Gyula Sallai

Budapest University of Technology and Economics · Department of Telecommunications and Media Informatics

A Nemzeti Közszolgálati Egyetem (NKE) 2016-bankötött együttműködési megállapodást a Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetemmel (BME) a Közigazgatás- és Közszolgáltatás-fejlesztés Operatív Programban nevesített, KÖFOP-2.1.2-VEKOP-15. számú „A jó kormányzást megalapozó közszolgálat-fejlesztés” című projekt szakmai céljainak elérését elősegíten...

This book describes the theoretical foundations of cognitive infocommunications (CogInfoCom), and provides a survey on state-of-the-art solutions and applications within the field. The book covers aspects of cognitive infocommunications in research fields such as affective computing, BCI, future internet, HCI, HRI, sensory substitution, and virtual...

In the previous chapter, the concept of Future Internet was formalized through the perspective of the next 5–10 years. This formalization included a vision of a future network that aims at service and resource awareness. In this chapter, a longer term and broader vision is outlined, which covers not only technological aspects, but also aspects rele...

In this chapter, an overview is given of the scientific and technological triggers leading to the emergence of cognitive infocommunications (CogInfoCom). Section 1.1 of the chapter begins with a brief introductory description of the motivations behind the field. This is followed by a discussion of how the field has emerged, first from the point of...

Based on the preliminaries of the previous chapter, this chapter provides a holistic view of CogInfoCom channels that unifies syntactic and semantic aspects. CogInfoCom channels are defined as a structured unification of icons and messages with perceptual interpretations of meaning. This definition uncovers previously overlooked features of the con...

In this chapter, an overview is provided of the research areas of CogInfoCom channels, speechability and socio-cognitive ICT—all three of which have recently emerged under CogInfoCom (further recent initiatives are presented in the following chapter). CogInfoCom channels focus on how multi-sensory messages between cognitive entities can be structur...

This chapter discusses the foundations of CogInfoCom from the historical perspective of the diffusion of information and communications technology (ICT)—a phenomenon resulting from the evolution of digital electronics and the convergence of telecommunications and information technology. A holistic overview of this digital convergence process is pro...

In this chapter, a description of the scope and goals of CogInfoCom is provided. This is followed by an overview of novel concepts—such as those of mode and type of communication, as well as the more general notion of cognitive capability—which have emerged through the field. Further, a set of assumptions, primarily founded on the existence and con...

This chapter investigates the need for designers and users to be able to customize CogInfoCom channels. It is argued that the availability of tools for this purpose is important due to the specificities of the CogInfoCom modality that is used—especially with respect to the input device and the noise level characteristic of the transfer medium. Howe...

Based on the results of the previous two chapters, this chapter focuses on techniques that can be used to map semantic meaning onto CogInfoCom channels. This mapping task is formulated in terms of finding appropriate perceptual concepts—and a corresponding set of generation parameter types—for the establishment of useful semantic associations. In t...

In this chapter, an overview is given of the scientific and technological triggers leading to the emergence of cognitive infocommunications (CogInfoCom). Section 1.1 of the chapter begins with a brief introductory description of the motivations behind the field. This is followed by a discussion of how the field has emerged, first from the point of...

In this chapter, the motivations behind CogInfoCom channels are discussed. As a first step towards their formal development, a unified view is provided of the structural elements that have in the past been used in interfaces designed for various (human) sensory systems. It is demonstrated that not only are these structural elements analogous to eac...

In this chapter, a description of the scope and goals of CogInfoCom is provided. This is followed by an overview of novel concepts—such as those of mode and type of communication, as well as the more general notion of cognitive capability—which have emerged through the field. Further, a set of assumptions, primarily founded on the existence and con...

In this chapter, several new research initiatives are described which have been proposed at various scientific fora on CogInfoCom since the first international workshop on the field in 2010. These initiatives are discussed in a separate chapter because they are still relatively young, and continued research can still be expected to lead to signific...

In this chapter, several key points of synergy are discussed from the perspective of existing research fields relevant to the merging process between humans and ICT. It is important to emphasize that while all of these fields have their own motivations and unique set of methodologies, they also incorporate some aspect, or some future potential that...

With the constant increase of traffic volume the energy consumption of telecommunication networks is also increasing. Energy conserving solutions are needed to maintain their sustainability. With access networks being the leading contributor to overall network energy demand, their energy-aware operation is of primary importance. Future access netwo...

Telecommunications and the Internet are forming an increasingly integrated and global system for processing, storing, transporting information and managing content. At the same time the identification capacity of the Current Internet is running out, Internet architectures are reconsidered for better managing mobility and quality requirements, data...

Telecommunications and the Internet are forming an increasingly integrated system for processing, storing, accessing and distributing information and managing content. Recently the content space is expanding by cognitive and sensory contents, billions of devices are to be interconnected, media convergence is highlighted and an open Digital Ecosyste...

