Hamidreza Gohari Darabkhani

• BSc, MSc, PhD, FHEA, PgCERT
• Professor at University of Staffordshire

With the growing demand for plastic production and the importance of plastic recycling, new approaches to plastic waste management are required. Most of the plastic waste is not biodegradable and requires remodeling treatment methods. Chemical recycling has great potential as a method of waste treatment. Plastic pyrolysis allows for the cracking of...

Pyrolysis of municipal plastic waste Solar PV and wind turbine systems Saltwater desalination and electrolysis Oxy-hydrogen furnace CO 2 as a reaction medium A B S T R A C T The pyrolysis of plastic waste and the electrolysis of saltwater is a promising route to carbon neutrality in ocean cleanup and plastic waste management. Therefore, a solar and...

Global energy market price volatility and an upward trajectory of prices per unit of electricity have sent all industrial sectors and many economies to the brink of recession. Alongside the urgent need for decarbonisation of all industries, achieving a globally higher level of energy independence across all sectors seems imperative. A multi-discipl...

Energy market price volatility and an upward trajectory of prices per unit of electricity have sent all industrial sectors and many economies to the brink of recession. Alongside the urgent need for decarbonisation of all industries, achieving a higher level of energy independence across all sectors seems imperative. A multi-disciplinary approach w...

The requirement to monitor and control industrial processes has increased over recent years, therefore innovative techniques are required to meet the demand for alternative methods of particulate measurement. Resonant mass sensors are now strong candidates for accurate mass measurement and are frequently used in many diverse fields of science and e...

World energy consumption is rapidly increasing, and global rising patterns show a higher consumption increase in residential and commercial buildings. Combined heat and power (CHP) systems have been developed and commercialised to distribute and decentralise electricity generation for domestic applications to reduce energy consumption and gas emiss...

Oxyfuel combustion for CO2 capture is originally developed for capturing CO2 from solid fuelled (e.g., coal, biomass) power plants. The technology is then further adapted for the gas turbine-based power plants (oxyturbine power cycles). Several oxyturbine cycles are being introduced through thermodynamic analysis and just a few are further develope...

The carbon capture technologies involve the capture of carbon dioxide (CO2) from fuel combustion or industrial processes. These technologies can be applied to different industries such as power generation, hydrogen production, iron and steel, ammonia production, preparation of fossil fuels and natural gas processing. The captured carbon will need t...

Oxyfuel combustion technology is an effective way of capturing CO2 from power plants and industrial processes. In this technology, the combustion air replaces nearly pure oxygen as the oxidiser. The working flow will be enriched with CO2 by recycling the flue gases, making CO2 capture an easy and cost-effective process. The energy penalty of this c...

In this chapter, the available technologies for turbine combustors have been reviewed and design strategies to accommodate the oxy-fired technologies have been scrutinised to come up with a novel oxy-fired combustor. Based on the review, a new radial combustor for an oxy-fired turbine has been designed to operate on the NetPower cycle. The radial c...

Gas turbine cycles are being used extensively in both power and propulsion systems. The thermodynamic cycle that describes how a gas turbine is operating is called the Brayton Cycle. This heat engine extracts energy from fuel and air after pressurised combustion through the turbine unit. The world’s first industrial gas turbine operated in Switzerl...

Oxycombustion in gas turbine power plants (oxyturbine power cycles) is seen as one of the best solutions to capture CO2 from new and retrofitted gas-fired power stations. Therefore, conducting studies to evaluate the cycle configurations and flexibilities, process/performance simulations, sensitivity and technoeconomic analysis is highly essential....

The majority of the oxycombustion gas turbine cycles are introduced by means of thermodynamic analysis and only a few of them like NetPower and clean energy system (CES) have had a chance to go to the pilot-scale demonstration phase. While using the free NOx and fully captured CO2 power cycles are essential to achieving net zero emission targets by...

This chapter concludes the investigations and analysis presented in this reference book on the technoeconomical and process simulations of the major oxycombustion gas turbine power cycles (oxyturbine power cycles) in the energy industry. It can be used to draw a road map for the future development and deployment of low carbon, higher efficiency, an...

CO2 emissions have been identified as the main driver for climate change, with devastating consequences for the global natural environment. The steel industry is responsible for ~7–11% of global CO2 emissions, due to high fossil-fuel and energy consumption. The onus is therefore on industry to remedy the environmental damage caused and to decarboni...

CO2 emissions have been identified as the main driver for climate change, with devastating consequences for the global natural environment. The steel industry is responsible for ca. 8%-11% of global CO2 emissions, due to high fossil-fuel and energy consumption. The onus is therefore on industry to remedy the environmental damage caused and to decar...

The requirement to monitor and control particulate emissions from industrial processes using continuous emission monitoring systems (CEMS) has significantly increased over recent years. Under current legislation, CEMS equipment requires calibration against the standard reference method (SRM) using isokinetic sampling and gravimetric analysis under...

