Guy André Boy

CentraleSupélec | ECP · Laboratory of Industrial Engineering (LGI) - EA 2606

The fourth industrial revolution involves more complexity. This research effort focuses on decision‐making in helicopter engine maintenance activities. Such a decision‐making task is difficult and relies on a variety of experts who only have partial knowledge and incomplete situation awareness, due to the great diversity of everyday operational pra...

This position paper introduces and coins the term socioergonomics, considered as a sociological, ontological, and methodological support to human systems integration (HSI). It describes the evolution of ergonomics from early physiological to psychological to contemporary social sciences approaches supporting Industry 4.0 sociotechnical systems engi...

This position paper introduces and coins the term socioergonomics, considered as a sociological, ontological, and methodological support to human systems integration (HSI). It describes the evolution of ergonomics from early physiological to psychological to contemporary social sciences approaches supporting Industry 4.0 sociotechnical systems engi...

This chapter focuses on the evolution of Human-Centered Design (HCD) in aerospace systems over the last forty years. Human Factors and Ergonomics first shifted from the study of physical and medical issues to cognitive issues circa the 1980s. The advent of computers brought with it the development of human-computer interaction (HCI), which then exp...

The engineering community often asks to clarify what Human Systems Integration (HSI) entails. HSI often suffers from an identity crisis. Common opinions say it is synonymous with human factors and ergonomics, designing user interfaces, integrating the human with computer systems, a checklist of human-centered evaluations for a partially or fully de...

Human Systems Integration denotes processes and results of contemporary systems engineering that concurrently considers technological, organizational, and human factors during a system's entire life cycle. Human factors and ergonomics (HFE) was the first and most dominant field of investigation that seriously considered people's issues at work. Aut...

Industrial digital transformation is bringing a need for new tools and concepts. However, designing such complex tools and concept requires methods to be correctly implemented. These methods are studied as part of system engineering to satisfy various identified goals, and more specifically human-system integration, which is the topic of this paper...

This position paper introduces and coins the term socioergonomics, considered as a sociological, ontological and methodological support to human systems integration (HSI). It describes the evolution of ergonomics from early physiological to psychological to contemporary social sciences approaches supporting Industry 4.0 sociotechnical systems engin...

Design for flexibility requires some methodological clarifications in terms of underlying models. The SFAC model (Structure/Function vs. Abstract/Concrete) provides an abstract and concrete articulation between the structure and function of system. A sociotechnical system cannot be studied, modeled, designed and developed if the distinction and com...

Human-centered design (HCD) has become effectively possible when human-in-the-loop simulation (HITLS) capabilities have emerged with the tremendous development of the twenty-first century’s digital capabilities. Simulation enables us to holistically integrate people and systems. Interconnectivity in our digital society created new kinds of complexi...

We have entered a digital society that offers us more freedom but also enslaves us to a new sociotechnical environment for which we have not yet assumed all shortcomings. The characteristics of digital technology are essentially a function of the sociotechnical maturity of technologies that support it and its integration. This chapter emphasizes so...

Scenario-based design deals with task analysis and should be complemented by human-in-the-loop simulations that enable activity observation and analysis, and therefore activity-based design. A distinction is made between task (i.e., what is prescribed) and activity (i.e., what is effectively done). The making of complex sociotechnical systems is in...

Virtual Human-Centered Design (Virtual HCD or VHCD) is the design process using digital human-in-the-loop digital simulation. While it is now possible to explore and take into account human factors very early in the life cycle of a system (good news), the approach remains confined to a virtual environment. It is, therefore, essential to consider th...

Summarizing, this book provides a framework for flexibility analysis in sociotechnical systems, an articulation of human systems integration (HSI) as an emerging discipline that focuses on activity-based design and innovation, model-based HSI flexibility, clarifications on sociotechnical systems, and the tangibility issue in our growing digital wor...

Model-based human systems integration (MBHSI) extends model-based systems engineering (MBSE) by integrating virtual HCD together with the agile tangibilization of systems being developed (Boy in The handbook of model-based systems engineering. Springer, USA, 2021). This chapter presents various facets of flexibility offered by MBHSI. Complex system...

