple factors, including body mass index (BMI), exercise habits, nutrition, and sleep routines. This study sought to investigate the relationships among BMI, menstrual cycle disruptions, and lifestyle elements such as exercise, eating habits, and sle...

Background: Dyslipidemia is defined as an abnormal concentration of lipids in the blood and is a critical modifiable risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases, including acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The aim of the study was to determine the pattern of dyslipidemia among patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome admitted to a cardiac...

Background Hypovitaminosis D has become worldwide public health concern affecting all age groups and both genders. Its prevalence is very high in South Asia. Many studies reported that vitamin D deficiency is concerned with diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance. The aim of this research was to find the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and...

Background: Dental caries or a tooth decay is a common oral health condition characterized by demineralization oftooth enamel and subsequent formation of cavities It is a global public health problem and influence the overall health ofchildren.Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 343 secondary level school students by complete enumer...

Background:Neutropenia is one most common risk factor for infection and the leading causes of death in cancer patientsthat may results in unexpected hospitalizations and disruption in treatment plans and regimens.Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 100 nurses to assess the knowledge regarding infection preventionin neutropenic pat...

Background: A health-promoting behavior is an endpoint or action-outcome directed toward attaining positive healthoutcomes such as optimal wellbeing, personal fulfillment, and productive living. Adolescents make up as much as a quarterof the population and the number of adolescents is expected to rise through 2050. Adolescents are vulnerable to the...

Background: Cytotoxic agent is a substance that kills cells, including cancer cells, which may stop cancer cells fromdividing and growing and may cause tumors to shrink in size. These may have carcinogenic, mutagenic or teratogeniceffects. Nurses are directly exposed to it while handling cytotoxic agents. Objective of the study was to find out the...

Background Uterine prolapse is a prevalent issue among women, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Nepal, significantly impacting their quality of life. Despite its impact, there is a lack of comprehensive knowledge and awareness about this condition among the affected population, leading to delayed interventions and suboptimal hea...

Background: The prevalence of systemic hypertension is a significant global health concern, affecting a large population worldwide. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of systemic hypertension and hypertensive crises among adult outpatients in a cardiac hospital in central Nepal. Methods: This is a hospital based cross-sectio...

Introduction Teachers are a high-risk group for the development of vocal dysfunction, as they use voice extensively in their profession. Objective To know the prevalence and risk factors associated with voice strain in teachers. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among schoolteachers in Chitwan, Nepal. The Voice Handicap Index questionna...

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is considered an endemic disease in Nepal with predominantly chest related signs and symptoms. Sarcoidosis is a disease with similar clinical presentation. This study was conducted to detect the level of awareness amongst chest physicians, including cardiologists, pulmonologists and internists regarding the ocular mani...

Background: Sexual violence is a global public health issue, drawing more concern compared to other forms of violence. Evidence indicates that adolescents face an increased risk of encountering both physical and sexual violence. Despite this, there is a scarcity of nationally representative research on sexual violence in Nepal, hindering the develo...

Background: Thyroid gland is one of the major endocrine gland, which plays a key role in growth, differentiation, development, and maintenance of body homeostasis. Trace elements like iron, selenium, iodine and zinc are needed for the normal functioning of the thyroid glands. So, deficiencies of these elements can impair thyroid functions. Objectiv...

Background A medico-legal case (MLC) arises from an unnatural incident causing physical harm, necessitating intervention and legal resolution. MLCs integrate medical and legal aspects, requiring both a physician's assessment and an investigation by law enforcement, often involving autopsy. The objective of this study was to find the prevalence and...

Background The transradial approach (TRA) has gained popularity worldwide and it is the preferred access in many cardiac centers in Nepal. The aim of this study is to document single operator experience with TRA and its complications. Results A total of 214 patients were included with 114(53.27%) males and 100(46.73%) females. The mean age was (62....

Background: Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis measures blood pH, oxygen (O2), and carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. Normal pH is 7.35-7.45, PaO2 ranges from 70-100 mm Hg, PaCO2 is 35-45 mm Hg, and SaO2 is 93-98%. HCO3 normal value is 22-26 meq/l. This study assesses the effectiveness of a structured teaching program on arterial blood gas analysis knowle...

