Haemyeong Jung

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• Ph.D.
• Professor at Seoul National University

The Yangsan Fault, a long-lived intracontinental fault in SE Korea, exhibits various slip behaviors, including coseismic slip and aseismic creep. However, there is insufficient knowledge of deformation microstructures to reveal the deformation mechanisms operating within the fault. In this study, we present an analysis of the mechanical behaviors d...

Background The intricate textural patterns commonly observed in metamorphosed and recrystallized zircon (ZrSiO 4 ) underscore the crucial necessity of understanding the underlying mechanisms governing their formation to ensure accurate interpretation of the chemical and isotope data they contain. This study employed a combination of microanalytical...

Intermediate-depth earthquakes are common in the double seismic structures of many subduction zones under high pressures (~1–4 GPa). Serpentine dehydration exhibits well-established links with double seismic zone earthquakes. Additionally, dehydration of several hydrous minerals including lawsonite and chlorite underlying the upper and lower layers...

The 5.5 magnitude (Mw) earthquake in Pohang, South Korea in 2017 was one of the largest triggered earthquakes at an enhanced geothermal system (EGS) site. Faults that ruptured in Pohang were not identified by preliminary geological investigations or geophysical surveys, and the subsequent study of the fault rocks at the Pohang EGS site was limited...

Unlike the eggshells of other amniotes, turtle eggshells are composed of aragonite, which is a metastable mineral. Turtle eggshells in the fossil record are therefore usually transformed to calcite. Geothermal heat also negatively affects the preservation of aragonite, and therefore the preservation of aragonite under geothermal settings is not usu...

To understand the causes of seismic low-velocity layers and seismic anisotropy of the subducting oceanic crust in warm subduction zones, the seismic properties of glaucophane, epidote, and albite in epidote blueschist were studied. The epidote blueschists were experimentally deformed in simple shear at high pressure (0.9–1.5 GPa), temperature (400–...

The lattice-preferred orientation (LPO) of minerals is important for interpreting seismic anisotropy [...]

Amphibole peridotite samples from Åheim, Norway, were analyzed to understand the deformation mechanism and microstructural evolution of olivine and amphibole through the Scandian Orogeny and subsequent exhumation process. Three Åheim amphibole peridotite samples were selected for detailed microstructural analysis. The Åheim amphibole peridotites ex...

Lawsonite is an important mineral for understanding seismic anisotropy in subducting oceanic crust due to its large elastic anisotropy and prevalence in cold subduction zones. However, there is insufficient knowledge of how lawsonite twinning affects seismic anisotropy, despite previous studies demonstrating the presence of twins in lawsonite. This...

Various rock phases, including those in subducting slabs, impact seismic anisotropy in subduction zones. The seismic velocity and anisotropy of rocks are strongly affected by the lattice-preferred orientation (LPO) of minerals; this was measured in retrograded eclogites from Xitieshan, northwest China, to understand the seismic velocity, anisotropy...

Raman spectroscopic analyses of thermally altered organic materials can be used to assess the paleothermometry of the sedimentary deposits. Although this technique has been widely applied to diverse microfossils, macroscopic vertebrate fossils have been neglected. In this paper, we show that fossil eggshells can be used for this purpose by demonstr...

Subduction zones are often characterized by the presence of strong trench-parallel seismic anisotropy and large delay times. Hydrous minerals, owing to their large elastic anisotropy and strong lattice preferred orientations (LPOs), are often invoked to explain these observations. However, the elasticity and the LPO of chloritoid, which is one of s...

Jeju Island, South Korea, is a Cenozoic intraplate volcano located in East Asia. The Jeju basalts display ocean island basalt (OIB)-like trace element patterns and enriched mantle type 2 (EM2) radiogenic isotope compositions, but the source that enriched the mantle remains unclear. Here we report new geochemical compositions of basalts and xenolith...

Muscovite is a major constituent mineral in the continental crust that exhibits very strong seismic anisotropy. Muscovite alignment in rocks can significantly affect the magnitude and symmetry of seismic anisotropy. In this study, deformation microstructures of muscovite-quartz phyllites from the Geumseongri Formation in Gunsan, Korea, were studied...

