
Hämäläinen EsaUniversity of Turku | UTU
Hämäläinen Esa
Professor
About
52
Publications
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342
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Introduction
AI-start up developer, Maritime transportation, big data, sustainability, emissions of international supply chain, process industry cost management.
Publications
Publications (52)
This study compares carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in multimodal transport chains. Given the recent pressure towards responsible logistics, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has given several resolutions aiming to decrease all emission types in sea transports. The study analyzes different combinations of alternative delivery chains of p...
Low emission logistics have become an expected and desired goal in all fields of transportation, particularly in the European Union. Heavy-duty trucks (HDTs) are significant producers of emissions and pollution in inland transports. Their role is significant, as in multimodal transport chains truck transportation is, in most cases, the only viable...
Maritime transportation covers approximately 90% of the global traffic volumes. The global fleet consists of approximately 100,000 diesel ships, around 250 LNG ships, and a smaller number of methanol or even electric ferries. When it comes to maritime transportation, the Arctic sea route is becoming more and more interesting for the shipping indust...
Disruptive innovations are usually identified as ideas that are created ‘outside the box’. They are expected to fundamentally change existing business models and processes founded on technological applications. Disruptive innovations can be challenging to define. Information technology (IT) solutions focus on collecting, processing, and reporting d...
Data management and intelligent systems provide new possibilities and trajectories for environmentally robust industrial production. Global climate change has evoked a number of fresh studies on data management, openness and environmental innovation. This literature review approaches current academic research focusing on big data, industry, and emi...
Fuel costs are approximately from 40% to 60% of vessel’s operating costs. Since 2015 ships operating in SECA-regions were required to change their fuel quality from heavy fuel oil (HFO) to low sulphur marine diesel oil (MDO). This paper examines and simulates with alternative bunker prices and various vessel speeds how different combinations have a...
This is the second part of our research. Two publication databases were queried: Science Direct (SD) and Web of Science (WoS). The search query in these channels was performed using keywords "SECA, economic impacts" to investigate how SECA implications were studied for clean business development. Two main topic groups were discovered. The first gro...
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has stated that climate change is a major ongoing process requiring strict restrictive actions on a global level. This paper focuses on literature covering the impacts of the Sulphur Emission Control Area (SECA) based on academic papers published in 2017-2018. In numerous studies conducted before...
Maritime transport volumes are verifiably linked to the conditions of the world economy. Their foundations are based on the demand and supply of goods that are determining the most suitable forms of transport in relation to global market prices. The study is founded on the literature of international trade economics, transport geography, network st...
This paper reveals with empirical case data how the maritime-based short sea shipping costs aggregate in export industry. The authors had the possibility to utilize invoice data of the delivered orders. The data contains the information of logistics costs from the mill located in a Nordic country to two customers located in two different countries...
Air emissions of shipping have decreased in SECA regions after 2015. Environmental impacts of regulation policies are identifiable and measurable, as a study from the port of Gothenburg recently exposed. In addition to emissions, it is important to understand how regulations and decisions, focusing on environmental sustainability, impact on the mar...
This paper analyses cost aggregation in a supply chain. It provides a literature overview on the key concepts of cost aggregation, multimodal transport, logistic chain and maritime transport. The focuses on the value adding process with logistics data and assesses the costs accumulation during the transport process. The paper also reveals multimoda...
Big Data may introduce new opportunities, and for this reason it has become a mantra among most industries. This paper focuses on examining how to develop cost and sustainable reporting by utilizing Big Data that covers economic values, production volumes, and emission information. We assume strongly that this use supports cleaner production, while...
European transport market has changed in the last twenty years. With the establishment of production facilities (automobile industry) in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, cargo flows from Adriatic ports are growing. The strategic goal of Adriatic ports is to become one of the most important gateway regions in Europe and to develop from a...
There are approximately 100 000 diesel ships, around 250 LNG ships and a smaller number of methanol or even electric ferries taking care of global transportation. This paper assesses environmental business opportunities and stakeholder opinions of black carbon (BC) measurement: The measuring solutions cover various hardware, software and satellite...
This paper focuses on examining how to develop and combine cost management, sustainability and emission reporting systems by utilizing Big Data. We provide evidence that shows how Big Data brings company-wide business benefits if data queries and interfaces are built to be interactive, intuitive and user friendly. Proper algorithm design and progra...
The paper industry is heavily using energy during all the phases of the manufacturing process. This is especially the case in Nordic mills where pressure ground wood is the source of fiber. The purpose of this case study is to show how energy consumption behaves on a monthly basis in a Finnish paper mill that has several paper machine lines. The re...
Emerging markets experienced strong growth since the years 2002-2003, and this was especially the case for import markets in Russia. Many border-sharing countries, as well as nearby sea ports, terminal areas and logistics service companies, benefited from it and revenue growth was the norm for years. This was also the case in Finland, more specific...
