Gustavo A. Ramos

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Verified

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• PhD
• Professor (Associate) at Los Andes University (Colombia)

Given the short time intervals in which short‐circuit faults occur in a power system, a certain time delay between the moment of a fault's inception in the system to the moment in which the fault is actually detected is introduced. In this small time margin, the high amplitudes of the fault current can deal significant damage to the power system. A...

The Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect has been presented as a highly viable current measurement alternative in electrical systems due to its low cost, versatility and high precision. This paper shows how the GMR effect can be used in current measurement in smart grids. The study contributes to the construction of a current measurement prototype...

The power systems are transitioning to renewables. The power system infrastructure digitalization is the next stage in this evolution. A digitalized future distribution network (DN) has an opportunity to evolve into real-time analysis based on a huge volume of data. Such real-time analysis will be feasible through the integration of the theoretical...

The multiplying factor (MF) is critical for the correct design, sizing, and selection of protection devices in a power system. This factor depends on the X/R ratio at the point of failure. The standards establish an equivalent MF for the X/R ratios for both three-phase and single-phase fault accordingly for engineering practices. However, X/R ratio...

Symmetrical components theory, presented by Fortescue in 1918, and its analysis of the time domain presented by Lyon in 1954, have been widely used for fault analysis and power system protection algorithms. In recent times, applications in time domain have been deeply studied given their potential for getting a quicker failure detection, there are...

Given the decisive modernization of power systems and the evolution of protective relaying, it is imperative to merge traditional protection systems with innovative approaches that allow flexibility and time-domain protection. Time-domain approaches for power system protection must be tested in realistic and flexible platforms prior to their actual...

There is a general interest from manufacturers, users, regulation institutions, and research around electric vehicles development and its relation with the grid infrastructure. The penetration of electric vehicle in distribution networks brings considerable challenges in terms of power quality, particularly harmonic emissions. Such challenges are m...

Linear network modeling and phasor measurement units (PMUs) simplify the traditional system state estimation (SSE) problem. The existing multiphase SSE-PMU-based models are linear including earthing resistances as a fixed and invariable parameter. However, earthing resistances strongly depend on moisture and temperature changes over time. Thus, und...

Next‐generation distribution systems will be characterized by higher unbalanced currents due to increased asymmetrical currents produced by fast charging of electric vehicles and high short‐circuit currents under meshed operation. The unbalanced currents flowing through earthing impedances produce neutral‐earth voltages (NEVs) that may compromise t...

The ever-increasing complexity of intelligent electronic devices (IED) for the protection of electrical equipment leads to significant research challenges in evaluating their safety integrity level (SIL). The development of new technologies, components, operation, and maintenance requirements are factors that increase uncertainties and risks associ...

Nowadays, different industries such as nuclear, automotive, process, chemical, and oil & gas industry, must meet specific requirements in order to keep and reduce safety risks to as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP) level. As a result, the number of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems (E/E/PES) to control, preve...

The impact generated by the massive connection of electric vehicles (EVs) in the distribution networks requires to be evaluated through methodologies that consider the stochastic behavior of the EV connections. These methodologies must allow obtaining representative results of annual simulations, considering different charging scenarios, with high...

In many wye electrical systems, the function of the ground and neutral conductor is not differentiated because they are incorrectly joined. From a technical point of view, a connection between ground and neutral shall only be made once, at the main electrical panel; otherwise, those conductors should form two different paths. Although the implicati...

Out-of-step protection has been widely studied, and it remains an important topic in the field. Given the crucial modernization of the power systems and the evolution of protective relaying, it is crucial to merge from traditionally fixed parameters to novel approaches that allow flexibility and possible time-domain protection. This paper presents...

Due to the inclusion of Distributed Generation (DG) in modern power systems, there are certain changes in the distribution and transmission stage, either by impedance reflected by the lines, the increase of short circuit currents, or the X/R relation, seen from the different nodes on the grid. This context has a direct impact on protection coordina...

The trend of expanding to larger underground mining systems has motivated increases in the voltage levels used for distribution and utilisation. Such increases have caused the industry to face complexities and challenges that are not common in lower voltage systems. For high voltage levels, the mining regulations require the use of shielded cables,...

Electrical power systems are more complex and dynamic. The development of new technologies, equipment, power market transformation, regulations and community demands, are factors that increase uncertainties and risks related to the operation, control, safety and reliability of the power supply networks. There is a historical application of methods...

The use of real-time simulation tools brings several possibilities for improving testing and prototype assessment with higher precision and ensuring reliability in the study of power systems. This paper shows the design and implementation of a phasor measurement unit (PMU) in conjunction with synchronized phasor data concentrator (PDC software) to...

