Hamid Noghanibehambari

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• PhD
• Assistant Professor of Economics at Austin Peay State University

This paper examines the long-term health impacts of in-utero exposure to legal abortion, a policy shift that occurred in the early 1970s in the United States. While prior research highlights the short-term benefits of legal abortion on maternal and infant health, such as reduced mortality and improved infant health outcomes, this study investigates...

This paper studies the long-run mortality effects of in utero and early-life economic conditions. We examine how local economic conditions experienced during the Great Depression, proxied by county-level banking deposits during in utero and first years of life, influences old-age longevity. We find that a one-standard-deviation rise in per capita b...

Intensive agriculture and deep plowing caused topsoil erosion and dust storms during the 1930s, affecting agricultural income and land values for years. Given the growing literature on the relevance of in utero and early-life exposures, it is surprising that studies focusing on links between the Dust Bowl and later-life health have produced inconcl...

This paper explores the long‐run health benefits of education for longevity. Using mortality data from the Social Security Administration (1988–2005) linked to geographic locations in the 1940‐census data, we exploit changes in college availability across cohorts in local areas. Our treatment on the treated calculations suggest increases in longevi...

An ongoing body of research documents that women empowerment is associated with improved outcomes for children. However, little is known about the long‐run effects on health outcomes. This paper adds to this literature and studies the association between maternal exposure to suffrage reforms and children's old‐age longevity. We utilize changes in s...

Previous studies explore the role of birth order in children's and adults’ outcomes. This literature usually provides evidence of disadvantage of children with higher birth order. A narrow strand of this literature explores the association between birth order and old‐age mortality. This study re‐visits the birth‐order‐longevity relationship using U...

Previous research suggests the relevance of in-utero insults and early-life circumstances for a wide array of life cycle outcomes. This research note joins this strand of studies by exploring the long-run mortality effects of in-utero and early-life exposure to alcohol accessibility. In so doing, we take advantage of the prohibition movement during...

Previous literature suggests that empowering women is associated with children's improved outcomes. However, little is known about its effects on children's later‐life crime and incarceration. We argue that women empowerment through suffrage law changes during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in the US generated incentives for wome...

This paper studies the effects of the enactment of birth registration laws, as the official universal and uniform method of recording births, across US states in the first decades of the 20th century on old‐age longevity for children affected by these laws. We show that establishing birth registration laws has long‐term benefits for old‐age health....

A growing body of research explores the long-run effects of social programs and welfare spending. However, evidence linking welfare support in early life with longevity is limited. We add to this literature by evaluating the effect of in-utero and early-life exposure to the largest increases in welfare spending in the US history under the New Deal...

The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to examine the causal relationship of maternal education and infants' health outcomes. Using birth certificate data over the years 1970–2004 and exploiting the space-time variation in Minimum Dropout Age laws to solve the endogeneity of education, we find a sizeable effect of mothers' education on their...

A growing body of research explores the effects of prenatal insults caused by natural disasters on life-cycle outcomes. This paper joins the literature by exploring the long-run effects of prenatal exposure to earthquakes on adulthood and old-age mortality. Using Social Security Administration death records (1975–2005) linked with the full-count 19...

This paper illustrates the intergenerational transmission of the gender gap in education among first and second-generation immigrants. Using the Current Population Survey (1994-2018), we find that the difference in female-male education persists from the home country to the new environment. A one standard deviation increase of the ancestral country...

In this paper, we argue that the availability of colleges incentivizes college enrollment and, by increasing the opportunity cost of incarceration, it has the potential to reduce crime. We provide empirical evidence from college expansions in the US over the years 1974-2019 and implement a triple-difference identification strategy to compare the ar...

This paper uses immigration to investigate the intergenerational transmission of culture. The culture is proxied by nonmarital fertility and age at the first birth in the immigrant’s home country. Using the Current Population Survey, Censuses, and American Community Survey data covering the years 1970–2020, we find that average outcomes in the home...

Several states initiated school finance reforms during the post-1990s, commonly named the "adequacy" era, with the primary purpose of providing adequate funding for low-income school districts. This paper uses the space-time variation in court-ordered reforms in this period as shocks to school spending and investigates its effects on juvenile arres...

This paper investigates the effects of the introduction of Medicaid during the 1960s on next generations’ birth outcomes. A federal mandate that all states must widen the coverage to all cash welfare recipients generated cross-state var iations in Medicaid eligibility, specifically among nonwhites who largely overrepresented the target population....

This paper examines the effects of Unemployment Insurance temporary cash transfer payments on birth outcomes in the United States. Using natality data for the years 1970-2019 and implementing a triple-difference strategy, we find that the programme has sizeable and significant effects on the health outcomes of new-borns, including birth weight, ges...

