Halliki Harro-Loit

• PhD
• Head of Department at University of Tartu

This guidebook collects best practice examples in the field of innovative, web-based media accountability from across Europe. Its aim is to provide media managers with a comprehensive, yet easy-to-use overview over the various formats which have been developed by leading media organizations across Europe. The authors of the handbook hope to inspire...

This paper explores the idea of a “responsible media environment” through the lens of media organisations’ ownership characteristics. It highlights the significance of “transparency in media ownership” and connects it to the concept of “media market accountability”. As a case example, it looks at the three Baltic countries by assessing how the norm...

In an age of information-saturated societies, deliberative communication is an essential precondition for democratic processes and, ultimately, safeguarding social cohesion. However, a few current and emerging trends are endangering the evolvement of deliberative communication. These include economic and political challenges (such as the recent ups...

Social acceleration has been a catalyst for rapid changes concerning the mediascapes of European societies. Democratic societies need deliberation, but what kinds of journalism and communication cultures are supported by different stakeholders and structural possibilities? The aim of this article is to conceptualise and analyse the risks and opport...

Media and journalism have an important role in modern societies: By collecting and presenting relevant news to their audience(s), they fulfil an information function. Thereby, they help to create a public sphere – a key requirement for deliberative communication. Quite often, journalists also act as watchdogs that help to control political and othe...

The overall objective of MEDIADELCOM is to develop a diagnostic tool (multiple scenario building model) for policy makers, educators, media critical bodies and institutions, as well as for media experts and journalists, which enables the provision of holistic assessment of risks and opportunities concerning deliberative communication and consequent...

The study provides a systematic summary of the available knowledge concerning media related competences in Estonia. The goal was to focus on four information-related research questions: (i) What information about media competences is collected? (ii) How is this information analysed? (iii) What knowledge is created and published? (iv) Where are the...

In Estonia, the key decisions concerning media accountability were made in the 1990s: First, a press council was established in 1991, then a code of ethics was adopted in 1997, and an ombudsperson institution for the public broadcasting was established in 2007. Since then, there has not been any improvement – the accountability system has not been...

CS1. Studies on national media research capability as a contextual domain of the sources of ROs The aim of the first case study is to describe and analyse the countries' monitoring capability: the ability and possibilities of various agents to observe the developments of the media and the changes in society emanating from the media transformations,...

The aim of the second case study is to provide analysis of risks and opportunities concerning the diachronic changes in four domains defined by the project in the 21st century.

Time-shifting technologies have considerable implications for the media's role as a rhythm-maker. Mobile devices enable people to fulfil, as well as take, pauses – the numerous moments or periods each day they use to look for news, chat, validate the data and post their own messages or images. The aim of the present study is to conceptualize pauses...

Among the variety of communication possibilities between home and school, face-to-face conferences. The present study focuses on a sub-genre that can be defined as a “students developmental conference”: a meeting involving the students, family representatives, and where the main goal is to support students’ development and self-analysis. We propose...

This study presents the first global perspective on journalists’ perception of temporal acceleration in their professional life. Based on the second wave of Worlds of Journalism Study data, encompassing 63 countries and 26,514 replies, the article pursues the question of how journalists perceive time pressure at the workplace. The article looks fur...

Broadcasting journalists use short, ad hoc interviews for newsworthy events. Because these interviews typically last for just a few minutes, it is a challenge for both journalist and interviewee to address the audience. This study explores journalistic questioning techniques in sixteen live broadcast interviews with athletes carried out by Estonian...

Broad press freedom was a major outcome of Estonia’s liberation from the Soviet regime. Among CEE countries, Estonia was the first to inaugurate the ideas of media accountability, self-regulation, and a Press Council. The tradition of the Estonian language press acting as an agent of 19th-century nation-building and 20th-century national survival a...

This article approaches public holidays, anniversaries and other days of importance as temporal synchronization mechanisms of society through generating pauses and interrupting the routines and schedules of the daily lives of large groups of people. The authors explain the possibilities of the empirical measurement of the synchronization of pauses...

In 2010-2012 the new assessment system was officially introduced into Estonian formal education. In order to understand how fundamental a cultural change this was for Estonian society, this study presents the discourses represented in the memoirs of the former students who got their assessment experience between the 1960s and the 1980s. The officia...

The study introduces the pedagogy of listening-based questioning training (LBJQ) for journalism students and journalists. The approach provides basic training and is somewhat different from the usual interview training as LBJQ focuses on training in basic skills: listening and reflective responding skills, as well as the ability to use different ty...

The Media Pluralism Monitor (MPM) is a research tool that was designed to identify potential risks to media pluralism in the Member States of the European Union. This narrative report has been produced within the framework of the first pan-European implementation of the MPM. The implementation was conducted in all EU Member States, Montenegro and T...

The aim of this exploratory study is to develop the concept of the actor approach and journalism culture by adding a factor that has been more or less overlooked: academic scholarship. The paper also proposes to use the concept “discursive institutionalism” in order to clarify what knowledge and opinions about media are formed in the interaction of...

This article presents key results of a comparative journalists’ survey on media accountability, for which 1762 journalists in 14 countries had been interrogated online. The article explores how European journalists perceive the impact of old versus new media accountability instruments on professional journalistic standards – established instruments...

Taking dialogue-based communication as a precondition, this study aimed to analyse Estonian parents’ attitudes towards the school communication. By using the empirical data from six focus group interviews this study proposes five communication patterns that take into consideration the degree of activity and the positive-negative attitude towards in...