A dynamic state estimation (DSE) approach is proposed to improve the accuracy to identify the front-wave arrival times of a two-terminal traveling wave protection scheme for a transmission line with low sampling rates. The solution is implemented as an offline method aiming to use existing infrastructure measurements. The work presents the principl...

The purpose of this study takes advantage of real-time hardware and software co-simulation to integrate a recursive least-square adaptive filter into a relay design for transmission line protection. The relay trip logic is controlled with a recursive least-square filter that analyzes the weights and cumulative error auto-correlation for magnitude a...

A methodology for characterizing the phase-angle jump associated with voltage sags in radial systems using incremental voltage quantities is presented in this paper. The incremental voltage phasor is defined as the difference between the pre-fault and the during-fault voltage phasors at the point of common coupling. The characteristics of this phas...

The effect of phase-angle jump on impedance-based fault location methods for transmission and distribution systems is studied in this paper. The influence of fault resistance in simple impedance, simple reactance, Takagi and modified Takagi fault location methods is evaluated in four cases, and a correlation between fault resistance and phase-angle...

Fault classification and voltage sag parameter computation using voltage ellipses in Clarke's domain is presented in this paper. The voltage sag parameters computed were the point-on-wave of initiation and recovery, residual voltage, and phase-angle jump. A change in the phase reference in Clarke's transformation was proposed to simplify the fault...

This paper presents a three-phase loss allocation procedure for distribution networks. The key contribution of the paper is the computation of specific marginal loss coefficients (MLCs) per bus and per phase expressly considering non-linear load models for Electric Vehicles (EV). The method was applied in a unbalanced 12.47 kV feeder with 12,780 ho...

A fault classification and voltage sag parameters computation using voltage ellipses in Clarke's domain is presented in this paper. The voltage sag parameters computed are the point-on-wave of initiation and recovery, residual voltage, and phase-angle jump. A change in the phase reference in Clarke's transformation is proposed to simplify the fault...

An easy and intuitive way of understanding voltage sags and phase-angle jumps by looking at the phasor representation of the missing voltage during a short-circuit fault.

As the need for analyzing complex power systems increases, simulation tools make possible adding coupling strategies to interface simulations with Real-Time (RT) and Hardware in the Loop (HiL) techniques. This paper introduces a novel hardware and software integration to reproduce an RT performance environment of power system simulations, especiall...

The aim of this study is to design and implement an accurate virtual model of a basic feeder protection relay. The work focuses on certain sets of ANSI functions and COMTRADE (Std C37.111) to interact with an online simulation subjects to different fault scenarios. The proposed methodology includes robust synchronization between power system simula...

A characterization and classification of voltage sags due to faults in radial systems considering the grounding method of the source using parametric equations and voltage ellipse parameters is presented in this paper. The Clarke's transformation is used to compute parametric equations in the αβ framework based on the expressions of three-phase vol...

The inclusion of distributed renewable energy sources, new goals of efficiency and reliability, and the technological advancement of the power grid has led to a significant increase in complexity of distribution systems. Although multiple devices can be controlled to achieve these objectives during smart grid operation, many proposed algorithms are...

A characterization and classification of sags due to faults in radial systems considering the grounding method of the source using parametric equations and voltage ellipse parameters is presented in this paper. The Clarke's transformation is used to compute parametric equations in the $\alpha\beta$ framework based on the expressions of three phase...

Nowadays, the simulation tools used to perform power system analysis are evolving into the many-core computation era; some of these techniques propose to tear the power system network into several sub-networks (islands) for its parallel processing. The island's detection is an issue considered by the power flow analysis due to management activities...

Poster to illustrate the validation approach.

Oral presentation of ”Visualization of Time-Sequential Simulation for Large Power Distribution Systems”.

Electrical variable visualization has been widely applied to report the performance and effectiveness of novel devices and strategies in utility power distribution systems. Many graphical alternatives are useful to demonstrate critical characteristics of distribution systems such as voltage regulation or power flow. This visualization of electrical...

Integration of wind power plant into power grids introduces power quality problems. The use of Doubly Fed Induction Generator into wind farm cause a distortion of the waveforms of voltage and current. The percentage of harmonic distortion is greater if the number of wind turbines is large. If the simulation model are not defined properly, the harmo...

A study of the impact of the means of grounding on the voltage sag and swell characterization is presented in this paper. Only temporary overvoltages and undervoltages caused by faults are considered. The voltage divider model is employed, and the symmetrical components are used to obtain the phasor voltages at the point of common coupling as funct...