Natural resources play an important role in the global policy debate among policymakers. This study shows how natural resource rent and share of women in parliament determine corruption level across countries using data of 141 countries from 1997 to 2018. The results indicate that natural resource rent will increase corruption level while the share...

In this paper, we investigate the relationship between the unemployment rate and suicide rate using data from all provinces of Iran and over the years 2009–2015. We exploit the variations in national industry-specific labor demand changes and province-level industry-composition as plausibly exogenous shocks to the province-level employment growth....

This study investigates the relationship between carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions, energy consumption, and economic growth (GDP) in the U.S. at the state level during 1997-2016. This study uses various quantitative approaches including static models as well as dynamic models to measure the impacts of GDP and different types of energy consumption inc...

In this paper, we consider bidding behavior of producers in wholesale electricity market in Iran. Participating in a day ahead pay-as-bid electricity auctions for Generator Companies with purpose of profit maximization in spite of market regulation constraints is taken into account. Since bidding functions are restricted to be stepwise with maximum...

This paper illustrates the intergenerational transmission of the gender gap in education among first and second-generation immigrants. Using the Current Population Survey (1994-2018), we find that the difference in female-male education persists from the home country to the new environment. A one standard deviation increase of the ancestral country...

This paper studies the effect of air temperature on the transmission of COVID-19 in the U.S. using daily observations across counties. This study uses various ordinary least squares (OLS) models with a comprehensive set of fixed effects to overcome unobserved heterogeneity issues across counties as well as the generalized method of moments (GMM) es...

This paper investigates the causal relationship between income shocks during the first years of life and adulthood mortality due to specific causes of death. Using all death records in the United States during 1968-2004 for individuals who were born in the first half of the 20th century, we document a sizable and statistically significant associati...

This paper aims to assess the effects of industrial pollution on infant mortality between the years 1850-1940 using full count decennial censuses. In this period, US economy experienced a tremendous rise in industrial activity with significant variation among different counties in absorbing manufacturing industries. Since manufacturing industries a...

Health capital development during childhood can affect later-life outcomes. This paper examines the long-term effects of the introduction of Medicaid during the 1960s as one of the earliest attempts in US history to provide publicly financed health insurance for the poor. Using a large panel dataset and a difference-in-differences- in-differences i...

This paper explores the potential benefit of enforcements in Child Support policies to child mortality rates. Exploiting the sharp changes in Child Support laws across states and over the years 1975–1993, we find that adoption of a full set of policies reduces the child death rate by 23% relative to the mean. The results are robust across multiple...

This paper investigates the causal relationship between income shocks during the first years of life and adulthood mortality due to specific causes of death. Using all death records in the United States during 1968-2004 for individuals who were born in the first half of the 20th century, we document a sizable and statistically significant associati...

This paper studies the potential positive externality of unemployment insurance (UI) on infant birth outcomes. Taking advantage of variations of UI benefits across states and over time, we find that UI improves birth outcomes, including mean birth weight, full‐term birth weight, low birth weight, fetal growth, and preterm birth. If all states apply...

In this paper, we consider bidding behavior of producers in wholesale electricity market in Iran. Participating in a day ahead pay-as-bid electricity auctions for Generator Companies with purpose of profit maximization in spite of market regulation constraints is taken into account. Since bidding functions are restricted to be stepwise with maximum...

This paper uses the aftermath of the great Tambora eruption in 1815 as a natural experiment to explore the long term effects of a nutritional shock during prenatal development. The volcanic explosion of Tambora formed substantial ash columns which hampered sun light, cooled down the surface temperature, reduced the length of the growing season, and...

This paper aims to assess the effects of industrial pollution on infant mortality between the years 1850-1940 using full count decennial censuses. In this period, US economy experienced a tremendous rise in industrial activity with significant variation among different counties in absorbing manufacturing industries. Since manufacturing industries a...

Previous studies show that unemployment has a positive effect on crime rates; however, unemployment insurance (UI) benefits could mitigate these effects. Using county-level unemployment and crime data and taking advantage of the UI law changes across states and over time (1990–2016), we provide new evidence that the UI benefits act as a buffer agai...

Several states initiated school finance reform during the post-1990s, commonly named the "adequacy" era, with the primary purpose of providing adequate funding for low-income school districts. This paper uses the space-time variation in court-ordered reforms in this period as a shock to school spending and investigates its effects on juvenile arres...

This paper presents a descriptive analysis of the evolution of labor supply, income, and consumption inequality in Iran using the 2005–2015 waves of the survey of Household Expenditure and Income (HIES). We document that the sharp decline in income and consumption inequality after the Subsidy Reform in 2010 was accompanied by a slight but persisten...

In this study we take an interdependent view of governance mechanisms and test the substitution perspective of the governance bundle. We hypothesize that an exogenous increase in product market competition, as an external mechanism, leads to a decrease in the level of shareholder rights in firms’ governance provisions, which is a type of internal g...