Haiping Long

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• PhD of Linguistics
• Professor (Full) at Sun Yat-sen University

Discourse structuring markers, and, more generally, discourse markers, are known to be sensitive to their positions, often favoring the clause-initial position. On a diachronic dimension, some discourse structuring markers emerge at the clause-initial position and move to occur the clause-medial position at a later stage of their development, where...

Modern Chinese concessive connective kě shì (e.g., kàn shàngqù bù zěnmeyàng, kě shì chī qǐlái què tǐng bùcuò ‘it looks not so good, but it tastes quite good’) did not develop from a clause-initial emphatic kě shì structure that has a pragmatic counter expectation meaning (e.g., kě shì tā shuō de ‘it was really she who said it’), but from an affirma...

Cinque (2020) presents a unified theory positing that various types of relative clauses (RCs) originate from a single, double-headed universal structure via raising or matching. The Frame Noun-Modifying Clause (FRC) as described and analyzed by Matsumoto et al. (2017a, 2017b) presents a significant challenge to Cinque's framework, as it does not co...

When a ‘say’ clause was combined with a quoted-speech clause, they may follow one of the two hypothetical pathways: (a) a complementation pathway through which the ‘say’ clause took the quoted-speech clause as its complement clause and thus became its matrix clause; (b) a conjoining pathway which involved no syntactic operation but rather the loss...

The source construction and the pathway for the formation of English epistemic adverbials are widely discussed in the literature. However, few studies to our knowledge have specifically discussed a hypothetical source construction of separate clauses and a hypothetical initial-to-medial pathway. Chinese guoran was first used as a separate clause, and...

In Modern Chinese, four construction types involving nǐ shuō may be distin-guished. In this study, it is argued that the prosodically unseparated speech-quotative nǐ shuō (S1) develops from the prosodically separated speech-quotation nǐ shuō (S3) through a hypothesized complementation pathway which makes the nǐ shuō predicate the matrix clause of t...

The goal of this article is to offer an overview of Italian urbanonyms by analyzing the grammatical and lexical properties of urbanonyms from four cities (Rome, Naples, Milan, and Venice). A classification is offered via data extracted from each city’s PagineGialle ‘Yellow Pages’ street directories, from which three key results emerge. First, Itali...

本文研究《诗经》中“既、终”的功能分布及区域特征。“既”从完成体发展出并列类、因果类连词和现在状态的功能。“既、终”的并列连词功能相对集中地分布在跟商人有关的诗篇中，而“既”的现在状态功能全部分布在《大雅》和《小雅》中。“既”的并列连词功能在《商颂》中分布较为突出，而宋诗中仅见“终”的并列连词功能，且“终”不见于时间较早的《大雅》。语言学论证倾向于支持《商颂》为商诗。从体貌成分演化为连接成分有三种不同的路径，其中从完成体到并列类连词的演变典型地体现了大陆东南亚语言区域的特征。从区域特征的角度可以更加深入地理解上古汉语的内部差异和历时演变。

Building on her earlier work on construction grammar in English, Traugott presents a new analysis of what I propose to call discourse markers (DMs). As I argue in my review, the analysis falls short of explaining how DMs acquire the particular grammatical properties that distinguish them from other linguistic units, such as syntactic and prosodic d...

The objective of this paper is to offer an account of the polysemy patterns in Italian spatial prepositions. It is shown that prepositions can be partitioned into three morphological types displaying decreasing polysemy: simple prepositions (e.g. a); complex prepositions (e.g. dietro a); locutional prepositions (e.g. nei pressi di). It is then show...

The goal of this paper is to offer an analysis of polysemy and related semantic relations emerging in prepositions belonging to Aquilan, a dialect of Italian. The data are based on fieldwork research, in which different polysemy tests where used in an experimental setting. Two key results emerged from the study. First, Aquilan prepositions display...

近代汉语定语标记“的个”在宋元明清四代的诸多文献中皆有分布。定语标记“的个”源于近代汉语指示代词“底个”，其语法化过程得到临沂方言和世界其他地区语言类似现象的支持。

Previous research has established that discourse markers differ in their development from other grammatical material. Nevertheless, the main view expressed in much of that research was that this development can be described most appropriately in terms of grammaticalization, even if an extended version of grammaticalization may be required. The book...

On the rise of discourse markers Bernd Heine, Gunther Kaltenböck, Tania Kuteva, and Haiping Long Abstract Discourse markers exhibit a range of grammatical properties that set them apart from many other lexical and grammatical forms. A number of hypotheses have been proposed to account for these properties. Most commonly, such accounts have drawn o...

This article claims that the conjecturing clause-taking huaiyi predicate in Modern Chinese (e.g. Renmen huaiyi zheming taoyi de jingcha hen keneng canyu le zheqi anjian. ‘People conjecture that the escaped policeman had probably been involved in the case.’) is actually a parenthetical structure. Diachronically, it does not develop from an NP-taking...

The Modern Chinese parenthetical clause-taking mental predicate (CTMP) ni xiang (as in Ni xiang yinian huafei duoshao qian a? ‘You think (about it), how much money will it cost each year?’) is used to urge the hearer to give attention to the content of the clause with which it combines. It is argued that its formation does not follow a commonly acc...