IntroductionDepression is common among all population but even more in women going through menopause. It is due to hormonal changes during that period paired with certain behavioral as well as biological factors and even certain life events that can have devastating effects on the person. The objective of this research is to find the prevalence and...

Background: Fertility refers to a couple’s, individuals, groups or population’s ability to bear children. It primarily affects women in the reproductive age range of 15 to 49 years. Fertility is one of the most important factors influencing population change in practically all countries. This study is aimed to determine the socioeconomic and demogr...

Background: Life insurance policy enjoys a unique position in the field of investments and should be judged in this light. The policy owner behaviour towards life insurance than the conventional savings and protection view. The objective of this research was to assess the intentions of people towards purchasing decision of life insurance, to analyz...

Background: Workplace violence represents an escalating global challenge that is not only a public health concern but also a significant social issue. The objective of this study is to find the prevalence and associated factors of workplace violence among Nurses of selected hospital. Methods: A hospital based cross- sectional study was carried out...

Background: Lung cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cell in one or both lungs Lung cancer is the 2nd most common cancer worldwide. It is the most common cancer in men and the 2nd most common cancer in women. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study on “Knowledge regarding Lung Cancer among Adults at Selected Community of Ratnanagar,...

Background: Nasal polyposis is a frequent presentation in ENT & HNS OPD. When endoscope was introduced, surgical management of nasal polyposis took a turn. More recently microdebrider use is in frequent practice. The objective of this study is to compare the surgical outcome in patients undergoing microdebrider assisted endoscopic surgery and conve...

Background: The price level and its growth, inflation, is an important economic indicator. Inflation can be defined as the persistent rise in the general price level across the economy over time. Inflation is an increase in the volume of money and credit relative to available goods resulting in a substantial and continuing rise in the general price...

Background: Patient participation means involvement of the patient in decision making or expressing their opinions about different treatment methods, which includes sharing information, feelings and signs and accepting and rejecting health team instructions. The study aims to find out the level of patient participation in surgical treatment decisio...

Background: Cardiac arrest is a significant public health problem projected to account for 15–20% of all deaths. It is also recorded by WHO to be an important cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a lifesaving medical procedure for victims of sudden cardiac arres...

Plagiarism is the act of using someone else's ideas, words, or work without giving them proper credit and presenting it as your own. It is considered a serious ethical and academic offense in most educational institutions and professional settings. The main objective of this research was to find the level of knowledge and attitudes about plagiarism...

Background Lichen Planus (LP) is a chronic dermatosis affecting the skin and mucous membranes. Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with LP is a trigger predisposing to Metabolic Syndrome. Objectives To study the association of Metabolic Syndrome in patients with LP. Materials and Methods A hospital‐based prospective case‐control...

Introduction: The number of older adults is increasing day by day. This fact implies important health challenges. Frailty level in older adults having cancer is a globally important health issue. The concept of frailty has become gradually more accepted as one of the most important factors particularly in patients with cancer who are receiving trea...

This research aimed to estimate the prevalence among children under five years in Lumbini, Nepal. A hospital-based observational study was conducted among children attending the Lumbini Eye Institute and Research Center. Among 1,561 recruited children, the prevalence of refractive errors was 15.4% (n=240, 95% CI: 13.6% to 17.3%). The prevalence was...

Introduction: Liver function test (LFT) is a useful tool to differentiate between the obstructive and hepatocellular cause for biliary obstruction. Therefore this study was done to see the accuracy of LFT in predicting common bile duct (CBD) stones. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out on patient undergoing endoscopic retrog...

IntroductionBasic school health services (BSHS) provided by the school nurse have the potential to significantly reduce the prevalent preventable health issues at school community. The objective of this study was to assess the of students on basic school health services in relation to school health nurse program. To assess the Students Knowledge an...

