Guro Strøm Solli

Guro Strøm Solli
Nord University | HIBO · Sport and Physical Education Programme

PhD

About

50
Publications
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784
Citations

Publications

Publications (50)
Article
Full-text available
This longitudinal study investigated 1) differences in self-reported cycle-related symptom severity and recovery measures (sleep quality, readiness to train, resting heart rate) between pre-bleeding, bleeding, and non-bleeding days in athletes using/not using hormonal contraception (HC); 2) associations between symptom severity and recovery measure...
Article
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a microcycle of high‐intensity interval training (HIT) sessions with multiple short work intervals followed by an active recovery period, compared to a similar duration of regular training, on determinants and indicators of endurance performance in well‐trained cyclists. The participants in t...
Article
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Background Most sex comparisons in endurance sports have been derived from performance-matched groups of female and male athletes competing over similar distances within summer sports. Corresponding analyses of sex differences in winter endurance sports have not previously been conducted. In the Olympic Winter Games (OWG), the endurance sports incl...
Article
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Purpose : To compare designs of training sessions applied by world-class cross-country skiers during their most successful junior and senior season. Methods : Retrospective analysis of self-reported training characteristics (ie, training form, intensity, and exercise mode) among 8 male and 7 female world-class cross-country skiers was conducted. Re...
Article
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Background: In the last decade, a growing body of research has focused on the many aspects and challenges of combining parenthood with elite sport. Although the number of father-athletes is significantly higher than the number of mother-athletes, few studies to date have focused on male athletes’ experiences in a parenting context. Aim: The aims o...
Article
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Purpose : This study investigated sex differences in self-reported causes, symptoms, and recovery strategies associated with underperformance in endurance athletes. Methods : A total of 82 athletes (40 women) meeting the inclusion criteria (performance level ≥tier 3, used training diaries, and experienced 1 or more periods of underperformance durin...
Article
Female athletes frequently perceive performance changes throughout the menstrual cycle (MC). However, if and how the MC influences performance-determining variables remains unclear. Purpose To investigate the effect of the MC and endogenous sex hormone concentrations on performance-determining variables in three distinct MC phases in endurance-tra...
Article
Introduction : The present scientific consensus is that the menstrual cycle (MC) and hormonal contraceptive (HC) cycle only influence performance trivially. Nevertheless, athletes perceive changes in performance that they associate with different phases of their hormonal cycle. Methods : A total of 959 female athletes completed a questionnaire, of...
Article
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Recently, we published self-reported data concerning the perceived effects of the menstrual cycle and hormonal contraceptives on the training and performance of 1086 female athletes participating in 57 sports. However, studies comparing differences between sports with large sample sizes are lacking. The aim of this ancillary study was to compare th...
Article
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Purpose: To compare training characteristics and aerobic power (VO2max) between the most successful junior and senior seasons of world-class cross-country (XC) skiers and to identify differences between sexes and among sprint and distance skiers. Methods: Retrospective analysis was conducted on self-reported training and VO2max tests of ten male an...
Article
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Purpose : To describe and compare the annual physical training characteristics between Norwegian female cross-country (XC) skiers and biathletes across competition levels and age categories. Methods : Daily training sessions for 1 year were recorded for 45 XC skiers and 26 biathletes, comprising international/national team (inter[national]) and non...
Article
Challenges facing mother-athletes (MAs) have aroused research and media attention in recent years, with an increasing number of sportswomen attempting to successfully combine pregnancy and motherhood with an elite athletic career. The aims of this study were to explore how MA-specific challenges manifest in elite cross-country skiing in Scandinavia...
Article
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Background: Elite sport is continuously evolving. World records keep falling and athletes from a longer list of countries are involved. Purpose: This commentary was designed to provide insights into present and future trends associated with world-class endurance training based on the perspectives, experience, and knowledge of an expert panel of...
Article
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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the long-term development of performance, physiological, and training characteristics in a world-class female biathlete, with emphasis on differences between junior and senior athlete seasons. Methods: The participant is a highly decorated female biathlete with 22 (10 gold) medals from interna...
Article
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Objective In this scoping review, we aimed to 1) identify and evaluate existing research that describes the long-term development of training characteristics and performance-determining factors in male and female endurance athletes reaching an elite/international (Tier 4) or world-class level (Tier 5), 2) summarize the available evidence and 3) poi...