Hungary transposed the new EU regulatory framework package on electronic communications in 2003. It was passed by the Hungarian Parliament in last November, entered into force on 1 January 2004 (except some paragraphs). The new EU directives created an integrated regulatory system for the telecommunications, broadcasting and cable tv-distribution,...

The widespread deployment of mobile communications and the Internet in the 1990s accelerated a convergence process based on common digital technology. Telecommunications and the Internet are increasingly forming an integrated system for processing, storing, accessing and distributing information and managing content. Recently the content space is e...

Protection of content of sensitive text documents is important in enterprise intranets. An index structure is needed to support efficient search and retrieval, but it can lead to information leakage; by statistical attacks an adversary can draw probabilistic inference about the contents of document collection. Zerr and others present a confidential...

Network neutrality issue has been recently received a great attention from the research community, the industry and the network regulators alike. From the European perspectives, the net neutrality issue is increasingly important because it is also part of the Digital Agenda 2020 recently approved by the European Commission. Until now, usage-based p...

The convergence of telecommunications, informatics (IT) and media based on the common digital technology affected these sectors in different ways and at different times, resulting in different approaches and terms. The paper presents infocommunications as an evolving expansion of telecommunications with information processing and content management...

Information and communication technologies (ICT) and cognitive sciences (CS) are both pursued at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BME). The Department of the Telecommunications and Media Informatics (TMIT) is focusing on ICT and its related applications and convergence issues. After deploying the convergence of the telecommunica...

In this paper, we investigate the impacts of user behaviour—user loyalty in particular—on pricing strategies of Internet Service Providers (ISPs) for a profitable yet sustainable Internet access marketplace. We carry out an extensive empirical analysis of customer loyalty issues of ISP markets including our own survey in the Hungarian ISP market....

The rate of deployment and adoption issues of new network technologies, IPv6 in particular, have recently been hotly debated in the research community. However, the question of how protocols migrate, especially the dynamics of migration, to new paradigms is still largely open. In this paper, we address the issue from a game theoretic point of view....

A combined method of the STEP analysis and Magic Quadrants is proposed for multi-sided expert-based evaluation of the opportunities and impacts of the processes of convergence. Expectation and feasibility of the human, technical, economic and administrative aspects are equally assessed. The method is available from convergent products to convergent...

The rate of deployment and adoption issues of new network technologies, IPv6 in particular, have recently been hotly debated in the research community. However, the question of how protocols migrate, especially the dynamics of migration, to new paradigms is still largely open. In this paper, we address the issue from a game theoretic point of view....

The intensive technological development of the last years brought the overall acceptance of an IP based network and services vision based on the NGN. The realization of the NGN vision, the decision on the migration to NGN sets regulatory tasks, especially in the area of numbering and addressing. The utilization of the opportunities provided by the...

The difference between dedicated and shared protection is well known. In this paper we investigate these ideas applied to sharing power budgets of links. When defining protection paths not as a â??hot stand-byâ?? but rather as a â??cold stand-byâ?? the power needed for protection will be lower; therefore the routeable distance of certain connection...

The ANP has been applied to a large variety of decisions: marketing, medical, political, military, social, prediction and many others. ANP is able to take analysis of benefits, opportunities, costs, and risks (BOCR) (Wijnmalen, 2007). Bayesian Networks are applied in query languages in scientific area of information retrieval (Cheng & Yang, 1999)0,...

The goal of this paper is to find Wardrop equilibrium in transport networks at case of uncertainty situations, where the uncertainty comes from lack of information. We use simulation tool to find the equilibrium, which gives only approximate solution, but this is sufficient for large networks as well. In order to take the uncertainty into account w...

The goal of this paper is to find Wardrop equilibrium in transport networks at case of uncertainty situations, where the uncertainty comes from lack of information. We use simulation tool to find the equilibrium, which gives only approximate solution, but this is sufficient for large networks as well. In order to take the uncertainty into account w...

In Hungary the implementation of the broadband infocommunication infrastructure of suitable bandwidth and quality reaching all settlements of the country and the intensification of the development of the broadband coverage have been actual issues for the government and the society. For the formulation of the best solution several surveys, studies,...

The aim of this paper is to find a solution for route planning in a road network, where the costs of roads are uncertain. Our concept is based on the Dempster-Shafer theory and Dijkstra's algorithm, which helps to find the best routes. We model the influencing factors of the traffic congestion on the roads using uncertain probabilities described by...

Unique Name Service (UNS) is a novel concept for identifying subscribers in convergent telecommunication networks with a unique identifier. In contrast to current naming and addressing services, UNS provides a generic, flexible and future proof service. As well as describing the UNS concept, this paper defines its abstract model which is used to gi...

A collection of slides from the authorpsilas seminar presentation is given. Case studies and practical approaches for the Unique Name Service are demonstrated.

