Hari AdhikariUniversity of Helsinki | HY · Department of Geosciences and Geography
Hari Adhikari
Doctor of Philosophy
About
61
Publications
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Introduction
Extensive knowledge and experience in the fields of forestry, landscape management and wildlife management along with international working experience in REDD+ and climate change.
Additional affiliations
April 2014 - present
Education
October 2009 - July 2012
March 2004 - March 2008
Publications
Publications (61)
Free archive of georectified and atmospherically corrected Landsat satellite images create a large range of opportunities for environmental research. However, the topographic effects in images are typically normalized regionally by end-users, and it remains uncertain if this procedure is always necessary. Our objective was to assess the effect of t...
Afromontane tropical forests maintain high biodiversity and provide valuable ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration. The spatial distribution of aboveground biomass (AGB) in forest-agriculture landscape mosaics is highly variable and controlled both by physical and human factors. In this study, the objectives were (1) to generate a map of...
Airborne laser scanning (ALS) is considered as the most accurate remote sensing data for the predictive modelling of AGB. However, tropical landscapes experiencing land use changes are typically heterogeneous mosaics of various land cover types with high tree species richness and trees outside forests, making them challenging environments even for...
Tropical montane forests are important reservoirs of carbon and biodiversity and have a central role in the hydrological cycle. They are, however, very fragmented and degraded, leaving isolated remnants across the landscape. These montane forest remnants have considerable differences in forest structure, depending on factors such as tree species co...
Tropical forests store 40-50% of terrestrial vegetation carbon. Spatial variations in aboveground live tree biomass carbon (AGC) stocks remain poorly understood, in particular in tropical montane forests. Because of climatic and soil changes with increasing elevation, AGC stocks are lower in tropical montane compared to lowland forests. Here we ass...
Phoenix acaulis (Roxb.), a common understory shrub in Nepal's Chure region, has remained largely understudied until now. Therefore, this study aims to examine the ecological impact of P. acaulis on Shorea robusta (Gaertn. f.) forest properties and to explore associated community perceptions in S. robusta forest of Udayapur district, Nepal. Stratifi...
Invasive alien plant species (IAPS) pose a serious threat to overall plant biodiversity across the globe. Nepal's national parks and protected areas are not devoid of the impact of IAPS. Unfortunately, there is a substantial gap in knowledge regarding the extent and impact of invasion in protected areas of Nepal. This study assessed the impact of i...
The endangered hispid hare (Caprolagus hispidus) is one of the least studied mammal species. The recent rediscovery of hispid hare in Chitwan National Park (CNP) after three decades, necessitated urgent conservation measures. A detailed investigation into the species' ecology is imperative for developing evidence-based conservation strategies to su...
Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn.) is a major tree species of Nepal, which plays a vital role in the socio-economic development of livelihoods through multi-purpose uses. Developing a tree stem volume model provides a fundamental tool for estimating forest biomass, carbon stock, and economic value of timber and is useful for modeling growth and yield and...
Accurate canopy cover estimation is essential for mature and early-stage young forests, as it guides forest management and silvicultural activities necessary for their growth and regeneration. However, obtaining precise measurements of canopy cover in the field is time-consuming and challenging, especially at the regional and landscape levels. Remo...
Human-wildlife conflicts (HWC) are common in locations where human
settlements and wildlife ecosystems intersect. Conflict between people and
wildlife is a significant conservation issue that is challenging to resolve.
Therefore, this research aims to reveal the trends, status, and patterns of HWC in
the Buffer Zone (BZ) of Chitwan National Par...
Simple Summary
This research paper presents a comprehensive study of the patterns of conflicts between humans and Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus) in the Guthichaur rural municipality, Jumla, Nepal. Through semi-structured interviews with villagers, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews, this study explores the extent of crop...
Above-ground biomass (AGB) is affected by numerous factors, including topography, climate, land use, or tree/forest attributes. Investigating the distribution and driving factors of AGB within the managed forests in Nepal is crucial for developing effective strategies for climate change mitigation, and sustainable forest management and conservation...
Forests play a significant role in sequestering carbon and regulating the global carbon and energy cycles. Accurately estimating forest biomass is crucial for understanding carbon stock and sequestration, forest degradation, and climate change mitigation. This study was conducted to estimate above-ground biomass (AGB) and compare the accuracy of th...
