H. David Cooper

Secretariat, Convention on Biological Diversity

p>In this article, the abstract has been revised such that “30% of the total CO₂ increase in the atmosphere since the Industrial Revolution” now reads “30% of the total CO₂ increase in the atmosphere, or 14% of total emissions, since the Industrial Revolution.” In addition, the second paragraph in the “Priority areas for resto...

Extensive ecosystem restoration is increasingly seen as being central to conserving biodiversity¹ and stabilizing the climate of the Earth². Although ambitious national and global targets have been set, global priority areas that account for spatial variation in benefits and costs have yet to be identified. Here we develop and apply a multicriteria...

Global Biodiversity Outlook 5 provides an assessment of progress to the Aichi Biodiversity Targets and related Sustainable Development Goals and explores pathways towards the 2050 Vision of living in harmony with nature including areas of transition to support the development of the post 2020 global biodiversity framework under the Convention on Bi...

This Guidance aims to support countries in the necessary transition toward healthier, more sustainable diets by integrating biodiversity in food-based interventions to support nutrition and health. It is intended to help guide decision-makers in the health, nutrition and other sectors to consider the important role of biodiversity in food systems f...

The group of like-minded megadiverse countries (LMMCs), which harbours a wealth of biological and cultural diversity, adopted a Carta in 2016 to accelerate progress towards achieving Aichi Biodiversity Target 11. This paper presents the progress made over the last two years and an analysis of the LMMCs' national priority actions; approved Global En...

The group of like-minded megadiverse countries (LMMCs), which harbours a wealth of biological and cultural diversity, adopted a Carta in 2016 to accelerate progress towards achieving Aichi Biodiversity Target 11. This paper presents the progress made over the last two years and an analysis of the LMMCs' national priority actions; approved Global En...

The maintenance of functional integrity and health of ecosystems within protected areas is dependent not only on the protection provided but also on the ecological, economic and social interactions with surrounding areas. Efforts to create pathways for achieving socio-economic development that safeguard ecosystems and biodiversity are essential for...

This paper reviews the current status of Aichi Biodiversity Target 11 at the global level. Although there remain gaps in the coverage of ecological regions and areas important for biodiversity and ecosystem services, 10 per cent coverage of coastal and marine areas under national jurisdiction has already been surpassed. The full implementation of a...

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development highlights critical links between development, the environment, human well-being and the full enjoyment of a wide range of human rights, including the rights to life, health, food, water and sanitation. This report summarizes for Governments, policy makers and stakeholders the evidence of the linkages bet...

Ecosystem restoration on a landscape scale strengthens biodiversity conservation in protected areas. Ecosystem restoration on a landscape scale, alongside the sustainable management of other land-use types including agriculture, pasturelands, forestry, and the expansion and consolidation of protected areas, is increasingly recognized as a necessary...

In 2010, the international community, under the auspices of the Convention on Biological Diversity, agreed on 20 biodiversity-related “Aichi Targets” to be achieved within a decade. We provide a comprehensive mid-term assessment of progress toward these global targets using 55 indicator data sets. We projected indicator trends to 2020 using an adap...

A better understanding of the links between biodiversity, health and disease presents major opportunities for policy development, and can enhance our understanding of how health-focused measures affect biodiversity, and conservation measures affect health. The breadth and complexity of these relationships, and the socio-economic drivers by which th...

Current trajectories of global change may lead to regime shifts at regional scales, driving coupled human–environment systems to highly degraded states in terms of biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human well-being. For business-as-usual socioeconomic development pathways, regime shifts are projected to occur within the next several decades, to...

The linkages between human health, biodiversity, ecosystems, and the life-supporting services that they provide are varied and complex. The traditional neglect of this nexus by policy-makers perpetuates threats posed to ecosystems with potentially critical impacts on global health. The Convention on Biological Diversity and the World Health Organiz...

The Convention on Biological Diversity is the key international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and for the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the use of genetic resources. 192 countries, and the European Union (EU), are Party to the Convention. In 2010, a new Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 20...

The World Health Organization (WHO) has published a discussion paper on the linkages between health and biodiversity, climate change and desertification, the representation of health in the three Rio Conventions, and the opportunities for more integrated and effective policy. Produced in collaboration with the Secretariats of the Convention on Biol...

24 DIVERSITAS, the international programme on biodiversity science, is releasing a strategic vision presenting scientific challenges for the next decade of research on biodiversity and ecosystem services: ''Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Science for a Sustainable Planet''. This new vision is a response of the biodiversity and ecosystem service...

Highlights ► Human well-being depends on multiple ecosystem services, many of them being underpinned by biodiversity. ► Biodiversity continues to be lost at an unprecedented rate. ► Decision-makers and policy-makers require sound scientific foundation to secure the planet's biodiversity and ecosystem services, while contributing to human well-being...

Health is our most basic human right and one of the most important indicators of sustainable development. We rely on healthy ecosystems to support healthy communities and societies. Wellfunctioning ecosystems provide goods and services essential for human health. These include nutrition and food security, clean air and fresh water, medicines, cultu...