Background: Thymus is a small, irregular shaped gland mainly concerned with immune function. Studies have shown that in different age groups and in genders, the morphology of thymus is variable. Hence this study was aimed to access the different shapes, size of thymus gland using Computed tomography scan. Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-...

Background: The diameter of the graft is an important determinant of successful anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. If the diameter of hamstring graft can be predicted accurately, we can determine whether this graft is suitable or we need to harvest a different one. There is no published literature in the Nepali population on the abili...

Introduction: During hanging maneuver liver resection, a tunnel is created at the interface of the liver and Inferior venacava (IVC). Gap between the middle and right hepatic vein is known as Fossa venacava. A gap between the Inferior right hepatic vein and the Caudate vein is known as a Vein gap. The Fossa venacava and Vein gap provide a safe plan...

Background: Early exposure to medical research during undergraduate studies helps to establish a solid medical education by enhancing students' understanding and knowledge of the subject. This exposure also provides valuable experience with evidence-based medicine, which is crucial for success in the medical field. The objective of this study is t...

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in the world and second most common malignancy among Nepalese women with high prevalence. Countries with lower level of resources like Nepal, prevention of breast cancer is more important. The objective of the study was to find out the level of awareness on breast cancer among fema...

IntroductionThere is an increasing incidence of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) in developing countries like Nepal. The objective of this research is to study the CRC its demography, mode of presentation, type of surgery, complications and Histopathological evaluation (HPE) after surgery.Methods This was a retrospective descriptive observational study a...

Background: Ebola virus disease (EVD) is an acute, viral and fatal illness among humans and other primates. It can be transmitted from wild animals to human and could spread from human to human. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge regarding Ebola Virus Disease among the nursing students. Method: A cross sectional analytical study...

Introduction: Kidney Disease is structural and functional abnormality of Nephrons, where abrupt deterioration to progressive decline in Kidney function leads to acute to chronic Kidney Disease, respectively. The objective of this research was to find the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte ratio and Clinical outcomes of patients with Kidney Diseases in COVID-...

Background: In medical research the target of researcher is to generalize the finding to the population based upon the information of sample data. This sample has to be representative of the target population, and the number of participants must be appropriate. The determination of minimum optimum sample size is extremely important not only for eth...

Background: Chronic kidney disease is a worldwide public health problem. In Nepal, chronic kidney disease patients are increasing and the management of this disease is very expensive compared to other chronic diseases. The objective of this research was to assess the treatment adherence among the patient’s undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: A descri...

Background: Birth preparedness saves women’s lives and health through planning and preparation for delivery. The objective of this research is to find the practices of birth preparedness and its association between selected variables. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Garuda Municipality among168 mothers using interview tec...

Background: Dengue is a viral infection transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes. The dengue virus (DENV) is one of the mosquito-borne viral diseases in the world today. Two main arthropod vectors are responsi-ble for transmission of dengue viruses: Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The Aedes aegypti mosquito is the main vect...

Background: The Antenatal care period is the time between immediately conceptions after to before birth baby. The objective of this research is to find out factor associated with ANC service utilization by mothers. Methods: Community based analytical cross sectional study was conducted in Junichande rural municipality, Jajarkot among mother have ch...

Background: Globally many research are working on modeling and forecasting of gross domestic product (GDP). The trend and pattern will help the planner and policy maker to make future monetary policy. The aim of this research is to find the ARIMA model and forecasting. Methods: Box-Jenkins methodology was use for the modeling and forecasting of ann...

Introduction: The posterior approach to liver resection is technically difficult, especially when there is abulky tumor or dense adhesion of right lobe of liver, with the risk of tumor dissemination and hepatic vein avulsion. The objectives of our study were to observe the technical safety, operative duration, operative blood loss, and perioperat...

Introduction Postoperative pain management is essential post-extraction for early mobilization and rehabilitation to enhance recovery and to reduce morbidity. Diclofenac and Ibuprofen and Paracetamol combination are two most common NSAIDs used in the postoperative pain control. Methods Two hundred fifteen patients (n=215) of age group 20-60 years w...