The Chure Hills, already vulnerable due to their fragile nature, face increased landslide risk, prompting the need for reliable susceptibility assessment. This study uses Poisson regression modeling to assess landslide susceptibility in two highly susceptible districts of the Chure region. Variance inflation factor (VIF) tests were conducted to ens...
Livestock depredation by leopards is a pervasive issue across many Asian and African range countries, particularly in and around protected areas. Developing effective conflict mitigation strategies requires understanding the landscape features influencing livestock depredation. In this study, we investigated predictors associated with livestock dep...
Various factors, including topography, climate, soil attributes, and vegetation composition, influence above-ground biomass productivity in forest ecosystems. Despite the success of community forestry in restoring degraded hill forests in Nepal, existing research offers limited insights into how topographic factors and plant species affect soil che...
Background
Biodiversity conservation is becoming challenging day by day. For this, it is essential to understand the distribution, habitat, and impact of anthropogenic activities on animals at risk. We assessed the suitable habitats and anthropogenic impacts on Asiatic black bears, common leopards, musk deer, and snow leopards in and outside the pr...
The mitigation of global warming and conservation of biodiversity are two significant environmental challenges today. Estimating and comparing forest carbon stock and plant diversity under different management approaches provide insight into the choice of management approaches for carbon and plant diversity management. We investigated the variation...
The Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) has experienced a rapid population decline throughout its distribution. In Nepal, it mostly occurs outside protected areas; therefore, habitat degradation due to anthropogenic activities is one of the major threats to its survival. However, the scarcity of information on the ecology and distribution of pang...
Tropical landscapes comprise a variety of land cover (LC) types with characteristic canopy structure and tree species. Depending on the LC type, large-diameter trees and certain tree species can contribute disproportionately to aboveground biomass (AGB), and these patterns are not described at landscape-level in LC type specific studies. Therefore,...
The hispid hare (Caprolagus hispidus) is one of the most elusive mammals and is listed as an endangered species both globally by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and nationally by National Red list series, Nepal. The species is experiencing a continuous decline across its distribution range due to increasing anthropogenic a...
Rapidly changing environmental conditions (bioclimatic, anthropogenic, topographic, and vegetation-related variables) are likely to alter the spatial distribution of flora and fauna. To understand the influence of environmental variables on the Blue bull’s distribution and to identify potential conflict zones, the habitat suitability analysis of th...
Introgressive hybridisation is a process that enables gene flow across species barriers through the backcrossing of hybrids into a parent population. This may make genetic material, potentially including relevant environmental adaptations, rapidly available in a gene pool. Consequently, it has been postulated to be an important mechanism for enabli...
Preprocessing of Landsat images is a double-edged sword, transforming the raw data into a useful format but potentially introducing unwanted values with unnecessary steps. Through recovering missing data of satellite images in time series analysis, gap-filling is an important, highly developed, preprocessing procedure, but its necessity and effects...
Tropical forests store 40–50 per cent of terrestrial vegetation carbon1. However, spatial variations in aboveground live tree biomass carbon (AGC) stocks remain poorly understood, in particular in tropical montane forests2. Owing to climatic and soil changes with increasing elevation3, AGC stocks are lower in tropical montane forests compared with...
Combined with increasing computing ability, the free and open access to Landsat archive has enabled the changes on the Earth’s surface to be monitored for almost 50 years. However, due to missing observations that result from clouds, cloud shadows, and scan line corrector failure, the Landsat data record is neither a continuous nor consistent time...
Out-migration is one of the most recognized adaptation practices when dealing with scarce resources and disasters. With the general objective of exploring migration as an impact of climate-induced disasters, our study was conducted in Khaniyapani, in the Sunapati rural municipality of Ramechhap district, Nepal. Disaster prioritization was conducted...
Floral attributes often influence the foraging choices of nectar-feeding butterflies, given the close association between plants and these butterfly pollinators. The diversity of butterflies is known to a large extent in Nepal, but little information is available on the feeding habits of butterflies. This study was conducted along the periphery of...
Increases and decreases in the areas of climatic types have become one of the most important responses to climate warming. However, few attempts have been made to quantify the complementary relationship between different climate types or to further assess changes in the spatial morphology. In this study, we used different observed datasets to revea...
Using both observation and CMIP5 simulation data, this study investigates the shifts of climate zones from a landscape perspective on the Arctic for the period 1940–2013. The results reveal that the reduction in area is often accompanied by the fragmentation of the spatial structure. In terms of percentage of landscape, the coverage of polar climat...