The blueschist to eclogite transition is one of the major geochemical–metamorphic processes typifying the subduction zone, which releases fluids triggering earthquakes and arc volcanism. Although glaucophane is an index hydrous mineral for the blueschist facies, its stability at mantle depths in diverse subduction regimes of contemporary and early...

Albite is one of the major constituents in the crust. We report here that albite, when subjected to hydrous cold subduction conditions, undergoes hitherto unknown breakdown into hydrated smectite, moganite, and corundum, above 2.9 GPa and 290 °C or about 90 km depth conditions, followed by subsequent breakdown of smectite into jadeite above 4.3 GPa...

Crystal preferred orientation (CPO) of high pressure metamorphic rocks is an important contributor to seismic anisotropy in the subduction interface and continental crust. However, the mechanisms of deformation and CPO development, as well as the effect of CPO patterns on the seismic anisotropies remain not fully solved. By analyzing the microstruc...

Knowledge of the formation and evolution of cratonic subcontinental lithospheric mantle is critical to our understanding of the processes responsible for continental development. Here, we report the deformation microstructures and lattice preferred orientations (LPOs) of olivine and pyroxenes alongside petrological data from spinel peridotite xenol...

To understand the lattice preferred orientation (LPO) and deformation microstructures at the top of a subducting slab in a warm subduction zone, deformation experiments of epidote blueschist were conducted in simple shear under high pressure (0.9–1.5 GPa) and temperature (400–500 °C). At low shear strain (γ ≤ 1), the [001] axes of glaucophane were...

Investigating the seismic properties of natural eclogite is crucial for identifying the composition, density, and mechanical structure of the Earth’s deep crust and mantle. For this purpose, numerous studies have addressed the seismic properties of various types of eclogite, except for a rare eclogite type that contains abundant olivine and orthopy...

Seismic anisotropy of S-wave, trench-parallel or trench-normal polarization direction of fast S-wave, has been observed in the fore-arc and back-arc regions of subduction zones. Lattice preferred orientation (LPO) of elastically anisotropic chlorite has been suggested as one of the major causes of seismic anisotropy in subduction zones. However, th...

The eclogite in the Flem Gabbro from Flemsøya Island of the Western Gneiss Region in Norway contains atypical eclogitic minerals, such as olivine and orthopyroxene, and can be texturally divided into weakly deformed massive eclogite (MEC) and strongly deformed foliated eclogite (FEC). Based on phase equilibria modeling, peak metamorphic pressure‐te...

Automated electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) data yield abundant information on the lattice-preferred orientations (LPOs) and deformation microstructures and mechanisms of minerals in a rock, which aid in our understanding of the tectonic conditions and history of a region. Additionally, this information allows us to interpret seismic anisot...

The microstructure of amphibole peridotites from Åheim, Norway were analyzed to understand the evolution of the lattice-preferred orientation (LPO) of olivine throughout the Scandian Orogeny and its implication for the seismic anisotropy of the subduction zone. The Åheim peridotites had a porphyroclastic texture and some samples contained an abunda...

To understand the relationships between eclogite‐facies mineral assemblages, deformation microstructures, and the seismic properties of subducting oceanic crust, eclogites from the Yuka terrane, North Qaidam ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphic belt, NW China, were studied. Observations of mineral textures, deformation microstructures, and petrofabrics i...

Plain Language Summary Amphibolite is one of the major constituent rocks of the middle to lower crust and amphibole is a major constituent mineral of amphibolite. The crystal preferred orientation (CPO) of amphibole has a large effect on seismic anisotropy in the crust. In many previous studies on natural amphibolites, four amphibole CPO types (typ...

Understanding lattice-preferred orientations (LPOs) of olivine is important in the study of seismic anisotropy and mantle flow of the upper mantle in the earth. Although olivine is the major mineral of the upper mantle, both amphibole and chlorite in a deformed peridotite may develop LPO and thus affect the seismic anisotropy in water-rich environm...

There are errors in the article entitled “Crystal preferred orientations of olivine, orthopyroxene, serpentine, chlorite, and amphibole, and implications for seismic anisotropy in subduction zones: a review” by Haemyeong Jung, which appeared on pages 985–1011 of the December issue in 2017. The author has provided a corrected article which is attach...

By keenly probing mantle rheology, interactions of deformations and phase transitions, and microscopic features, he made major contributions to petrology, mineralogy, and earthquake science.