Ship emissions are anticipated to increase with the expected rise in commercial shipping, particularly in the Arctic, if preventive actions are not implemented. Shipping represents 9% of the global SOx emissions and 18-30% of the global NOx emissions. Share of shipping in the global black carbon (BC) emissions is less than 2%, however, in the north...
Abstract
Reliable forecasting of elements that have an impact on business processes generally is important and certainly supports success in both industries and society. The aim of this paper is to estimate and present impacts that low oil price has on maritime fuel costs, as well as how this influences the economy of an export industry. Historical...
Maritime transport is sometimes considered to be the most ecological mode of transport when it comes to CO2 emissions. With new environmental legislation, such as the so-called Sulphur Directive, it is possible to render maritime transport even more environmentally friendly. Yet, the change towards a more ecological mode of transport seems to be mo...
Reliable forecasting of elements that have an impact on business processes generally supports success in industries. The aim of this paper is to estimate impacts that oil price has on maritime fuel costs and how this influences the economy of an export industry. Historically, forecasting the relevant supply chain factors has been a challenge for fr...
EU Directive of MARPOL Annex VI and its economic impact on the Nordic paper industry is theme of this research work. Empirical data for analysis purposes was gained from a large Nordic paper mill that exports bulk products mainly to Europe (70 % of its volume). The study shows that in the end the industry’s location still has an economical effect,...
Abstract
Purpose: The main reason for this research is the new environmental EU Directive of MARPOL Annex
VI and its economic impact on the Nordic paper industry. Previously, this topic has not been examined at
this level from the point of view of a single mill. The purpose of this paper is to anticipate, how the
Sulphur Emission Control Area (SECA...
Introduction The International Maritime Organization and the European Parliament (EP) have stated that ships must lower sulphur emissions significantly in a specific region in Northern Europe, that is, in the Sulphur Emission Control Area (SECA), where sulphur content in bunkers is not allowed to exceed 0.1 percent. The Nordic companies have been e...
For the Nordic paper industry the years 2001-2007 were a culmination point as to paper production and
deliveries. The study uses plant level empirical time series data from these years from one large integrated
Finnish paper mill. The research data covers complete customer data and cost components, and a major
supplier for European paper markets. T...
Purpose
– European paper industry has been struggling with margins and profitability for more than decade time period. At typical in markets of west, paper product demand is at long-term decline, mostly driven by continuously increasing internet use. However, in emerging markets demand still exists, and in Europe numerous small markets in east have...
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) (2013, 2014) and the European Parliament (EP) (2005, 2012) have addressed the matter that harmful air emissions should be decreased in shipping transportation. The purpose of this empirical case study is to examine and anticipate in detail if slow steaming in freight shipping can bring any economically...
The accuracy of anticipating is an important matter in a paper mill's supply chain process. This study focuses on exploring with correlation analysis the differences between anticipatory and actual paper demand, price and cost variables regarding a Nordic paper mill. The empirical mill data includes anticipated and actual economic variables from th...
The article compares the accuracy of forecasted and actual supply chain cost and price factors in a Nordic paper mill's sales to customers in two large European countries. Empirical longitudinal research data covering the years between 2002 and 2008 were obtained from a large integrated Finnish paper mill, and consisted of sales volumes, paper pric...
The main purpose of this paper is to reveal the Finnish paper industry from the economic geographic perspectives. There have been many mill and machine line closures especially in Finland after 2001. Therefore, it is interesting to research the development of manufacturing and transportation costs and paper prices during 2001-2008 in a large case m...
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to reveal how the prices, costs, and logistics develop in the case mill and how these variables correlate with profits, and finally to give suggestions for improvements.
Design/methodology/approach
A typical Finnish paper mill is selected for the basis of the case study. The complete data for the mill for the y...
This paper examines the impacts of transportation costs to the supply chain management of the Nordic paper industry from a transport geographic view point. The discussion is illustrated by complete cost management accounting data from one paper mill. The main research questions are: What are the transportation costs and how have they developed duri...
The need of more accurate computer programs for budgeting and investment appraisals for the paper industry is discussed. It is suggested that the program must have the capacity to address the constant fluctuations in a mills costs, sales and capacity utilization that are outside the influence of the decision makers in paper companies. The program r...
The idea of feedback presents for many the embodiment of Cybernetics, though it only represents one important aspect of this science, which can be traced back more than half a century to ROSENBLEUTH et al. [21], when it was shown how this concept could be used to posit purpose for machines. In the years since all these theoretical concepts have bee...
Die basic use of any economic, software-based plant control system which was especially designed for paper mills, is to be found in the scope, the precision and the crossreference of the information at hand which is used by the plant management on different levels of the hierarchy in everday work flow. This means in practice that the different prod...
This article describes the development of an accurate costing model for the paper industry where batch costs - and their omission - are the main reason for the inaccuracy of traditional product costings. Grade change is the most difficult batch cost to prognosticate accurately. The development of more accurate costing models started in the assembly...