About
122
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Introduction
Additional affiliations
November 2017 - February 2020
The Mérieux Foundation USA
Position
- CEO
January 2017 - October 2017
Advanced Biosciences Laboratory
Position
- Research Director
March 2022 - present
Guy Vernet Expertise
Position
- Consultant
Education
September 1980 - October 1984
September 1977 - June 1980
Publications
Publications (122)
The Central African Republic (CAR) is characterized by widespread HIV epidemic with notable prevalence and genetic diversity. We herein analysed the genetic diversity of atypical non‐M HIV‐1 strains. In‐house serotyping assays for variants of HIV‐1 (M, N, O, P) and HIV‐2 were used to test a biological collection of 6092 HIV‐seropositive blood sampl...
Background
Large-scale population-based seroprevalence studies of SARS-CoV-2 are essential to characterize the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and to extrapolate the prevalence of presumptive immunity at the population level. Objective. The objective of our survey was to estimate the cumulative population immunity for COVID-19 and to i...
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health threat. Quality data on AMR are needed to tackle the rise of multidrug-resistant clones. These data are rare in low-income countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. In this study, we investigated the rise of extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing (ESBL) Enterobacteriaceae in Bangui, Centr...
Introduction: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at high to very high risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The persistence of this pandemic worldwide has instigated the need for an investigation of the level of prevention through immunization and vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 among HCWs. The objective of our study was to evaluate any changes in anti-COVID-19...
Author summary
The use of biomarkers to measure immune responses in serum is crucial for understanding population-level exposure and susceptibility to human pathogens. Advances in sample collection, multiplex testing, and computational modeling are transforming serosurveillance into a powerful tool for public health program design and response to i...
Background: There is currently no specific treatment recommended for monkeypox. This expanded access programme (EAP) aims to provide tecovirimat to patients with monkeypox and collect data on patient treatment, disease evolution and outcomes under a protocol to contribute to the evidence-base for the use of the drug for monkeypox.
Methods: Patients...
Background: Large-scale population-based seroprevalence studies of SARS-CoV-2 are essential to characterize the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and to extrapolate the prevalence of presumptive immunity at the population level.
Objective: The objective of our survey was to estimate the cumulative population immunity for COVID-19 and to...
The use of biomarkers to measure immune responses in serum is crucial for understanding population-level exposure and susceptibility to human pathogens. Advances in sample collection, multiplex testing, and computational modeling are transforming serosurveillance into a powerful tool for public health program design and response to infectious threa...
Serological testing for SARS-CoV-2 has enormous potential to contribute to COVID-19 pandemic response efforts. However, the required performance characteristics of antibody tests will critically depend on the use case (individual-level vs. population-level).
Background
During the large 2013–16 Ebola virus outbreak caused by the Zaire Ebola virus, about 20% of cases were reported in children. This study is the first, to our knowledge, to evaluate an Ebola vaccine in children younger than 6 years. We aimed to evaluate the safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of a monovalent, recombinant, chimpanzee...
Background
The 2014 Zaire Ebola virus disease epidemic accelerated vaccine development for the virus. We aimed to assess the safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of one dose of monovalent, recombinant, chimpanzee adenovirus type-3 vectored Zaire Ebola glycoprotein vaccine (ChAd3-EBO-Z) in adults.
Methods
This phase 2, randomised, observer-bl...
Since the publication of the first sequence of a whole viral genome in 1976, genomics, the science of studying genomes of living organisms, has allowed considerable progresses in the comprehension and control of infectious diseases. Besides research, genomics now finds applications in clinical biology, disease surveillance and control, outbreak inv...
Objective:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates that fail to hybridize to at least one rpoB wildtype or any mutation probe on the Genotype MTBDRplus strip are assumed Rifampicin-resistant. However, the precise mutation(s) are unknown. We sought to identify the mutations in isolates with such hybridization patterns and determine if the mutations are...