Human Systems Integration (HSI) denotes processes and results of contemporary systems engineering that concurrently considers technological, organizational and human factors during a system’s entire life cycle. This life cycle includes design, development, certification, delivery, operations and decommissioning. The concept of “system” represents p...

The oil-and-gas industry is known to be part of the most safety-critical domains. Safety culture has prompted such companies to implement new systems to support decision-making. In this paper, we explore the use of digital twins to support situation awareness as a crucial part of real-time decisionmaking processes. Therefore, this paper presents re...

This chapter focuses on the evolution of human‐centered design (HCD) in aerospace systems over the last forty years. Human factors and ergonomics first shifted from the study of physical and medical issues to cognitive issues circa the 1980s. The advent of computers brought with it the development of human–computer interaction (HCI), which then exp...

Human systems integration (HSI) is commonly thought as the association of human‐centered design (HCD) and systems engineering (SE). HCD relies on human‐in‐the‐loop simulation (HITLS) and artificial intelligence (AI). In addition, AI and SE terminologies, methods, and tools should be harmonized in the context of human‐machine teaming (HMT). Evolutio...

Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are two disciplines that followed parallel trajectories for about four decades. They also both complement each other and overlap in various problem-rich domains. This chapter is far from being exhaustive, but provides a representative story of how HCI and AI cross-fertilise each othe...

Evaluation of the performance of Human-Machine Teaming brings two substantial values to military effectiveness: (1) enhancing the design quality of cognitive aircraft systems, (2) synchronizing the behavior of the virtual assistant with the cockpit needs during fights. This paper presents "MOHICAN", a system-of-systems approach for monitoring the p...

This chapter covers several areas related to human–systems integration (HSI), including task and activity analysis, cognitive engineering, organization design and management, function allocation, complexity analysis, modeling, and human‐in‐the‐loop simulation. Contemporary HSI design approaches are supported by virtual HITLS, which involves tangibi...

This book contains all refereed papers accepted during the tenth edition of the conference that took place at the Cité Internationale Universitaire de Paris on December 12-13, 2019. Mastering complex systems requires an integrated understanding of industrial practices as well as sophisticated theoretical techniques and tools. This explains the crea...

For a long time, automation and, more recently, human-centered design (HCD), were developed to enhance safety, efficiency and comfort of civil and military aircraft. However, if automation led to considerably effective results in a large number of situations, experience shows that automation can become a very rigid tool in unexpected situations. In...

INCOSE Israel, in agreement with INCOSE HSI WG, felt that this theme fits COVID-19 era, which created health, economic, mobility, social and politics challenges, all had significant impact on Human Systems Integration. Also, these crises created new opportunities resulted from interesting combination of new constrains with an extremely short transi...

Human–systems integration (HSI) is progressively becoming a central discipline. HSI is grounded on the co-construction of technology, organizations, and people’s activities and jobs. HSI also requires the association of physics, cognitive engineering, and arts. Physics provides necessary knowledge, rules, and constraints that an engineer needs to b...

Pilots currently use paper-based manuals, Electronic Flight Bag (EFB) and electronic systems onboard to help them perform procedures to ensure safety, efficiency and comfort on commercial aircrafts. Although the manuals and procedures in EFB are not context-sensitive, management of interconnections among these operational documents can be a challen...

Human Centered Design (HCD) has become a necessary and unavoidable approach to seriously consider human factors upstream in systems architecture and functionalities. 20th century practices started by inventing and building tangible objects, functionalities being added incrementally and piled up at infinity, offering not only more automated systems...

Une nouvelle discipline émerge au carrefour des sciences de l’ingénieur et des sciences humaines et sociales : l’intégration humains-systèmes. Pendant longtemps, l’ergonomie et les facteurs humains étaient pris en compte très (trop) tard dans les processus de conception/développement des systèmes complexes. Nous ne pouvions pas faire autrement ! No...

Pilots currently use paper-based documentation and electronic systems to help them perform procedures to ensure safety, efficiency and comfort on commercial aircrafts. Management of interconnections among paper-based operational documents can be a challenge for pilots, especially when time pressure is high in normal, abnormal, and emergency situati...