Land suitability analysis is a prerequisite in achieving optimum utilization of the available land resources. The main objective of this study was to develop a suitability map for lokta based on topographic, soil, land-use, land cover, and climatic factors of production using a Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) & GIS approach. The study was carried o...
Savannahs provide valuable ecosystem services and contribute to continental and global carbon budgets. In addition, savannahs exhibit multiple land uses, e.g., wildlife conservation, pastoralism, and crop farming. Despite their importance, the effect of land use on woody aboveground biomass (AGB) in savannahs is understudied. Furthermore, fences us...
An account of widespread degradation and deforestation in Nepal has been noticed in various literature sources. Although the contribution of community forests (CF) on the improvement of forest cover and condition in the Mid-hill of Nepal is positive, detailed study to understand the current situation seems important. The study area (Tanahun Distric...
Bushlands (Acacia-Commiphora) constitute the largest and one of the most threatened ecosystems in East Africa. Although several studies have investigated the climatic impacts of land changes on local and global climate, the main focus has been on forest loss and the impacts of bushland clearing thus remain poorly understood. Measuring the impacts o...
Two separate subfamilies of Plio‐Pleistocene African pigs (suids) consecutively evolved hypsodont and horizodont molars with flat occlusal surfaces, commonly interpreted as an adaptive trait to a grazing diet, similar to that of the present warthogs ( Phacochoerus spp.). To investigate this in detail, we studied the 3D‐dental topography of fossil s...
The global temperature has increased approximately 0.9°C over the past 50 years and is projected to continue to increase. Many efforts have been taken to investigate the evolutionary dynamics of climate classification zones in response to the rising temperature. However, the changing dynamics of the spatial climate patterns remain poorly understood...
Asian Elephants Elephas maximus in Nepal are known to have habitats and movement corridors in Parsa National Park (PNP) and its buffer zone (BZ), located east of Chitwan National Park. A study was conducted in this area to assess the suitability of PNP and
BZ as elephant use areas, and to determine factors relevant to the presence of elephants in...
Classifying land use/land cover (LULC) with sufficient accuracy in heterogeneous landscapes is challenging using only satellite imagery. To improve classification accuracy inclusion of features from auxiliary geospatial datasets in classification models is applied since 1980s. However, the method is mostly limited to pixel-based classifications, and the...
The Greater One-horned Rhinoceros Rhinoceros unicornis has been listed as a Vulnerable species on IUCN Red List, Appendix I of CITES, and a protected animal under the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 2029 B.S., 1973. In Nepal, it was found only in Chitwan, Bardia, Shuklaphanta and Parsa national parks, but it has recently been also repo...
One particularly interesting event in the evolution of suids (Suidae, pigs) happens in Plio-Pleistocene Africa: the trend of low-crowned bunodont molars that majority of the suids have, change gradually to high-crowned, multicusped molars. This study will use the methods of dental topography analyses to further investigate the idea of Plio-Pleistoc...
Africa had lost 16% of its forests and 5% of its woodlands and grasslands over the period of1975-2000, equating to over 50 000 km per year of natural vegetation. Besides the continental scale studies of land changes, many forest or land-cover-change studies in East Africa indicate intensified land use pressure, evidenced by the loss of forests or b...
Fractional tree cover (Fcover) is an important biophysical variable for measuring forest degradation and characterizing land cover. Recently, atmospherically corrected Landsat data have become available, providing opportunities for high-resolution mapping of forest attributes at global-scale. However, topographic correction is a pre-processing step...
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) is an effort to create a financial value for the carbon stored in forests by offering incentives for developing countries to reduce emissions from forested lands. With the aim to produce accurate and reliable results regarding forest land-cover in the REDD + pilot project and ident...
The journey of Hari in the field of bat research
Eight species of bats were identified from Palpa and Kaski districts for the first time, during the fieldwork conducted from January to October 2009. Altogether individuals were captured and released and 11 wet specimens were prepared and preserved. This research provides information on species richness, their distribution and threats on bats that...
Compared with the numerous studies on Chiroptera in other countries only little information has been published on Nepalese bats. Status of bats in Nepal has not been identified and even not given more interest by the government body which is devoted to wildlife managements itself. In Nepal, out of 51 species recorded by CAMP in 2002, 2 are critical...