Article
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Schmid MA, Solli GS, Talsnes RK and Moen F (2023) Place of residence and coach-athlete relationship predict drop-out from competitive crosscountry skiing. The current study investigated whether factors such as living residence, the coach-athlete working alliance, goal orientation, and intrinsic motivation could explain drop-out, and whether these f...
Article
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Purpose: The concept of training quality reflects that the effect of training is dependent on more than the mere product of training load (e.g., duration, intensity, frequency). The aims of this commentary are to 1) propose a practice-oriented framework to describe training quality and its general and context-dependent characteristics, and 2) discu...
Article
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This study aims to examine sex-based age differences in the Norwegian top soccer league, the relationship between age and performance level, and the presence of the relative age effect (RAE) in the same population of players. Players’ birthdates were obtained from publicly available databases, and the total sample comprised 663 players (231 women,...
Article
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Purpose: To investigate the performance effects of video- and sensor-based feedback for implementing a terrain-specific micropacing strategy in cross-country (XC) skiing. Methods: Following a simulated 10-km skating time trial (Race1) on snow, 26 national-level male XC skiers were randomly allocated into an intervention (n = 14) or control group...
Conference Paper
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Background: Cross-country skiers perform ~90% of their endurance training volumes as low-intensity training (LIT) [1], although the underlying mechanisms of LIT are relatively unexplored in the scientific literature. The present study compared self-selected speeds and corresponding physiological responses and perceived training stress between one l...
Article
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Many female athletes perceive that symptoms related to the menstrual cycle such as dysmenorrhea, premenstrual symptoms, amenorrhea or side-effects of hormonal contraceptives negatively impact their training, performance, and general well-being. Knowledge and communication about female athletes’ health is therefore important in the sport community....
Article
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Female athletes train and compete under the potential influence of hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle or during use of various hormonal contraceptives. Dysmenorrhea and premenstrual symptoms are common in the general population, as well as side effects of hormonal contraceptives. More detailed knowledge concerning prevalence and perce...
Article
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Purpose: To compare self-selected speeds and corresponding physiological responses and perceived training stress between 1 long session versus 2 shorter sessions of low-intensity training (LIT) in 1 day among cross-country skiers. Methods: Thirteen national-level skiers performed 2 different LIT types during classical roller-skiing matched for t...
Article
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Purpose: To describe the performance-related physiological and haematological changes in a well-trained cyclist (peak oxygen uptake, VO2peak: 54.9 ml min⁻¹·kg⁻¹) performing endurance training during pregnancy and postpartum. Methods: Training data was systemized by training form (endurance and resistance), intensity (low- (LIT), moderate-, and high...
Article
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Purpose To investigate the prevalence of hormonal contraceptive (HC) use by female cross-country (XC) skiers and biathletes competing at a national and/or international level, their reasons for HC use, and to compare negative symptoms related to the HC-/menstrual cycle in HC users and non-HC users. Additionally, to characterize the self-perceived i...
Article
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The aim of the present case study is to illuminate the factors contributing to the initiation, maintenance and discontinuation of the dual career of a Norwegian world-class athlete and medicine student. We additionally aimed to highlight contextual factors facilitating and impeding the dual career development. The participant Astrid Uhrenholdt Jaco...
Article
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During the 2022 Winter Paralympic Games in Beijing, the Para snow-sport events will be held at high altitudes and in possibly cold conditions while also requiring adjustment to several time zones. Furthermore, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic may lead to suboptimal preparations. Another concern is the high rate of injuries that have been reported in t...
Article
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Purpose: To examine the influence of menstrual cycle (MC) and hormonal contraceptive (HC) cycle phases on physiological variables monitored during incremental treadmill testing in physically active women (eumenorrheic, EUM = 16 and monophasic HC-users, CHC = 12). Methods: Four running tests to exhaustion were performed at bleeding, mid follicular (...
Article
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The purpose of the present study was to investigate how various laboratory- and field-based tests predict on-snow cross-country (XC) skiing and roller-skiing performance. Thirty-three national-level male XC skiers (19.0±2.5 years, maximal oxygen uptake [VO2max] 70.8±4.7 mL·min⁻¹·kg⁻¹) performed a 13.6-km roller-ski skating competition tracked by a...
Article