This article presents an experience-based research effort on human-systems integration (HSI) verification principles for commercial space transportation (CST). CST HSI safety, efficiency, and comfort are analyzed with respect to four critical areas: (1) design and layout of displays and controls (we assume that displays and controls are computer ba...

Human missions to Mars are not only a matter of technology-centered engineering, it is foremost a matter of humancentered design (HCD) where technology, organizations and people roles should be co-designed in a participatory and agile way. Major human-centered components are trajectory and propulsion (defining HCD in terms of time), lifesupport (ph...

Loss of control in general aviation is responsible for 48% of reported accidents. The United States government has encouraged ulterior training in the field of stall recovery and understanding of the various factors that cause loss of control events. Although recommendations have been implemented, loss of control related accidents continue to mark...

Pressurized water reactor of integral configuration (iPWR) offers inherent safety features, such as the possibility to completely eliminate large-break LOCA and control rod ejection. However, integral configuration implemented using the current PWR technology leads to a larger reactor vessel, which in turn, due to the vessel manufacturability and t...

What is research today? Good research has to be indexed within appropriate mechanisms to be visible, considered and finally useful. These mechanisms are based on quantitative research methods and codes that are often very academic. Consequently, they impose rigorous constraints on the way results should be obtained and presented. In addition, every...

This paper discuses a major topic, i.e. “stressed students while in college”, that is essential to both society and students. It includes only the first two stages of the Human-Centered Design life cycle (Identify Needs, Research/Analysis, Design, Evaluation and Delivery). The importance of this topic is revealed when we realize that stress can aff...

This position paper presents a new approach based on my experience in the evolution of human-centered design (HCD) during four decades, and how it has struggled to become a discipline in its own right in complex socio-technical systems’ creation, development and operations. The 20th century saw tremendous industrial developments based on tangible m...

This paper describes the early stage research of the Trajectory Recovery System (TRS). TRS provides directly perceivable and actionable aerodynamic performance and recovery information to a pilot in the event of an In-Flight Loss of Control (ILOC) event arising from exceedance of the aircraft's critical angle of attack (AOA), ILOC-S. Documented her...

This paper presents the work in progress on the Onboard Weather Situation Awareness System (OWSAS), designed and refined using a human-centered development approach. More specifically, 3D content (integration of aircraft trajectory, flight-path and environmental dynamics), visualization (graphical integration of context-sensitive meteorological and...

Pilots currently use paper-based documentation and electronic systems to help them perform procedures to ensure safety, efficiency and comfort on commercial aircrafts. The Onboard Context-Sensitive Information System (OCSIS) was developed and tested to overcome the lack of context-sensitivity of paper-based operational documents, especially when ti...

Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) literature already suggests that Tangible User Interfaces (TUIs) can support children learning. This paper presents a human-centered design approach of TUIs applied for reading tasks in the classroom for children aged 5 to 8 years. This approach is also supported by agile software and hardware development. We focuse...

Exploring the complexity of our universe is certainly a topic of interest for millennia. People always tried to develop models to explain where we live, where we come from, who we are, and so on. These models were matched to observable cues, until they were challenged by creativity and/or contradictions. Ancient Greeks, such as Aristotle and Ptolem...

Design of tangible interactive systems (TISs) involves understanding and taking into account stability issues. What do we mean by TIS stability? Any time a new artifact or system is designed, we need to question impact of its use in our society and environment. We need to question social stability and environmental stability with respect to technol...

It is time to conclude. However, this is not a classical conclusion but an invitation to go beyond what you just read. I tried to give you philosophical and technical guidance to design tangible interactive systems (TISs). You now need to design and test your own TISs. Let me remind you the most important concepts.

Something is tangible when it is graspable in the physical sense, but also believable in the figurative sense. In the case of drones, they will become operationally tangible when they will be usable and useful for tasks, such as package delivery, image capture for news purposes (e.g., television), and disaster management support, for example. In ad...

Human-centered design (HCD) should not only take into account end users but all the stakeholders dealing with the product being designed, including designers themselves. This is one of the reasons why I prefer to talk about human-centered design instead of user-centered design. This chapter is devoted to a few concepts, models, and tools for teams...