Quantitative scenarios are coming of age as a tool for evaluating the impact of future socioeconomic development pathways on biodiversity and ecosystem services. We analyze global terrestrial, freshwater, and marine biodiversity scenarios using a range of measures including extinctions, changes in species abundance, habitat loss, and distribution s...

Quantitative scenarios are coming of age as a tool for evaluating the impact of future socioeconomic development pathways on biodiversity and ecosystem services. We analyze global terrestrial, freshwater, and marine biodiversity scenarios using a range of measures including extinctions, changes in species abundance, habitat loss, and distribution s...

Seed aid is increasingly applied as an emergency response throughout Africa. This article describes its rise, its goals and the seed security principles which should shape it. Drawing on evidence of the effects of disaster, the article reviews the appropriateness of current seed aid responses and suggests ways to link the type of seed security prob...

Barneix, A. J., Cooper, H. D., Stulen, I. and Lambers, H. 1988. Metabolism and translocation of nitrogen in two Lolium perenne populations with contrasting rates of mature leaf respiration and yield. - Physiol. Plant. 72: 631–636. Several aspects of nitrogen metabolism and transport were investigated to determine whether these processes could accou...

Governments have set the ambitious target of reducing biodiversity loss by the year 2010. The scientific community now faces the challenge of assessing the progress made towards this target and beyond. Here, we review current monitoring efforts and propose a global biodiversity monitoring network to complement and enhance these efforts. The network...

The original International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources was a non-binding agreement adopted by the FAO Conference in 1983. Based on the principle of the heritage of mankind over plant genetic resources, it provided a framework for international cooperation in the area of plant genetic resources conservation and use. In 1993, the FAO decid...

This book focuses on the previously neglected interface between the conservation of plant genetic resources and their utilization. Only through utilization can the potential value of conserved genetic resources be realized. However, as this book shows, much conserved germplasm has to be subjected to long-term pre-breeding and genetic enhancement be...

This book focuses on the previously neglected interface between the conservation of plant genetic resources and their utilization. Only through utilization can the potential value of conserved genetic resources be realized. However, as this book shows, much conserved germplasm has to be subjected to long-term pre-breeding and genetic enhancement be...

This book focuses on the previously neglected interface between the conservation of plant genetic resources and their utilization. Only through utilization can the potential value of conserved genetic resources be realised. However, as this book shows, much conserved germplasm has to be subjected to long-term pre-breeding and genetic enhancement be...

Efficient and well-coordinated national programmes on plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (PGRFA) can contribute greatly to national socioeconomic development. The recent broadening of interest in the management and use of plant genetic resources calls for the wider involvement of different sectors and stakeholder groups in national PG...

Better use of plant genetic resources is critical to meeting the challenges of increasing food production and of alleviating poverty. All countries depend on plant genetic resources originating beyond their borders, which means that international cooperation is essential to secure continued access to these resources. International agreements are al...

Rye ( Secale cereale cv. Rheidol) and wheat ( Triticum aestivum cv. Mardler) were grown at shoot/root temperatures of 20/20 °C (warm grown, WG plants), 8/8 °C (cold grown, CG plants) and 20/8 °C (differential grown, DG plants). Plants from contrasting growth temperature regimes were standardized and compared using a developmental ti...

Seedlings of Secale cereale cv. Rheidol and Triticum aestivum cv. Mardler were grown at shoot/root temperatures of 20/20 °C, 20/8 °C and 8/8 °C. During vegetative growth both cereals produced leaves, tillers and roots in a defined pattern, at a species-specific rate which was linearly related to the temperature of the shoot meristem. Thus, plant de...

A split root system was used to investigate the cycling of nitrogen between shoots and roots in young wheat and rye plants. ¹⁵N-nitrate was supplied to one part of the root system for various periods, at the end of which these roots were excised. Xylem sap was then collected from the other roots which had not been supplied directly with ¹⁵N-nitrate...

Ion fluxes show a characteristically biochemical dependence on temperature when observed at the membrane level and over short periods after a perturbation of temperature. The primary active transport systems are enzymic and are dependent both on substrate supply and on changes in protein conformation. The hydrophobic parts of the proteins are surro...

Nitrate fertiliser labelled with15N was applied to a field grown crop of winter wheat. Uptake and assimilation of fertiliser nitrate was studied by monitoring the appearance of labelled nitrate and labelled amino acids in the xylem sap. Shortly after applying15N-nitrate to the soil about 30 per cent of recently absorbed15N was in the reduced form,...

One part of a split root system of wheat seedlings received full nutrient solution with 15N-nitrate, the other received an identical solution with unlabelled nitrate. Appearance of labelled amino compounds was measured in the xylem sap exuding from roots not supplied directly with 15N-nitrate after removal of the 15N-nitrate-fed roots. This materia...

The Global Plan of Action for the Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture was adopted by 150 countries at the FAO Fourth International Technical Conference on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture held in Leipzig, Germany in June 1996. The preparation of this Global Plan of Action was...