Hadassah Gavriella Drukarch

Leiden University | LEI · eLaw Centre for Law and Digital Technologies

Recent advancements in teleophthalmology have transformed retinal disease management, benefiting healthcare providers and patients. By enabling remote monitoring, teleophthalmology significantly reduces the need for in-person consultations. Easy-to-use devices like at-home Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) systems empower patients to generate high...

Science has started highlighting the importance of integrating diversity considerations in medicine and healthcare. However, there is little research into how these considerations apply, affect, and should be integrated into concrete healthcare innovations such as rehabilitation robotics. Robot policy ecosystems are also oblivious to the vast lands...

The relationship between robots and policy development is complex. Technology and regulation evolve, but not always simultaneously or in the same direction. At the same time, robot developers struggle to find suitable safeguards in existing norms applicable to them. This often results in disconnections between both worlds. New robots and applicatio...

Despite the growing body of literature highlighting the legal and ethical questions robots raise, robot developers struggle to incorporate other aspects than mere physical safety into robot design to make them comprehensively safe. The chemical, food, and pharmaceutical industries established years ago use evidence-based frameworks that ensure the...

Innovation in healthcare promises unparalleled potential in optimizing the production, distribution, and use of the health workforce and infrastructure, allocating system resources more efficiently, and streamline care pathways and supply chains. A recent innovation contributing to this is robot-assisted surgeries (RAS). RAS causes less damage to t...

There is an increasing gap between the policy cycle's speed and that of technological and social change. This gap is becoming broader and more prominent in robotics, i.e., movable machines that perform tasks either automatically or with a degree of autonomy, since current legislation was unprepared for machine learning and autonomous agents and, as...

Robotics and AI are dynamically and rapidly evolving, introducing the problem of regulatory disconnection, where either "the covering descriptions employed by the regulation no longer correspond to the technology" or "the technology and its applications raise doubts as to the value compact that underlies the regulatory scheme." Lack of information...

Although healthcare is a remarkably sensitive domain of application, and systems that exert direct control over the world can cause harm in a way that humans cannot necessarily correct or oversee, it is still unclear whether and how healthcare robots are currently regulated or should be regulated. Existing regulations are primarily unprepared to pr...

This research focuses on how the complex interplay between increasingly autonomous surgical robots, medical practitioners and support staff will soon complicate the understanding of how to allocate responsibility if something goes wrong. For the automotive industry, the Society of Automotive Engineers established different automation levels to cl...