Strong seismic anisotropy is observed in many subduction zones. This effect is attributed partly to subducting oceanic crust that is transformed into blueschist facies rocks. Because blueschist facies constituents such as glaucophane, epidote, and phengite show strong anisotropic elasticity, seismic anisotropy in subducting oceanic crust can be att...

Spinel-peridotite xenoliths, hosted in alkali basalts (∼15 Ma), were collected from Adam's Diggings in the western margin of the Rio Grande Rift (RGR), New Mexico, USA.We selected five representative spinel-peridotite xenoliths, showing abundant fluid inclusions (FIs). Petrographic observations allowed the distinction of two generations of fluid-in...

This study provides a comprehensive review of the crystal preferred orientation (CPO) of olivine and orthopyroxene in the upper mantle, and of several hydrous minerals in the mantle wedge and at the slab-mantle interface. It discusses the seismic anisotropy of those minerals. Water-induced CPOs of olivine produced by previous experimental studies u...

Fabric transition by a switch in the dominant slip system of minerals in the plastic regime can be induced by changes in temperature, strain rate, or water content. We propose here this fabric transition by frictional heating in seismogenic fault zones in the brittle regime. The Garam Thrust in the Taebaeksan Basin of South Korea has a hanging wall...

Though extensively studied, the roles of olivine crystal preferred orientations (CPOs or fabrics) in affecting the seismic anisotropies in the Earth's upper mantle are rather complicated and still not fully known. In this study, we attempted to address this issue by analyzing the seismic anisotropies [e.g., P-wave anisotropy (AVp), S-wave polarizat...

The Precambrian Salma eclogites on the Kola Peninsula, Russia, represent some of the oldest eclogites in the world; however, there has been much debate regarding whether the timing of their eclogite facies metamorphism is Archean (2.72–2.70 Ga) or Paleoproterozoic (1.92–1.88 Ga). New microstructural observations, pressure-temperature (P-T) analyses...

Large-scale emplaced peridotite bodies may provide insights into plastic deformation process and tectonic evolution in the mantle shear zone. Due to the complexity of deformation microstructures and processes in natural mantle rocks, the evolution of pre-existing olivine fabrics is still not well understood. In this study, we examine well-preserved...

To advance our understanding of deformation characteristics, rheological behaviors and tectonic evolution of the forearc lithospheric mantle, we analyzed mineral fabrics for a large spinel-bearing ultramafic massif in the Songshugou area in the Qinling orogenic belt, central China. In the spinel-poor coarse-grained dunite, stronger A-/D-type and we...

It is widely assumed that mineral inclusions and their host diamonds are 'syngenetic' in origin, which means that they formed simultaneously and from the same chemical processes. Mineral inclusions that, instead, were formed earlier with respect to diamonds are termed protogenetic. However, minerals can have the same age as the diamonds in that the...

Mantle-derived spinel peridotite xenoliths, enclosed in alkali basalt and dating between 18.9 Ma and <1.2 Ma occur in southwestern Japan (On-yama and Arato-yama), South Korea (Baegryeong Island, Asan and Pyeongtaeg, Boeun, Jeju Island, and Goseong), and eastern China (Qixia and Nushan). Sample locations were specifically selected to evaluate spatia...

A supposed ‘archaeocyath’ specimen from the Hyangsanni Formation of the Okcheon Basin (Okcheon Metamorphic Belt), Korea, reported about 50 years ago, has previously been used to constrain the depositional age of the metasedimentary succession in the basin. However, a re-examination of the specimen reveals that it lacks the typical morphology of arc...

Zircon oxygen-hafnium and biotite magnesium isotopic compositions of Late Cretaceous to Oligocene (88-27 Ma) granitoids from the Gyeongsang continental arc, southeastern Korea, collectively provide a new insight into shallow magma petrogenesis. Zircon crystals extracted from eight calc-alkaline or alkaline plutons commonly contain xenocrystic cores...

The Songshugou ultramafic massif is located in the eastern segment of the Qinling orogenic belt, central China. It is a large spinel peridotite body dominated by coarse-grained, porphyroclastic, and fine-grained dunite with minor harzburgite, olivine clinopyroxenite, and banded/podiform chromitite. The compositions of the bulk-rock dunite and harzb...