Oral Presentation on the Safety and Immunogenicity of a single intramuscular dose of the investigational recombinant chimpanzee adenovirus type 3-vectored Ebola Zaire vaccine (ChAd3-EBO-Z) in children in Africa: a phase 2, randomized, controlled study
Background
Drug-resistant tuberculosis, especially multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), is a major public health problem. Effective management of MDR-TB relies on accurate and rapid diagnosis. In this study, we assessed the diagnostic accuracy of the Genotype MTBDRplus assay in diagnosing MDR-TB in Cameroon, and then discuss on its utility wi...
Introduction:
The diagnostic procedure for chronic hepatitis C infection (CHC) usually combines anti-HCV antibody (HCV-Ab) and HCV-RNA measurement. Quantifying HCV core antigen (cAg) as a one-step procedure could shorten the diagnostic process. We aimed to assess the performance of cAg quantification in diagnosing CHC and how it is influenced by c...
According to the WHO/UNAIDS recommendations, an acceptable HIV rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) has to perform a sensitivity ≥ 99% and a specificity ≥ 98%. Given the constant release of new RDTs for HIV testing in the market and the high HIV genetic diversity in Cameroon, it is interesting to monitor their performances in that setting.
A total of 240...
The host response to infection by Plasmodium falciparum, the parasite most often responsible for severe malaria, ranges from asymptomatic parasitaemia to death. The clinical trajectory of malaria is influenced by host genetics and parasite load, but the factors determining why some infections produce uncomplicated malaria and some proceed to severe...
Background:
Efficient implementation of the global eradication strategies consisting of Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) surveillance and mass immunization campaigns led to interruption of indigenous wild poliovirus transmission in Cameroon in 1999.
Objectives:
This study describes type 1 and type 3 wild poliovirus (WPV) importation, incidence, geo...
Background:
Interferon-release assays (IGRAs) for diagnosing active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) are not yet fully validated, particularly in high TB-endemic areas as the People's Republic of China (PRC). The aim of this report was to assess the performance of the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-tube (QFT-GIT) and tuberculin skin test (TST), in addition to...
Hepatitis B (HB) infection is common in Mali. However, there is little information on molecular and biochemical characteristics of HB carriers.
A group of 1466 adult volunteers was recruited in the district of Bamako. Confirmed HB carriers were tested for HB viral load by quantitative PCR and HBV was genotyped by sequencing of HBS. Fibrosis and hep...
Background
Data on the etiologies of pneumonia among children are inadequate, especially in developing countries. The principal objective is to undertake a multicenter incident case–control study of <5-year-old children hospitalized with pneumonia in developing and emerging countries, aiming to identify the causative agents involved in pneumonia wh...
The World Health Organization (WHO) poliovirus eradication program includes careful surveillance of acute-flaccid paralysis (AFP) and mass and routine immunization with oral polio vaccine (OPV). In populations with low vaccine coverage, the live-attenuated Sabin strains, OPV types 1, 2 and 3, can evolve into virulent vaccine-derived polioviruses (V...
Objective
A high genomic load of Pneumococcus from blood or cerebrospinal fluid has been associated with increased mortality. We aimed to analyse whether nasopharyngeal colonisation density in HIV-infected patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is associated with markers of disease severity or poor outcome.
Methods
Quantitative lytA real...
The aim of this multi-centric prospective study in India was to assess the accuracy of a serological test as an additional tool for diagnosing active tuberculosis (ATB). In particular, an assay based on ELISA using a phenolic glycolipid (PGL-Tb1) or a fusion protein (ESAT-6/CFP10) was compared to the tuberculin skin test (TST) and the microbiologic...
Antimicrobial drug resistance is usually not monitored in under-resourced countries because they lack surveillance networks, laboratory capacity, and appropriate diagnostics. This accelerating problem accounts for substantial number of excess deaths, especially among infants. Infections particularly affected by antimicrobial drug resistance include...
The uptake of tests endorsed by the World Health Organization to detect and appropriately confirm multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in low-income countries remains insufficient.
To validate the implementation of line-probe assays (LPA) and liquid culture to develop an algorithm to detect MDR-TB in the challenging setting of Haiti.
Through a...