This chapter presents a framework for innovation and its important attributes and methods that are likely to make a difference. The innovation-research duality will be discussed. Traditional research is based on the demonstration of a claim. Similarly, innovation is based on the investigation of appropriate possible futures and the demonstration th...

The concept of flexibility can be interpreted in various ways. First, flexibility can be synonymous to autonomy. We can say that an individual is autonomous, and then flexible, when he or she is able to act without external guidance. Second, flexibility can be related to openness. When an individual has an open mind, he or she can think and use sev...

This chapter presents an approach of product maturity that takes into account user experience. Socio-technical systems evolve concomitantly with the emergence of new practices. This point is analyzed for tangible interactive systems (TISs) and extended to everyday contemporary appliances. A product is judged sufficiently mature by its users, when i...

Sustainability is a broad topic usually linked to biological and ecological systems. Sustainability science was born as a new discipline at the World Congress on Challenges of a Changing Earth in 2001 (Kates et al. Science 292(5517):641–642, 2001). In this book, I focus on sustainability of artifacts (systems that are built by people) and more spec...

This article presents a collaborative system, called SCORE, useful for a multi-disciplinary team designing a new nuclear power plant (NPP). It was developed during the first phase of the I2S-LWR project (Integral Inherently Safe Light Water Reactor). SCORE enables the generation of design cards (DCs). A DC includes four main spaces (Boy, 2005): (1)...

Distinguishing between tangible user interfaces (TUI) and tangible interactive systems (TISs),this book takes into account not only the user interfaces but also looks at how interaction can be enabled by using digital information through the physical environment. TISs go far beyond the concept of tangible user interfaces, addressing large complex s...

Situation awareness (SA) has been a topic of interest for more that two decades in human factors and ergonomics. This paper proposes a critical account on this useful concept for human-centered design. First and foremost, it proposes various meanings of the concept of situation, ranging from the real, available, perceived, expected, to desired situ...

This paper presents the Onboard Weather Situation Awareness System (OWSAS), an innovative tangible interactive system. Its purpose is aircrew support for strategic weather awareness in the context of NextGen and SESAR programs. Weather awareness is crucial to increase safety and efficiency in our currently evolving airspace, especially with the...

Situation awareness (SA) has been a topic of interest for more that two decades in human factors and ergonomics. This paper proposes a critical account on this useful concept for human-centered design. First and foremost, it proposes various meanings of the concept of situation, ranging from the real, available, perceived, expected, to desired situ...

Pilots currently use paper-based documentation and electronic tools, e.g., Electronic Centralized Aircraft Monitoring (ECAM) for Airbus and Engine Indication and Crew Alerting System (EICAS) for Boeing to help pilots performing procedures to ensure increased safety on commercial aircrafts. Management of interconnections using paper-based operationa...

Situation awareness (SA) has been a topic of interest for more that two decades in human factors and ergonomics. This paper proposes a critical account on this useful concept for human-centered design. First and foremost, it proposes various meanings of the concept of situation, ranging from the real, available, perceived, expected, to desired situ...

This storytelling course will bring, in meaningful terms, insightful concepts, methods and tools that are used in the air and space domains. HCI for complex engineered systems challenges conventional HCI solutions to propose new kinds of approaches that turn out to be very useful for solving HCI complex problems. Participants will design devices us...

Automation led to many innovations for a long time, most of them were developed during the twentieth century. It was commonly thought as a layer on top of a mechanical system. It promoted system management over low-level control. The more information technology evolves, the more it takes a fundamental part in our lives. This article describes a par...

This chapter introduces concepts and approaches that enable the investigation of unexpected events and deal with them in complex sociotechnical world. Sectors dealing with life-critical systems (LCSs), such as aerospace, nuclear energy and medicine, have developed safety cultures that attempt to frame operations within acceptable domains of risk. T...

In this paper, a new Virtual Camera (VC) system is described that has been developed to assist astronauts in deep space exploration. Participatory design, involving users and stakeholders in all aspects of the design was used to make a system that provides a mediation environment. This environment, implemented on a tablet computer system, allows ex...

Traditional ergonomics fits into the continuity of the relationship between people, artifacts, which they build, their environment and societies. The current unprecedented technological development is breaking this continuity.We must think of human evolution and its relationship to work in new ways that space exploration has already begun to shape....