Investigating the seismic properties of natural lawsonite (Lws)-bearing blueschist and eclogite is particularly important for constraining the seismic interpretation of subducting oceanic crust based on seismological observations. To achieve this end, we analyzed in detail the mineral fabrics and seismic properties of foliated Lws-blueschist and Lw...

The fore-arc mantle above a subducting slab is a unique site where complex partial melting, melt/fluid–rock interaction, and deformation of mantle rocks occur. To constrain these geological and geodynamic processes we analyzed the deformation microstructures, crystal preferred orientations (CPOs or fabrics), and water content in natural harzburgite...

Seismic anisotropy has been widely observed in crust and mantle materials and plays a key role in the understanding of structure and flow patterns. Although seismic anisotropy can be explained by the crystal preferred orientation (CPO) of highly anisotropic minerals in the crust, that is, amphibole, experimental studies on the CPO of amphibole are...

Glass beads that remain after measuring major element compositions using XRF can also be used to measure trace element compositions using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The JA-1 and JB-3 reference glass beads were used to evaluate the homogeneity of trace elements contained within them as well as the data q...

Deformation microstructures, including lattice-preferred orientations (LPOs) of olivine, enstatite, and diopside, in mantle xenoliths at Shanwang, eastern China, were studied to understand the deformation mechanism and seismic anisotropy of the upper mantle. The Shanwang is located across the Tan-Lu fault zone, which was formed due to the collision...

Mantle-derived xenoliths associated with continental rifting can provide important information about the mantle structure and the physicochemical properties of deformation processes in the upper mantle. Metasomatized spinel peridotites from Adam's Diggings (AD) at a rift shoulder and Elephant Butte (EB) at the rift axis in the Rio Grande rift (RGR)...

The Lindås Nappe, Bergen Arc, is located in western Norway and displays two high-grade metamorphic structures. A Precambrian granulite facies foliation is transected by Caledonian fluid-induced eclogite-facies shear zones and pseudotachylytes. To understand how a superimposed tectonic event may influence olivine fabric and change seismic anisotropy...

Seismic anisotropy in the upper mantle provides important constraints on mantle dynamics, continental evolution and global tectonics and is believed to be produced by the flow-induced lattice-preferred orientation (LPO) of olivine. Recent experimental studies at high pressure and temperature have suggested that the LPO of olivine is affected by pre...

Chlorite peridotites from Almklovdalen in southwest Norway were studied to understand the deformation processes and seismic anisotropy in the upper mantle. The lattice preferred orientation (LPO) of olivine and chlorite was determined using electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD)/scanning electron microscopy. A sample with abundant garnet showed...

We conducted a detailed study on the microstructures and petro-fabrics of massive and foliated lawsonite blueschist (LBS) in North Qilian suture zone, NW China. The lattice preferred orientation (LPO) of glaucophane and lawsonite in foliated lawsonite blueschist (LBS) is considered to be dominantly formed by the deformation mechanism of dislocation...

Titanium- and water-rich metamorphic olivine (Fo 86-88) is reported from partially dehydrated serpentinites from the Voltri complex, Ligurian Alps. The rocks are composed of mostly antigorite and olivine in addition to magnetite, chlorite, clinopyroxene and Ti-clinohumite. In situ secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) data show that metamorphic ol...

[1] The potential seismological contributions of metamorphosed and deformed oceanic crust in a subduction zone environment were studied in a detailed petro-fabric analysis of blueschist and eclogite in the North Qilian suture zone, NW China. The calculated whole-rock seismic properties based on the measured lattice preferred orientations of the con...

Water is known to change the lattice-preferred orientation (LPO) of olivine, which significantly affects seismic anisotropy in the Earth's upper mantle. Research into the LPO of olivine in the deep interior of the Earth has been limited due to inadequate specimens. We report both the water-induced LPOs of olivine and the presence of large quantitie...

Large amounts of water are stored in the hydrated abyssal peridotites of oceanic lithospheric slabs. During their subduction much of this water will be released at depths of 120-240 km due to dehydration of serpentinite. This dehydration is accompanied by the crystallisation of secondary olivine. It is typically very poor in water and fluid-mobile...