This review article presents an overview of the commercially available methods to measure particulate matter (PM) from stationary sources, focusing on techniques to measure mass concentration. Mass concentration is the requirement for the majority of current regulations not only in the UK and Europe but also Worldwide. The process of particulate em...

Nowadays, the design and application of free-carbon emission renewable fuels in micropower generators seem to be interesting to provide decentralized clean, affordable, and resilient energy in developing countries, thereby reaching the 2050 net-zero carbon emission objectives. The operation of micro-scale Closed Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) system with...

The ever-increasing demand on highly efficient decentralized power generation with low CO2 emission has made microturbines for power generation in micro gas turbine (MGT) systems popular when running on biofuels as a renewable source of energy. This document presents a state-of-the-art design, and optimization (in terms of design, performance and e...

One of the effective strategies in meso and micro combustors for flame stabilization is to consider a wall cavity in a step. This extends the blow-off limit that can cause flame stagnation and anchoring. In the present work, the premixed hydrogen turbulent flame in a thermo-photovoltaic combustor with a step is simulated, validated and researched i...

This article presents a model to predict the wax appearance temperature (WAT) and the quantity of wax deposition in eight different n-alkane mixtures using a correlative technique. The perturbed hard sphere chain equation of state (PHSC EoS) was employed in conjunction with the multi-solid model to describe the liquid-liquid and solid-liquid equili...

The health and durability of micro thermophotovoltaic systems are contingent upon the level of gaseous emissions of micro combustors regarding their small size, thickness, and compactness. In small combustion devices, the flame stabilization is achieved via conjugated heat transfer from the stabilized flame to the fresh reactant via the step of the...

Design of the combustor is of high priority in microturbine generators (MTG) due to the small and compact configuration of these type of generators and high range of the shaft revolution (normally over 100k rpm). Design process of the MTG components including the micro combustor and turbomachinery also require accurate description of the combustion...

In this work, a new 3 kWe flameless combustor for hydrogen fuel is designed and analyzed using CFD simulation. The strategy of the design is to provide a large volumetric combustion for hydrogen fuel without significant rise of the temperature. The combustor initial dimensions and specification were obtained from practical design procedures, and th...

One of the main challenges of the current century is the global warming and its impact on climate change. Global warming is mainly due to the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG), and carbon dioxide (CO₂) is known to be the major contributor to the GHG emission profile. whilst the energy sector is the primary source for CO₂ emission, carbon capture a...

Membranes can potentially offer low-cost CO2 capture from post-combustion flue gas. However, the low partial pressure of CO2 in flue gases can inhibit their effectiveness unless methods are employed to increase their partial pressure. Selective-Exhaust Gas Recirculation (S-EGR) has recently received considerable attention. In this study, the perfor...

In this study, novel spherical molecularly imprinted polymeric (MIP) particles containing amide-decorated nanocavities with CO2 recognition properties in poly[acrylamide-co-(ethyleneglycoldimethacrylate)] mesoporous matrix were synthesized by suspension polymerization in an oil-in-water, using oxalic acid and acetonitrile/toluene as dummy template...

In recent years there has been growing concern about greenhouse gas emissions (particularly CO2 emissions) and global warming. Oxyfuel combustion is one of the key technologies for tackling CO2 emissions in the power industry and reducing their contribution to global warming. The technology involves burning fuel with high-purity oxygen to generate...

Laminarization is an important topic in heat transfer and turbulence modeling. Recent studies have demonstrated that several well-known turbulence models failed to provide accurate prediction when applied to mixed convection flows with significant re-laminarization effects. One of those models, a well-validated cubic nonlinear eddy-viscosity model,...

Oxy-combustion with coal and biomass co-firing is a technology that could revolutionize fossil fuel power generation due to its potential to produce negative CO2 emissions. However, there are related scientific issues like the chemistry inside the oxy-combustor, heat transfer, or characteristics of the ash deposits that are still not clear. The wor...

Oxy-combustion with coal and biomass co-firing is a technology that could revolutionise fossil fuel power generation due to its potential to produce negative CO2 emissions. However, there are various issues like the chemistry inside the oxy-combustor, heat transfer, or characteristics of the ash deposits that are still not well understood. Experim...

Oxy-combustion with coal and biomass co-firing is a technology that could revolutionize fossil fuel power generation. It can significantly reduce harmful greenhouse gas emissions and permit the continued use of plentiful coal supplies and thereby secure our future energy needs without the severe environmental impacts expected if fossil fuels are us...

The OxyCAP-UK (Oxyfuel Combustion - Academic Programme for the UK) programme was a £2 M collaboration involving researchers from seven UK universities, supported by E.On and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council. The programme, which ran from November 2009 to July 2014, has successfully completed a broad range of activities related...

Oxy-fuel combustion is a promising and relatively new technology tofacilitate CO2 capture and sequestration (CCS) for power plants utilising hydrocarbonfuels. In this research experimental oxy-combustion trials and simulation arecarried out by firing pulverised coal and biomass and co-firing a mixture of them ina 100 kW retrofitted oxy-combustor at...