IntroductionMoraxella catarrhalis is a gram negative, oxidase positive, cocci mainly causing upper and lowerrespiratory tract infections. The RND family efflux pumps lead to multidrug resistance in most ofthe gram negative bacteria. One of the well- known pumps in M. catarrhalis is arcAB and oprMsystem. The objective of this study was to investigat...

IntroductionMastoid process is one of the most important landmark of the skull. It is a part of temporal boneand contains air filled space which is called mastoid air cells. It is also an attachment of differentneck muscles. Normal measurement of the mastoid process is very important for surgeons' pointof view. This study was aimed to assess the no...

Introduction Post infectious glomerulonephritis (PIGN) is the most common renal disease in children causing significant morbidity. The affected children present with features of acute nephric syndrome (hematuria, hypertension, edema and oliguria. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, clinical characteristics, complications, a...

IntroductionMenstruation, also known as a period, is a natural process that occurs in the female body as apart of the menstrual cycle. The menstrual cycle is the monthly hormonal cycle that preparesthe female body for pregnancy. The objective of this research is to find the prevalence andassociated factors of menstruation pattern among schools adol...

The presentation explains the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in patients with Lichen Planus. There is a dearth of literature showing significant association of Metabolic Syndrome in lichen planus.

Background: The neonatal period of the small for gestational age (SGA) neonates is the most vulnerable phase; the neonatal morbid conditions along with the mortality being the major health issues in the developing countries like Nepal. The objective of this study was to assess the morbidity pattern of the SGA neonates admitted in the neonatal inten...

Background: Every year, millions of children around the world face sexual abuse and exploitation. Sexual and reproductive health education is an important form of health promotion action against it. This study aims to assess the impact of health education program in improving knowledge of the children on child sexual abuse. Methods: A school based...

Background: Petroleum products are materials derived from crude oil as it is processed in oil refineries. It is a naturally occurring yellowish-black liquid found in geological formations beneath the earth’s surface that can be refined into fuel. The purpose of this study was to examine the trend analysis of petroleum product imports in Nepal. Meth...

Introduction: Road traffic accidents are a public health problem and have emerged as the leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Head is the most commonly affected site of road traffic accidents. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of road traffic accidents among patients presenting to the emergency department of a tertiary care...

Petroleum products are materials derived from crude oil as it is processed in oil refineries. It is a naturally occurring yellowish-black liquid found in geological formations beneath the earth’s surface that can be refined into fuel. The purpose of this study was to examine the trend analysis of petroleum product imports in Nepal. The study has be...

Remittances have become a major source of funding in developing countries. A time series analysis was conducted by taking the 25 years data of economic growth as a dependent variable while remittance, money supply and Inflation as independent variables form the annual report of Economic survey of Nepal (2020/21). The autoregressive distributive lag...

Introduction: Hypovolemic shock is diagnosed by the signs of hemodynamic instability and when the source of volume loss is obvious. Among various types, hypovolemic shock is the most common which results either from the loss of blood from hemorrhage or from the loss of plasma alone due to extravascular fluid sequestration or gastrointestinal, urina...

Introduction: Transversus Abdominis Release is a noble technique for the repair of complex ventral hernia, where the posterior component separation allows a huge pre-peritoneal space advantageous for the placement of large-sized mesh. It has less wound morbidity as compared to anterior component separation due to the preservation of skin perforator...

Background: Introduction to Clinical Medicine (ICM) is a relatively new and innovative approach for teaching medicine. ICM engages medical students in their understanding of the disease process from clinical feature to diagnosis, studying abnormalities of complaints, examination. The aim of this study was to find the undergraduate medical students’...

Background: Management of renal trauma has evolved over past decades from surgical exploration to renal preservation. Conservative management of high-grade renal trauma is possible due to advancement in imaging modality, dedicated critical care and availability of selective embolization. The objective to this research was to analyze the demographic...

Background: Surgical procedures require a safe anesthesia and safe anesthetic agents for this purpose use of small dose of sedative agent or any other anesthetic agent in order to reduce the dose requirement as well as adverse effects of the main inducing agent. Therefore, this study was carried out using ketamine with propofol (KETOFOL) to compare...