Olivine is a dominant mineral in the upper mantle and is elastically very anisotropic. When olivine is deformed under stress at high pressure and high temperature, lattice preferred orientation (LPO) is formed. It is known that the LPO of olivine is affected by water, stress, and pressure. In this paper, I reviewed the papers dealing with the effec...

Crystal-plastic olivine deformation to produce subgrain boundaries composed of edge dislocations is an inevitable consequence of asthenospheric mantle flow. Although crystal-plastic deformation and serpentinization are spatio-temporally decoupled, we identified compositional readjustments expressed on the micrometric level as a striped Fe-enriched...

Olivine is a major mineral in the upper mantle and plays an important role in deformation processes and seismic anisotropy. It has been known that water and stress influence lattice preferred orientation (LPO) of olivine and seismic anisotropy in the upper mantle. In addition, recent experimental study at high pressure & high temperature showed tha...

Two peridotite outcrops in Lindas Nappe anorthosite complex, Bergen Arc, western Norway were studied to understand deformation microstructures of olivine. A mylonite zone was found in the peridotites and deformation fabrics of recrystallized olivine in the area were also studied. Lattice preferred orientation (LPO) of olivine was determined using e...

The huge dunite-dominted peridotite body (Alpine-type) outcropped in Songshugou, Qinling orogenic belt, Central China, exhibits a variety of microstructures including coarse-grained and fine-grained olivine, spinel layers and abundant aqueous inclusions in olivine and spinel. The peridotite body probably represents a fossil fore-arc mantle wedge de...

Lattice-preferred orientation (LPO) and seismic anisotropy of natural serpentine from Val Malenco in northern Italy and Punta Bettolina in western Italy are studied. LPO of serpentine was determined using the SEM/EBSD and HKL Channel 5 software. It is found that the [001] axes are aligned subnormal to the foliation but the [010] axes of the serpent...

Eclogites from the North Qilian suture zone are high-pressure low-temperature metamorphic rocks of ocean crust protolith, and occur in both massive and foliated varieties as individual blocks of tens to hundreds of metres in size. The massive type is weakly deformed and shows granoblastic texture characterized by a coarse-grained peak mineral assem...

Trench-parallel seismic anisotropy has been observed in many subduction zones in the upper mantle. In this study, the crystal-preferred orientation (CPO) and seismic anisotropy of natural serpentine from Val Malenco in northern Italy and Punta Bettolina in western Italy are studied. It is found that the [001] axes are aligned subnormal to the folia...

Lattice preferred orientation (LPO) and seismic anisotropy of orthopyroxene (enstatite) in mantle xenoliths from Spitsbergen, Svalbard, near the Arctic, are studied. LPOs of enstatite were determined using electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). We found four types of LPOs of orthopyroxene and defined them as type-AC, -AB, -BC, and -ABC. Type-AC...

The timing of sub-continental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) differentiation beneath Spitsbergen, western Svalbard, has been determined with spinel peridotite xenoliths using two complementary isotopic systems: Lu–Hf and Re–Os. The whole-rock Re–Os systematics (Re–Os errorchron, aluminochron, and Re-depletion age) define Paleoproterozoic/Neoarchean age...

Spinel peridotite xenoliths from Rio Grande rift, New Mexico, were studied to understand the deformation processes related to the fractional melting in the upper mantle. Lattice preferred orientation (LPO) of olivine was determined using electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) with the Channel 5 software. Water content of olivine was measured usi...

The Bergen Arc, western Norway is composed of several units distributed in an arc shape. Lindas Nappe is one of these units. Two peridotite outcrops in Lindas Nappe anorthosite complex were studied to understand deformation conditions of olivine. A mylonite zone was found in the peridoties and deformation fabrics of small olivine in the area were a...

Seismic anisotropy in the upper mantle is often considered to be caused by lattice-preferred orientation (LPO) of olivine. Experimental studies on the deformation of olivine at high pressure and high temperature showed that water, stress, and temperature affect the development of LPO of olivine (Jung & Karato, 2001; Katayama et al., 2004; Jung et a...

Transform faults are the locus of earthquakes that extend down to 29 km below the seafloor (Choy and McGarr 2002). These faults are also associated with a mass deficiency (Gregg et al. 2007) possibly caused by extensive serpentinization. The mantle and crustal sections of the Leka ophiolite is characterized by deformation at all scales including fa...