Human bocavirus species 1-4 (HBoV1-4) have been associated with respiratory and enteric infections in children. However, the immunological mechanisms in response to HBoV infections are not fully understood. Though previous studies have shown cross-reactivities between HBoV species, the epitopes responsible for this phenomenon remain unknown. In thi...
Saffold cardiovirus (SAFV) is a new human cardiovirus with 11 identified genotypes. Little is known about the natural history and pathogenicity of SAFVs.
We sequenced the genome of five SAFV-1 strains which were identified from fecal samples taken from children with viral diarrhea in Beijing, China between March 2006 and November 2007, and analyzed...
BACKGROUND: The aim of this multicentric prospective study in India was to assess the performance of the QuantiFERON TB-Gold in tube (QFT-GIT), Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) and microbiological results as additional tools for diagnosing active tuberculosis (TB) and latent infection (LTBI) according to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) status. METHODS...
Unlabelled:
Anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) nucleos(t)ides analogs (NA) exert selective pressures on polymerase (pol) and surface (S) genes, inducing treatment resistance and increasing the risk of vaccine escape mutants. The rate of emergence for these mutations is largely unknown in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HB...
There is an increasing focus on influenza in low-resourced areas as a vaccine-preventable cause of severe lower respiratory disease in young children, especially among those under two years of age. The extent of the disease burden is unclear: current etiologic studies may underestimate the impact of influenza if recognized or unrecognized infection...
Human enteroviruses (EVs) are small, nonenveloped RNA viruses belonging to the family Picornaviridae. Approximately 100 EV genotypes have been identified. Recently, EV68 epidemics in respiratory tract infections (RTIs) have been reported worldwide (1,2). Moreover, rarely detected EVs (e.g., EV-C104 and EV-C109) have been increasingly identified in...
Background
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) have been implicated as important agents in a wide range of human illnesses. To date, 58 distinct HAdV serotypes have been identified and can be grouped into six species. For the immunological diagnosis of adenoviruses, the hexon protein, a structural protein, has been used. The potential of other HAdV proteins...
Pairwise nucleotide and amino acid sequence comparisons of DBP within the same HAdVs species.
(DOC)
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of respiratory tract illnesses worldwide. Although the prevalence and clinical manifestations of the two subtypes, RSV-A and RSV-B, have been studied in some detail in infants and young children, they have not been determined in adults. To evaluate the prevalence of the RSV subtypes and disease s...
Community-acquired pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. However, few studies have been conducted on the infection of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) associated with pediatric community-acquired pneumonia in China. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected between July 2008 and June 2010 from 1,028 children, aged ≤...
The Amazon region is considered to be a high endemic area for Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infections, Rondonia state having the highest prevalence. The aim of this study was to identify molecular genotypes and mutations in the S gene region of HBV viral genomes from 20 patients using a DNA microarray. Results: Serological tests showed that 88% of patie...
Low income countries seldom possess adequate means to effectively carry out rigorous epidemiological studies in the fight against infectious diseases such as Tuberculosis and Acute Lower Respiratory Infections. To do so, they require solid health infrastructures and qualified researchers trained in the latest laboratory techniques. Where internatio...
An unexplained increase in the incidence of parapneumonic empyema (PPE) in pneumonia cases has been reported in recent years. The present study investigated the genetic and biological specifications of new isolates of torque teno mini virus (TTMV) detected in pleural effusion samples from children hospitalised for severe pneumonia with PPE.
A patho...
To determine the role of the pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 (A/H1N1 2009pdm) in acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) and its impact on the epidemic of seasonal influenza viruses and other common respiratory viruses, nasal and throat swabs taken from 7,776 patients with suspected viral ARTIs from 2006 through 2010 in Beijing, China were screen...
The aim of this multicentric prospective study in India was to assess the value of several microbiological tools that contribute to the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) according to HIV status.
Standard microbiological tools on individual specimens were analyzed.
Among the 807 patients with active TB, 131 were HIV-infected, 316 HIV-uninfected and 360...
In Madagascar, very little is known about the etiology and prevalence of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in a rural tropical area. Recent data are needed to determine the viral and atypical bacterial etiologies in children with defined clinical manifestations of ARIs.