Background: Tobacco smoking is a leading preventable cause of mortality and morbidity around the world. The objective of this research was to find the level and factors associated with knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding hookah smoking among nursing students. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 373 bache-lors of...

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the world's most serious infectious diseases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis typically attacks the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted patients who were suffering from tuberculosis and taking Anti-TB medicine from di...

Introduction: Perforations of the gastrointestinal tract are frequently encountered surgical emergencies associated with high morbidity and mortality. This study was conducted to evaluate different spectrum of gastrointestinal tract perforations, their presentations, mode of surgery, complications and factors associated with mortality. Methods: Th...

Background: Diabetes mellitus is increasing day by day throughout the globe. So, early diagnosis of diabetes is crucially important in reduction of the complications. This study was conducted to determine the correlation between glucose monitoring by fasting blood glucose and two hours postprandial blood glucose with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in...

Introduction: Poisoning is an acute medical emergency. Organophosphorus (OP) poison, being easily available and relatively cheaper, is mostly used by people for suicide. It is a major health problem worldwide also a major cause of suicide in Nepal. The purpose of this study was to assess the overall profile of patients with Organophosphorus (OP) po...

Introduction: In medical research the target of researcher is to generalize the finding to the population based upon the information of sample data. This sample has to be representative of the target population, and the number of participants must be appropriate. The determination of minimum optimum sample size is extremely important not only for e...

Background: Corneal blindness, the second major cause of blindness in Nepal, can only be treated by corneal transplants which required an eye donor. The rate of eye donation can be increased by increasing knowledge and awareness programs among all peoples. The purpose of this study is to assess the knowledge and attitude among Bachelor students of...

Introduction: Overweight and obesity are major health-related problems causing an economic burden on societies around the world. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity and to determine the associated factors among reproductive women in a municipality in western Nepal. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study w...

Introduction: The cervical ribs are the supernumerary ribs that are often associated with neuro-vascular symptoms in thoracic outlet syndromes. The objective of the study is to find the prevalence of cervical ribs among the patients visiting the Radiodiagnosis department of a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study comprisi...

Introduction: The immunogenicity of COVID-19 disease and variability among adverse effects following COVID-19 vaccine in previously infected and non-infected individuals is not clearly understood. So, this study aims to assess the association of adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccine with previously infected and non-infected individuals. Methods: A ca...

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is one of the commonest non-communicable diseases in Nepal and is associated with long term microvascular and macro vascular complications. Detection of albumin in urine is the earliest recognizable feature in the development of proteinuric diabetic nephropathy. This study aims to study the prevalence as well the det...

Introduction: Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC, Intrauterine contraceptives devices and Implants) stand on 1st regards to safety and effectiveness. It is an easily accessible variety for spacing birth as well as preventing unintended pregnancy soon after childbirth in Nepal due to free supply by the Government under safe motherhood progr...

Introduction: The POSSUM score is one of the several risk scores to predict postoperative morbidity and mortality in the surgical domain.This study was designed to assess the validity of POSSUM scoring system in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgeries in our setup and to analyse the outcome and compare the observed and expected values. Metho...

Background: Along with many physical issues associated with the HIV/AIDS there are socio-psychological ill-effects including depression, anxiety and stress. The antiretroviral therapy has been successful in prolonging the life but not much information is available on the psychosocial issues and social support from Nepal. Methods: Sequential explan...

IntroductionCOVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) associated with substantial morbidity and mortality putting the entire health system under strain. This study aims to assess the sociodemographic and morbidity factors of COVID-19 patients and their association with COVID-19 mortalit...

Introduction: The subpubic angle in the pelvis is most often used to estimate the sex with a higher degree of accuracy. Despite the anthropological and obstetric importance of the subpubic angle, only a few studies exist in the Nepalese population. The objective of this study was to determine the mean subpubic angle of the patient visiting the depa...