Contrary to the claims of previous studies, the development of Modern Chinese right-periphery (RP) pragmatic marker bushi does not involve the shi X bushi X construction, and the development of Modern Chinese leftperiphery (LP) pragmatic marker bushi does not involve the negative copula use of bushi in a clause-medial position. Rather, the RP pragm...

Studies in grammaticalization have established that processes of grammatical change frequently have lexical items as their source, and more specifically nouns and verbs. But there is at least one potential exception: As argued by Holger Diessel in a number of publications, demonstratives cannot be historically derived from other entities, such as l...

This volume brings together linguistic, psychological and neurological research in a discussion of the Cognitive Dualism Hypothesis, whose central idea is that human cognitive activity in general and linguistic cognition in particular cannot reasonably be reduced to a single, monolithic system of mental processing, but that they have a dualistic or...

The goal of this paper is to account for the distribution of Mandarin spatial adpositions with measure phrases, categories that measure quantities under discussion (in this case, length, e.g. shi mi 'ten metres'). We account how this distribution determines their classification into bounded/unbounded prepositions. We show that such an account must...

The goal of this article is to offer an overview of Italian urbanonyms by analyzing the grammatical and lexical properties of urbanonyms from four cities (Rome, Naples, Milan, and Venice). A classification is offered via data extracted from each city’s PagineGialle ‘Yellow Pages’ street directories, from which three key results emerge. First, Itali...

This article outlines the properties of chorophorics (“spatial pronouns”) in the Italian dialect Aquilan. It is shown that chorophorics (e.g. pe'nfronte ‘to in front (of the ground)’) display similar morphological properties to spatial prepositions (e.g. ‘nfronte alla machina ‘in front of the car’). However, they differ in their syntactic distribut...

The formation of the clause-taking imperative ‘you see’ predicate (of literal meaning) is largely neglected in the discussions of the grammatical changes of ‘you see’ predicates, especially in the discussions of the formation of the parenthetical ‘you see’ predicates. The contextual properties of the Modern Chinese clause-taking imperative ni kan ‘...

Extensively revised and updated, this second edition provides, in an A-Z format, an analysis of the most important generalizations that have been made on the unidirectional change of grammatical forms and constructions. Based on the analysis of more than 1,000 languages, it reconstructs over 500 processes of grammatical change in the languages of t...

Cambridge Core - Grammar and Syntax - World Lexicon of Grammaticalization - by Tania Kuteva

The goal of this paper is to offer an overview of the grammatical and lexical properties of spatial categories in Aquilan, an Italian dialect. The paper shows that spatial prepositions (e.g. a ‘at/to’, ‘nfronte a ‘in front of’), pronouns and indexicals (e.g. pe‘nfronte lit. ‘to in front (of a place)’, loc’arrete ‘there behind’, respectively) share...

Francesco-Alessio Ursini & Haiping Long 2018. On spatial nouns and adpositions in Mandarin. Language and Linguistics 81, 193-226. The goal of this paper is to present and discuss data shedding light on the relation between Mandarin spatial nouns and adpositions. It is shown that spatial nouns can also participate in constructions usually including...

Modern Chinese Pseudo-Possessive-Object Constructions (shortened as Modern Chinese PPO constructions; e.g. ta shuo le wo de haohua (他说了我的好话) ‘he has put in a good word for me’ and ta chi le wo de doufu (他吃了我的豆腐) ‘he has taken advantage of me’) are actually constructions displaying possessor-affectee syncretism. They derive from Early Modern Chinese...

Modern Chinese confirmative shi (as in mei cuo, wo shi yao dusi ni (沒錯，我 是 要毒死你) ‘that’s right. I really wanted to poison you to death’) is not an auxiliary but an adverb. It derives from the adjective shi ‘true, real’ in Old Chinese (Yan zhi yan shi ye (偃之言 是 也) ‘what Yan said was true’). The grammaticalization pathway of the Modern Chinese confir...

The main concern of this paper is with two constructions that are based on the Modern Chinese phrase wo xiang 'I think'. They are prosodically-dependent wo xiang that takes a question, an imperative, an exclamation or a conjectural clause (referred to as W1) and prosodically-independent wo xiang that takes a question, an imperative, an exclamation...

Some recent lines of research suggest that there are two different domains of discourse processing where one is concerned with the form and meaning of sentences and their parts and the other with the organization of discourse beyond the sentence and the relationship between linguistic material and the extra-linguistic situation of discourse. One im...

Building on recent findings made in the framework of Construction Grammar, on the one hand, and within the framework on grammaticalization, on the other, the present paper is concerned with the development from lexical compounding to derivation. Compounding is presumably the most common source of derivational categories and this applies in particul...

While the study of language has been approached from a wide range of perspectives and theoretical assumptions, it is widely assumed that language structure can be reduced essentially to a fairly monolithic system of mental and linguistic activity. Some recent lines of psychological, linguistic, and neurolinguistic research suggest, however, that hu...

In this paper we argue that Mandarin VdeO focus clefts (e.g., Ta shi zuo huoche qu de Beijing ‘It was by train that he went to Beijing’ and Shi ta zuo huoche qu de Beijing ‘It was he who went to Beijing by train’) originate from bi-clausal copulative constructions in Early Modern Chinese with the interaction between particular word order (SVO order...