During one year, we conducted a prospective study on ARIs in children between...
Four species of human bocaviruses (HBoV1-4) have been identified based on phylogenetic analysis since its first report in 2005. HBoV1 has been associated with respiratory disease, whereas HBoV2-4 are mainly detected in enteric infections. Although the prevalence of HBoVs in humans has been studied in some regions, it has not been well addressed glo...
Pneumonia is caused by respiratory bacteria and/or viruses. Little is known if co-infections are an aggravating factor in hospitalised children with severe pneumonia. We studied the impact of respiratory pathogens on the severity of pneumonia. Between 2007 and 2009, 52 children hospitalised with a well-documented diagnosis of communityacquired pneu...
During August 2006-April 2010, in Beijing, China, 2 rare human enterovirus serotypes, coxsackievirus A21 and enterovirus 68, were detected most frequently in human enterovirus-positive adults with acute respiratory tract infections. Thus, during some years, these 2 viruses cause a substantial proportion of enterovirus-associated adult acute respira...
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a respiratory viral pathogen in children worldwide. hMPV is divided into four subtypes: hMPV_A1, hMPV_A2, hMPV_B1, and hMPV_B2. hMPV_A2 can be further divided into hMPV_A2a and A2b based on phylogenetic analysis. The typical prevalence pattern of hMPV involves a shift of the predominant subtype within one or two year...
G and F sequences of hMPV_A2b submitted to GenBank from India and Beijing, China.
(DOC)
Molecular clock phylogenies of hMPV subtypes. The phylogenies were reconstructed longitudinally using G gene sequences of hMPV subtypes with branch lengths expressed in unit of time.
(TIF)
Sequences information of the hMPV G gene enrolled in this study.
(DOC)
Global epidemiology of hMPV subtypes during 1999 and 2009.
(DOC)
To determine the prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) among patients with new smear-positive pulmonary TB in Port-au-Prince, Haiti.
Sputum samples were cultured from 1 006 patients newly diagnosed with TB in 2008. The core region of the rpoB gene that is associated with resistance to rifampin was sequenced. All isolates with rpoB...
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a widely distributed tick-borne member of the Nairovirus genus (Bunyaviridae) with a high mortality rate in humans. CCHFV induces a severe disease in infected patients that includes, among other symptoms, massive liver necrosis and failure. The interaction between liver cells and CCHFV is therefore i...
This chapter briefly describes genomics, the study of genomes of living organisms and researches and studies conducted in this field. It throws some light on the different genome projects and also the customers involved in genomics. It explains the various types of researches and the diagnostic needs, including the whole genome sequencing, comparat...
To evaluate the prevalence and clinical manifestations of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) in immunocompetent Chinese adults with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs).
A reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) assay targeting the P gene was developed in this study and used to detect hMPV in nasal and throat swabs collected from 2936 immunocompetent ad...
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are recognized as causal agents in a wide range of human diseases. However, researchers lack sufficient data on the exact HAdV species and serotypes associated with adult acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs). To detect and characterize HAdV infections in adults in China, clinical specimens were collected from 10,310...
Real-time PCR for Human Bocavirus.
To the Editor: Four species of human bocavirus (HBoV1-4) have been identified since 2005 (1-4). Several reports have documented that HBoV1 are prevalent in respiratory tract samples. Although there may be many asymptomatic carriers, HBoV1 has been shown to cause respiratory tract diseases (1,5,6). HBoV2 has mainly been detected in fecal samples and...
Localization comparison between the identified peptides and the classical five antigenic sites in stereo view. The HA monomer surface view of influenza virus A/PR/8/34 (PDB ID:1RU7) is shown and colored to illustrate the five antigenic sites (Sa, Sb, Ca1, Ca2, and Cb) and the identified peptides. From most membrane distal to proximal: P3 (blue), P3...
Subtype specificity of influenza A virus (IAV) is determined by its two surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). For HA, 16 distinct subtypes (H1-H16) exist, while nine exist for NA. The epidemic strains of H1N1 IAV change frequently and cause annual seasonal epidemics as well as occasional pandemics, such as the notorious...