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At the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing, the XC skiing, biathlon and nordic combined events will be held at altitudes of ~ 1700 m above sea level, possibly in cold environmental conditions and while requiring adjustment to several time zones. However, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic may lead to sub-optimal preparations. The current commentary provides...
Article
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Purpose: To investigate the training characteristics of world-class long-distance cross-country skiers. Methods: Twelve world-class male long-distance cross-country skiing specialists reported training from their best season, through a questionnaire and follow-up interviews. Training data were systemized by training form (endurance, strength, and s...
Article
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Purpose: To describe heart rate (HR) and blood lactate (Bla −) responses during high-intensity interval training (HIT) in a long-term block-periodized HIT regimen in world-class cross country (XC) skiers. Methods: Data were collected in 14 world-class female XC skiers (aged 25 ± 5 years; body mass, 60.4 ± 6.5 kg; and maximal HR, 194 ± 8 beats · min...
Article
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The purpose of this study was to compare speed, sub-technique selection and temporal patterns between world-class male and female cross-country (XC) skiers and to examine the combined associations of sex and speed on sub-technique selection. Thirty-three XC skiers performed an international 10-km (women; n = 8) and 15-km (men; n = 25) time-trial co...
Article
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Purpose: To investigate changes in self-reported physical fitness, performance, and side effects across the menstrual cycle(MC) phases among competitive endurance athletes and to describe their knowledge and communication with coaches about the MC. Methods: The responses of 140 participants (older than18y)competing in biathlon or cross-country ski...
Article
Purpose: To compare the assessment of the maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) in a traditional graded exercise test (GXT) with a 1-km self-paced running test on a nonmotorized treadmill in men and women. Methods: A total of 24 sport-science students (12 women: age 23.7 [7.7] y, body height 1.68 [0.02] m, body mass 66.6 [4.3] kg; 12 men: 22.1 [3....
Article
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Purpose: To compare the effects of a short specific and a long traditional warm-up on time-trial performance in cross-country skiing sprint using the skating style, as well as related differences in pacing strategy and physiological responses. Methods: In total, 14 (8 men and 6 women) national-level Norwegian cross-country skiers (age 20.4 [3.1]...
Article
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Purpose: To determine body composition, energy availability, training load, and menstrual status in young elite endurance running athletes (ATH) over 1 year, and in a secondary analysis, to investigate how these factors differ between nonrunning controls (CON), and amenorrheic (AME) and eumenorrheic (EUM) ATH. Correlations to injury, illness, and...
Article
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In short-term studies, block periodization of high-intensity training (HIT) has been shown to be an effective strategy that enhances performance and related physiological factors. However, long-term studies and detailed investigations of macro, meso, and micro-periodization of HIT blocks in world-class endurance athletes are currently lacking. In a...
Article
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Purpose: To investigate the factors associated with underperformance and the subsequent changes in training characteristics and supportive actions when returning to the world's best cross-country skier. Methods: The participant is the most decorated winter Olympian, with 8 Olympic gold medals, 18 World Championship titles, and 114 World Cup vict...
Article
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Objectives We investigated sex-based differences in speed, sub-technique selection, and kinematic patterns during low- (LIT) and high-intensity training (HIT) for classical cross-country (XC) skiing across varying terrain. Methods Six male and six female elite XC skiers with an approximately 15% differences in VO2max (men: 68.9±2.9 mL·min⁻¹·kg⁻¹,...
Data
Data and analyses conducted in this study. (XLSX)
Article
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This case-study investigated the training characteristics, physiological capacity, and body composition of the world’s most successful cross country skier during the 40-week pregnancy, and the 61-week postpartum. Training data was systemized by training form (endurance, strength, and speed), intensity [low- (LIT), moderate- (MIT), and high-intensit...
Article
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The main aim of this study was to investigate the training characteristics of the most successful female cross-country skier ever during the best period of her career. The participant won six gold medals at the Olympic Games, 18 gold medals at the World Championship, and 110 World Cup victories. Day-to-day training diary data, interviews, and physi...
Article
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In the present review, we summarize scientific knowledge concerning sex differences in world record performance and the influence of sport discipline and competition duration. In addition, we discuss how physiological factors relate to sex dimorphism. While cultural factors played a major role in the rapid improvement of performance of women relati...
Article
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It has been a long-lasting debate whether the heart's stroke volume (SV) increases at high aerobic intensities or plateau. Further, sex and level of aerobic power are shown to influence the response. The purpose of this study was to investigate the SV at increasing intensities in elite female athletes and moderately trained females. 13 elite athlet...

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