The energy system is highly complex and its future is uncertain due to unexpected changes and contrasting values. The complexity of the system may be defined by, for example, changing politics, technologies, finance and demographics. Under these conditions, decision-makers may struggle to confidently assess their future needs. However, decisions mu...

Oxy-combustion with coal and biomass co-firing is a technology that could revolutionize fossil fuel power generation. It can significantly reduce harmful greenhouse gas emissions and permit the continued use of plentiful coal supplies and thereby secure our future energy needs without the severe environmental impacts expected if fossil fuels are us...

Oxy-fuel combustion is a promising and relatively new technology to facilitate CO2 capture and sequestration (CCS) for power plants utilising hydrocarbon fuels. In this research experimental oxy-combustion trials and simulation are carried out by firing pulverised coal and biomass and co-firing a mixture of them in a 100 kW retrofitted oxy-combusto...

Oxy-fuel combustion is a clean coal technology based on firing fuel in an enriched oxygen atmosphere to obtain a higher concentration of CO2 in the off-gasses. Part of the flue gas is recycled to the combustor to control the temperature of the process. This technology can be combined with the co-utilisation of coal and biomass. The use of blends of...

'Laminarisation' is an important phenomenon in various engineering and aerodynamic applications. In a recent work published by the lead author and his colleagues at the University of Manchester, a range of refined Reynolds-Averaged-Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulence models were applied to an ascending pipe flow with mixed convection where significant...

This work investigates the implementation of non-intrusive optical combustion diagnostic techniques to study the influence of elevated pressures, on the flame structure and dynamics of the gaseous co-flow diffusion flames. Photomultipliers, high speed photography accompanied with digital image processing techniques have been used to study the struc...

Oxy-fuel combustion is a clean coal technology based on firing fuel in an enriched oxygen atmosphere to obtain high CO2 concentrations in the exhaust gas. Experimental tests were performed at Cranfield University using a 100kWth retrofitted oxy-combustor. In parallel, a kinetic simulation model using Aspen Plus was designed and validated to serve a...

Oxy-fuel combustion is a clean coal technology based on firing fuel in an enriched oxygen atmosphere to obtain a higher concentration of CO2 in the off-gasses. Part of the flue gas is recycled to the combustor to control the temperature of the process. This technology can be combined with the co-utilisation of coal and biomass. The use of blends of...

We present line-of-sight measurements with broadband THz radiation through a methane diffusion flame, with the motivation to develop a modality for sensing and imaging within sooty flames. We present the design details of a bespoke high-pressure burner suitable for THz line-of-sight measurements, as well as hard-field tomography imaging from 4 pro...

Oxy-fuel combustion is one of the main options being considered for the capture of CO2 from fossil fuel-fired power generation. This is needed to satisfy the current regulations regarding reduction of greenhouse emissions. Experimental and simulation trials of this technology have been carried out at Cranfield University using mixtures of pulverise...

In this paper, high speed direct/schlieren imaging system together with Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system is applied to investigate the vortex dynamics and structures of methane–air coflow diffusion flames. The schlieren and PIV images show that the dynamics of the vortices outside the visible flame are strongly affected by the coflow air vel...

In this paper we report on experimental investigation of co-flow air velocity effects on the flickering behavior and stabilization mechanism of laminar natural gas diffusion flames (with more than 96% methane in the fuel composition). In this study, chemiluminescence and high speed photography along with digital image processing techniques have bee...

The effects of co-flow air velocity on the flickering behaviour and stabilisation mechanism of a laminar flickering methane diffusion flame are investigated. Photomultipliers, high speed photography accompanied with digital image processing techniques have been used to study the change in global flame shape, the instability initiation point, the fr...

The present paper reports an experimental investigation of co-flow air velocity effects on the flickering behaviour of non-lifted laminar methane diffusion flame. Chemiluminescence, high speed photography accompanied with digital image processing techniques have been used to study the change in global flame shape, the instability initiation point,...

The chamber pressure and fuel flow rate effects on the flickering behavior of methane-air diffusion flames was studied over the pressure range of 1 to 10 bar. Photomultipliers and high-speed imaging techniques have been used to study the frequency and magnitude of the flame oscillation and the change in global flame shape. The instability behavior...

This study addresses the influence of elevated pressures up to 10 bar on the flame geometry and two-dimensional soot temperature distribution of ethylene-air laminar co-flow diffusion flame. Narrow band photography and two-colour pyrometry in the Near Infra-red (NIR) region have been used to gain a better understanding on effects of pressure on the...

This study addresses the influence of elevated pressures up to 1.6 MPa on the flame geometry and the flickering behavior of laminar diffusion flames and particular attention has been paid to the effect of fuel variability. It has been observed that the flame properties are very sensitive to the fuel type and pressure. The shape of the flame was obs...