Visualize voltage dips with this app, "voldip". The app shows the phasor representation of voltage dips associated with power systems faults (L-G, L-L, L-L-G, 3PH). I developed this app during my master's and its goal was to facilitate teaching and learning of power quality analysis. Further information can be found in the publications: 10.1109...

This paper presents the A-Diakoptics methodology (Diakoptics based on Actors) for the high performance simulation of microgrids. Microgrids are clusters of loads and microsources that operates within a single controllable system, which provides electricity and heat to its local area even if they get separated from the Distribution System. Several c...

This paper presents the design, implementation and validation of a low coast computational tool, capable of reproducing harmonic signals extracted from a distribution system simulation in real-time. The proposed methodology allows to simulate in real time, signals distorted by harmonics of different frequencies (up to the 15th harmonic). After the...

This paper describes the connection analysis between a wind farm with 21 MW capacity and an energy storage system with the electrical grid. The core of the study is focused on the voltage drop test in a wind farm according to IEC 61400-21 standard which is explained and analyzed. Moreover, the battery sizing and model is explained step by step; lik...

The aim of this study is to present the implementation of a co-simulation methodology to define the hosting capacity when integrating (photovoltaic panels) PVs into a distribution system. The paper introduces the benefits to using DSSim-PC and Matlab as powerful tools when having certain variables such as forecasting estimation, load profiles and i...

This paper proposes an application of an Evolutionary Game Dynamics called Escort Dynamics (ED) for the decentralized load management of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEV). Different from earlier contributions, in the present approach, PEVs work together in a fair scheme in order to provide several ancillary services to the grid: load shifting, active...

The incorporation of renewable energy into large-scale systems exhibits technical problems due to power fluctuations. As an alternative solution to control these fluctuations, an implementation of energy storage systems can be considered. However, an oversizing of storage capacity may cause the project to be non-viable and inefficient. To determine...

This paper describes the design and implementation of GridTeractions, a scalable framework for teaching and testing advanced distribution automation strategies in smart grids. GridTeractions provides a hardware-software platform to interact with online running simulation of distribution systems. The interactive approach leads to fast learning proce...

A novel fault classification method using Wavelet transform and Artificial Neural Networks is presented in this paper. First, Clarke’s transformation is applied to the fault signals in order to obtain the alpha, beta, and zero components. Next, the space-vector magnitude is extracted from alpha and beta components. Then, the Wavelet transform is ap...

The aim of this study is to design and implement an accurate virtual model of a basic feeder protection relay. The work focuses on certain sets of ANSI functions and COMTRADE (Std C37.111) to interact with an online simulation subjects to different fault scenarios. The proposed methodology includes robust synchronization between power system simula...

The aim of this study is to design and implement an accurate virtual model of a basic feeder protection relay. The work focuses on certain sets of ANSI functions and COMTRADE (Std C37.111) to interact with an online simulation subjects to different fault scenarios. The proposed methodology includes robust synchronization between power system simula...

This paper proposes a modeling methodology for implementation of a charging infrastructure of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) within residential distribution systems. Using the feeder daily models, driving patterns, PEVs penetration and charging characteristics, the impact of their connection in the Power Distribution Network (PDN) is determined....

A generalized SVPWM framework is proposed based on the convenient definition of three non-orthogonal static reference frames, alternative to the alpha-beta frame. The definition of these reference frames is exploited in order to get appropriate switching sequences and duty cycles taking into account the redundancy property of constructive vectors....

The aim of this study is to introduce real-time hardware-in-the-loop techniques (RT-HIL) to test and study different protection systems on industrial distribution networks. The advantages of this implementation consist in the possibility to emulate the theoretical coordination results accordingly to the specifications of the real system conditions,...

During network operation, the systematic recon-figuration is usually performed to reduce power losses or to restore the supply under fault conditions. This combinatorial optimization problem has been widely studied for many operational conditions with numerous novel strategies. However, future distribution systems require scalable methods for scena...

During network operation, the systematic reconfiguration is usually performed to reduce power losses or to restore the supply under fault conditions. This combinatorial optimization problem has been widely studied for many operational conditions with numerous novel strategies. However, future distribution systems require scalable methods for scenar...

The increasing research work on power networks has produced important challenges on distribution systems. These multiple advances bring an inevitable need to reshape and modernize teaching methodologies in order to understand the different issues of the smart grid complexity. This paper presents the design and implementation of an interactive platf...

This paper presents the design and implementation of a Distribution System model to assess and validate the grid behavior when Plugged-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) are included. The study evaluates the feasibility of real-time techniques in different scenarios. The advantages of real-time simulations of this type of applications are illustrated with...