Using a new four-channel system for detecting acoustic emissions in a multianvil apparatus, we have assessed the pressure–temperature range for such emissions, as well as the role of dehydration, by deforming samples of extensively serpentinized peridotite. We show that in the absence of dehydration and for samples initially faulted at low pressure...

Seismic anisotropy in the oceanic lithosphere results from flow-induced crystallographic preferred orientation of dry olivine during lithosphere creation. Recent experiments, however, showed that high water activity changes the flow mechanisms of olivine and hence the crystallographic preferred orientation, better explaining the seismic anisotropy...

We present numerical simulations of thermosolutal convection for directional solidification of Al–3.5 wt% Ni and Al–7 wt% Si. Numerical results predict that fragmentation of dendrite arms resulting from dissolution could be favored in Al–7 wt% Si, but not in Al–3.5 wt% Ni. Corresponding experiments are in qualitative agreement with the numerical pr...

An exhumed huge body of ultramafic rocks is preserved in Val Malenco, Italy. In this study, petrofabrics and deformation microstructures of olivine in the Val Malenco peridotite were examined, and new observations of lattice preferred orientation (LPO) of olivine such as type-B and type-E LPO in the peridotite are reported. Three types, depending o...

Seismic anisotropy is caused mainly by the lattice-preferred orientation of anisotropic minerals. Major breakthroughs have occurred in the study of lattice-preferred orientation in olivine during the past ∼10 years through large-strain, shear deformation experiments at high pressures. The role of water as well as stress, temperature, pressure, and...

Alloy solidification was investigated in situ and real time by using a unique experimental setup developed at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) combining both synchrotron X-ray radiography and topography. Although synchrotron X-ray radiography enables the investigation of the solid-liquid interface of metallic alloys, white-beam sy...

Solidification experiments using metallic alloys under well-defined experimental boundary conditions are of fundamental interest for the understanding of the physics involved in microstructure and defect formation. We have investigated the columnar-equiaxed transition during solidification of AlSi7 alloys under low-gravity conditions onboard the so...

The influence of water and stress on the lattice-preferred orientation (LPO) of olivine aggregates was investigated through large strain, shear deformation experiments at high pressures and temperatures (P = 0.5–2.1 GPa, T = 1470–1570 K) under both water-poor and water-rich conditions. The specimens are hot-pressed synthetic olivine aggregates or s...

One of the major goals in the experimental study of deep earthquakes is to identify slip instabilities at high pressure and high temperature HPHT that might be responsible for the occurrence of earthquakes. Detecting acoustic emissions from a specimen during faulting provides unique constraints on the instability process. There are few experimental...

The understanding and control of the transition from columnar to equiaxed structure (CET) are key points to obtain desired final properties of industrial products. The main objective of this investigation is to clarify the CET phenomenon and the parameters involved to better monitor CET. Two different aluminium based alloys are chosen in order to s...

It is currently thought that earthquakes cannot be triggered at depths greater than ~60 km by unassisted brittle failure or frictional sliding, but could be triggered by dehydration embrittlement of hydrous minerals (Raleigh and Paterson, 1965; Green and Houston, 1995; Kirby, 1995; Jung et al., 2004). Using a new multianvil-based system for detecti...

Feldspar grain-size reduction occurred due to the fracturing of plagioclase and K-feldspar, myrmekite formation and neocrystallization of albitic plagioclase along shear fractures of K-feldspar porphyroclasts in the leucocratic granitic rocks from the Yecheon shear zone of South Korea that was deformed under a middle greenschist-facies condition. T...

Geological fluids affect deformation of rocks both physically and chemically. The presence of fluids can lead to faulting (earthquakes) or enhance flow, depending on the level of stress. At higher stresses, fluids with a density less than their host generate Mode I microcracks, whereas fluids with a density greater than their host generate Mode I m...

A new type of olivine fabric was found by high-strain simple-shear deformation experiments in the presence of trace amounts of water at ˜0.5 2.2 GPa and ˜1470 1570 K. In this fabric, called E-type fabric, the olivine [100] axis is subparallel to the shear direction, and the (001) plane is parallel to the shear plane; this geometry suggests that the...