Networks 2008 will focus on the challenges of planning networks and services to deliver on the promise of the synergic values of convergence of the telecommunications, information and media technologies. The convergence requires innovation in network architectures, planning and optimisation methods, changes approach from access to service and conte...

This paper deals with multi criteria decision analysis in an engineering area (info-communication networks) by combining two effective mathematical modelling tools: analytic hierarchy process and Bayesian network. An extension of Bayesian network is introduced, this vector Bayesian network is able to calculate the effects of the node faults in info...

The virtual private network (VPN) services have become widespread and many of research activities aim to provide efficient methods for VPN design. However, only a few discrete bandwidths at different prices are available resulting in stepwise capacity cost functions (CCFs). Although numerous general heuristics are proposed for VPN design, they cann...

Hungary transposed the new EU regulatory framework package on electronic communications in 2003. It was approved by the Hungarian Parliament in November 2003, entered into force on 1 January 2004 (except a few paragraphs). The new EU directives created an integrated regulatory system for the telecommunications, broadcasting and cable tv-distributio...

Recent Internet access speeds have made it possible even for home users to reach and use previously unavailable bandwidth consuming (e.g. video on demand) services. However, the rapid spread of these applications is hindered by the lack of QoS guarantees in packet networks. In this article a QoS architecture is presented which have been designed fo...

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Hungary transposed the new EU regulatory framework package on electronic communications in 2003. It was passed by the Hungarian Parliament in last November, entered into force on 1 January 2004 (except some paragraphs). The new EU directives created an integrated regulatory system for the telecommunications, broadcasting and cable tv-distribution,...

In multilayer (e.g. GMPLS/ASTN) networks the routing becomes very complex since it is performed over multiple network layers simultaneously. Furthermore, to achieve a certain level of QoS not only topology but also link-state information has to be spread. To obtain a path from a source to a desired destination in short time, source routing is prefe...

The paper presents the reform of the Hungarian telecommunications sector, including changes in the legislation, regulation, ownership and sector structure. The present structures of the market and regulatory environment are also shown. The phases of the telecommunications development strategy is outlined and the facts of the last twelve-year's prog...

This article presents the reform of the Hungarian telecommunications sector, including changes in legislation, regulation, ownership, and sector structure. The present structures of the market and regulatory environments are also shown. The phases of the telecommunications development strategy are outlined, and the last ten years' progress is demon...

The paper overviews the current state and modernization strategies of telecommunications in Central and Eastern European countries comprising Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Croatia, Romania and Bulgaria. In the mid-1990s telephone density is relatively low; advanced telecommunications services are s...

The paper reviews the current state and the development strategies of telecommunications in Hungary. Telephone systems are predominantly analog, with a relatively low main-line penetration ratio (14.5% by the end of 1993) and several years waiting time. Advanced telecommunications services are scarcely established. However, the significance of tele...

The current state and the development strategies of telecommunications in the central and eastern European countries of Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, and Romania are reviewed. Telephone systems are predominantly analog, with a low (10.8%) main line penetration ratio and several year long waiting time. Advanced telecom services are scarcely established...

Derives a generic network model which can be used to evaluate quantitatively the effects of the reduction of the number of switching centres and network levels, so determining the optimal structure for a given technical configuration of the network. The model can be used to compare the costs of different switching and transmission solutions, to exa...

The introduction of digital techniques into the te-lecommunications networks tends to modify the network structure. Hierarchical and nonhierarchical network models based on randomly-distributed nodes are developed and analysed. The paper presents the optimum hierarchical net-work structure with respect to parameters expressing the technological pro...

This article discusses planning methods intended to find an efficient combination of various means of protecting transmission networks against component failures, taking account of the extra cost and benefits involved. The efficient number of disjointed routes, optimum overdimensioning of multi-route subgroups, and optimum use of a redeployable sta...

The paper presents planning methods to find efficient combinations of various securization techniques for protecting the telecommunications transmission networks against component failures taking the extra cost and the benefits into account. The efficient number of disjoint routes, the optimal degree of the overdimensioning of the multi-routed subg...

The approximation of the finite-impulse-response (FIR) digital filters using the bilinear transformation of a restricted class of the rational functions is considered. The reference rational functions are constructed for maximally flat selective and quadrature filters. The proposed method can be directly used for both even and odd degree filters, a...

The paper presents the reform of the Hungarian telecommunications sector, including changes in the legislation, regulation, ownership and sector structure. The present structures of the market and regulatory environment are also shown. The phases of the telecommunications development strategy is outlined and the facts of the last twelve-year's prog...

A universal time-domain synthesis process which takes into consideration the linear distortion/dispersion/ of the delay line sections in transversal filters is described. The distortion is the difference between the transfer functions of the real and ideal delay line sections.

A review is presented of the change of the cost ratios of the telecommunication network elements and the effects for the optimum network structure. A statistical method is derived which provides an evaluation in cost for the different network solutions taking into account the traffic interest, the network structure, the distribution of subscribers...