This study addresses the question about which groups journalists in 12 European and two Arab countries feel that they are accountable to. In their daily work, journalists do not only face dilemmas about conflicting values, but they also have to make decisions about whose interests they should protect in the first instance. Academic scholarship has...

In the context of pluralization, globalization, and developments in pedagogy and academic history, ideas about the functions and objectives of history teaching (HT) have significantly diversified. Though traditional conceptions still prevail among the broader public, in professional circles traditional ideas about HT are accompanied by deconstructi...

In the era of networked communications, the information overload makes it increasingly difficult for news consumers to find complete, relevant and trustworthy information. At the same time, the collapse of the business model of journalism has nourished heated discussions on whether professional journalism has abilities (i.e. autonomy and resources)...

The daily news helps us to situate ourselves in time, influencing our temporality - consciousness by expanding our sense of past present and future. While news journalism has a strong connotation of immediacy (Schlesinger 1999, 124−125) and up-to-the-minute event reporting, a close analysis of journalistic discourse demonstrates that journalistic t...

This volume presents a set of approaches to the notions of time and temporality in journalism and media studies. The authors present various possibilities to deconstruct the temporal structures of the newspaper, revealing the complexities of daily news flows than are often perceived as cultural wallpaper - a background that is hardly noticeable.

A distinction should be made between institutional media accountability and journalistic accountability. Th e latter individualizes the accountability of media organizations and enables the public to see the individual journalist (with his own ideas, sense of moral values) instead of a homogeneous mass that fits into the corporate journalistic syst...

The border between journalism and marketing communication is diminishing and media such as television and magazines are especially vulnerable to the colonisation of traditional journalistic genres by promotional information. From the point of view of audience perception, grouping certain media channels or discourses into “journalistic” and others i...

This paper elaborates the concept of citizens' crisis‐coping strategies, using data from a qualitative study of people who have experienced a real crisis plus discussions of simulated warning messages. The analysis results suggest that, to emotionally cope with a crisis, citizens may need more than institutionally framed warnings. They may either s...

A key issue in crisis communication is the way people process crisis‐relevant information to minimize danger. This paper discusses the impact of previously experienced crises on the public's interpretation of warning messages. People may not have direct experience of a crisis, but they still have acquired mediated experiences of a variety of crises...

In pedagogical decision-making, especially in the case of moral dilemmas, the question of teacher autonomy is central, even if not always explicit. The ability to recognize and manage pedagogical dilemmas is a precondition for teachers coping with the complex challenges of their profession and thus constitutes an important aspect of their lifelong...

Estonia, a small country on the Baltic Sea, re-established its independence in 1991 and became a member state of the European Union (EU) in 2004. The national structure of the country comprises two relatively detached communities: ethnic Estonians (927,000) and a Russian-speaking community (approximately 400,000), which predominantly consists of se...

Journalistic discourse influences the public agenda and shapes the discourse as well as social and political lives. Journalism studies distinguish between mediated scandal, media hype, news waves and media events — approaches that help to understand why the phenomena of media gives extraordinary space, time and attention to certain events or topics...

https://jyx.jyu.fi/dspace/handle/123456789/27124

Death is an omnipresent part of daily life, and evokes both personal and public reactions. In contemporary mediated society we might have less personal experience of grief, but we get daily information about the death from the (news) media. On the one hand, the orientation on youth, health, happiness, success, strength, and growth marks death as fa...

Have users challenged the power of incumbent media through interactivity, and, if so, to what extent and to what end? The front pages and their linked features of online newspapers in Bulgaria, Estonia, Ireland and Italy are examined as instances of interactivity in practice. A methodological path to analyse interactivity practices in online newspa...

By bringing together the theoretical approach of cultural memory studies and analysis of news discourse, this study analyses the devices and strategies anniversary news text employs in the social construction of time within the framework of national temporality. On the example of three television news stories, the analysis makes visible the complex...

This article addresses the relationship between the size of media markets and content diversity online. In the Baltic countries, the Internet offers new channels with a greater diversity of information; at the same time, the increasing presence of hybrid discourses (PR-based news, promotional writing) on online media channels is creating an illusor...

This study investigates how European journalists evaluate the changes that have occurred in their profession since the Internet has been integrated in newsrooms. How do journalists perceive the features and innovations associated with the Internet? What are the principal changes in the profession? Do practitioners believe that the quality of journa...

The article discusses the role of journalism as a discipline in a small nation state and provides analysis of the economic factors that influence the journalism programs. The article discusses some of the economic aspects of journalism education at the academic university and provides a case study on the basis of the two programs provided by the Un...

Europos komunikacijos ir švietimo politikos dokumentuose nuolat kalbama apie žiniasklaidos raštingumą, kaip būtiną sąlygą, ugdant aktyvius piliečius ir sąmoningus vartotojus informacinėje visuomenėje. Esminį vaidmenį sistemingame žiniasklaidos raštingumo ugdyme atlieka formalioji bendrojo lavinimo švietimo sistema. Taigi, kyla klausimas, kokias kom...

The border between journalism and advertising in contemporary Estonian media is being increasingly blurred as a consequence of rapid commercialisation. The aim of this paper is to analyse this “blurring” in the context of a small media market where editorial resources are limited and the capital costs of media products are high. The study draws on...

has often been concentrated,in an abstract examination,of the ideal possibilities of the Internet as a new metamedium, rather than exploration of what really has happened. Emails and,forums,are commonly,seen as major elements,of interactivity. Within the COST A 20 Action exploring the Impact of Internet on Mass Media, a sub-group of researchers was...