Background: The fibularis tertius muscle (FTM) is a variant muscle of the crural compartment of the leg that is thought to have evolved in human as a result of the development of the bipedal gait. The Fibularis tertius muscle, as an ankle dorsiflexor and foot evertor, plays an important physiological role in effective terrestrial locomotion related...

Background: Patient satisfaction is the level to which the patients’ experience that their needs and expectations are being met by the service provided. The aim of the study was to measure and improve the quality of eye care services at Lumbini Eye Institute and Research center (LEIRC)/Shree Rana Ambika Shah Eye Hospital (SRASEH) both pediatric and...

Background: COVID-19 has put huge impact on our day to day life. Needless to say, the lockdown has hugely affected the education system as well. The purpose of this study was to assess students’ perceptions and attitude toward virtual learning among undergraduate and graduate students of Nepal. Methods: A web-based cross-sectional study using Googl...

Introduction: End-stage renal disease patients are in rising trend globally, and they have been found to occur predominantly in developing countries. Many studies have been published before, within and across the countries, to know the clinicodemographic profile of end-stage renal disease patients. However, no such studies were done in Chitwan, Ne...

Background: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is carried out under moderate sedation mostly by use of propofol, opioids and benzodizepines. The aim of study is to assess difficulty in cannulation of ampulla of vater with the use of fentanyl. Methods: A prospective randomized double blind comparative study was conducted at Bharatpur...

Background: Laryngopharyngeal reflux is retrograde flow of contents of the stomach to the larynx and the pharynx. The study aims to compare two regimens (proton pump inhibitor monotherapy versus triple therapy) on the outcome of Helicobactor pylori positive laryngopharyngeal reflux disease. Methods: The presence of laryngopharyngeal reflux was d...

Introduction: Spectrum of kidney diseases differs significantly in developing and developed countries. However, there is no central registry regarding the nature of such diseases in Nepal and our center either. The study aims to know the clinicodemographic spectrum of kidney disease patients admitted to our hospital. Methods: This study was a de...

Background Kidney biopsy is an important diagnostic tool in Nephrology. As of now, we don't have a central kidney biopsy registry in our country and there are many studies showing heterogeneous patterns of pathologies observed in the country. We thought of looking on the clinico-pathological profile of kidney biopsy patients prevailing in our centr...

Background: Kidney biopsy is an important diagnostic tool in Nephrology and is said to berelatively a safe procedure.There are limited studies in the complications of kidney biopsy from this region. We therefore thought of looking into the complications of kidney biopsy and its risk factors. Methods: A hospital based analytical cross sectional stud...

Background: Depression is one of the most common mental disorders responsible for consider­able morbidity, disability and decreased quality of life. The socio-demographic factors have con­sistently been identified as important factors in explaining the variability in depression prevalence rates. This study was aimed to evaluate the relationship bet...

Background: Depression is one of the most common mental disorders responsible for consider­able morbidity, disability and decreased quality of life. The socio-demographic factors have con­sistently been identified as important factors in explaining the variability in depression prevalence rates. This study was aimed to evaluate the relationship bet...

Introduction: Studies have reported that off springs of hypertensive parents are more likely to develop hypertension. Affection of target organ starts even before the diagnosis of hypertension. Autonomic dysfunction may be the initial cardiac effects in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Till now very few studies have been done to find the early out...

Background: Off springs with a parental history of type 2 diabetes mellitus are genetically susceptible to develop diabetes. In some recent reports it has been shown that these vulnerable population exhibit altered autonomic activity even before the manifestations of disease. Autonomic dysfunction might be the initial cardiac pathology in subclinic...

Background: Suicide is the act of taking one's own life. Suicidal attempts, (both fatal and nonfatal) are a challenging public health issue. Suicide causes heavy morbidity and mortality in the most productive group of a community. This study was aimed to calculate the prevalence rate of major depressive disorder among persons who attempted suicide...

Background Maintenance hemodialysis is a popular treatment modality of renal replacement therapy for end stage renal disease patients; however their mortality seemed to be rising in our centre. There were no previous studies regarding the clinicodemographic profile and outcome of maintenance hemodialysis patients from this region. Objective This st...