Relatively very little information has been published on Nepalese bats as compared to the adjoining regions. The study of bats in the Himalayas has a long but sparse history, with a handful of relevant publication. Primary focus in wildlife conservation in Nepal has been on large mammals (Heinen and Yonzon 1994) hence small mammal species like bats...
In the context of an excessive survey of bats from Indian Subcontinent, present knowledge on bats of Nepal is incomplete. Based on the different published literature and research done on different parts of Nepal, 58 species of bats belonging to 25 Genus are reported to exist and other 23 species of 18 Genus of bats have the possibility of presence...
Short report on Hari Adhikari, prepared By Sally Waker in 2009
Bats are least studied and known species in Nepal. Out of 1116 species in the world, only 53 species have been reported from some parts of Nepal. There are many potential sites where they have not been studied. Bat conservation in Nepal has been ignored by Government, Non-Government Organizations, and even conservationist. Some students in parts of...
Rupa Lake is the third biggest lake of Pokhara valley. It supports a number of floral and faunal species. A total of 36 species of waterbirds have been recorded in the lake which represents about 19 percent of the total 193 wetland-dependent birds found in Nepal. The lake is under pressure from diverse anthropogenic factors. Waterbirds of Rupa Lake...
Report on conservation educator training for Bat Friends and educators of Nepal
The idea of bat conservation was almost unheard of in Nepal until a few years ago. Bats were totally ignored by the government and civic organizations and even by most conservationists. Few Nepalis knew much about bats, and most of what they thought they knew was wrong and usually damaging. Since about 2005, however, a small but enthusiastic corps...
The study entitled “Assessment of Degraded Sites and Existing Rehabilitation Measures in Sub-watersheds of Khaste, Dipang, Gunde, Neureni and Maide Lakes of Pokhara Valley” aimed at identifying degraded sites and rehabilitation measures in sub-watersheds of above listed lakes of Pokhara valley and preparing a GIS map showing these sites. It also ai...
Pokhara valley is located in Kaski district of the Western region of Nepal. The precise geographical location of the valley is between 28°24’ to 2804' N and 83°99 ' to 84°65 'E. The average height of the Pokhara valley above the sea level ranges from 730m to 1030m. The main precipitation here occurs in the form of rainfall. The climate is sub-tropi...
Questions
Questions (9)
I was wondering if Fusion software to process LiDAR files can be used in parallel processing. (http://forsys.cfr.washington.edu/FUSION/fusion_overview.html)
Hi all,
I am extracting forest parameters from LiDAR point clouds, and i am in dilemma, which software should i choose. I would like to go with only one software. Lastools has lascanopy option, Fusion has Grid2metrics and csv2grid option. I have no idea about Whitetoolbox.
regards
Hari
Hi all,
So far i found these two books which use R programming to describe forest calculations.
1) Robinson and Hamann2011, "Forest Analytics With R"
2) Mehtatalo and Lappi 2020, "Biometry For Forestry And Environmental Data"
Please let me know some other books which you know.
regards
Hari
Hello,
I was looking for a digital copy of master plan for forestry sector in Nepal. I am mostly in need of wood density values for Nepalese's species so that i could calculate AGB from volume equations.
regards
Hari
Hi all,
I am wondering if we have some collection of all allometric equation for forest biomass and volume calculation in Nepal.
Hi all,
How can i get road as a separate class? I have a very high resolution image (10cm) with Blue, Green, Red, Near-Infrared and Red-edge bands. I also have access to 2 m resolution digital elevation model and 10 cm digital surface model.
Hi,
I would like to calculate the position of each tree in the field plot. I have calculated distance and angle to each tree from the center and also i have GPS location for each plot center. Does anyone have R script to do this?
regards
Hari
Hi all,
I need to extract pixel value from raster image for my field plot. My field plot has 17 m radius. The center point falls on the top right corner of the pixel in the raster image. If i use a point, then i can extract that pixel value, but if i use a buffer polygon around that point, that buffer will touch many pixels in the raster. How can i determine the pixel value for that polygon? As it will touch some part of some pixels and covers whole part of next pixels and touches some corner of next pixels and so on. Is there some code written in R to deal with such condition.
regards
Hari
Hi all,
I would like to know if it is possible to select important predictors out of all available list of predictors in case of MSN in yaImpute package in R. I went through some articles where they are using random forest for variable selection. I just want to use MSN in my case. I am predicting some forest structure attributes based on airborne laser scanner.
regards
Hari
