Gurdas S. Sandhu

3DATX Corporation · Science & Technology

Over 50% of new refuse truck sales have been compressed natural gas (CNG). Compared to diesel, CNG is less expensive on diesel gallon equivalent (dge) basis. This study quantifies the real-world fuel use and tailpipe exhaust emissions from three front- and three side-loader refuse trucks, each with a spark ignition CNG engine, three-way catalyst, a...

Diesel refuse trucks have the worst fuel economy of onroad highway vehicles. The real-world effectiveness of recently introduced emission controls during low speed and low engine load driving has not been verified for these vehicles. A portable emission measurement system (PEMS) was used to measure rates of fuel use and emissions on six side-loader...

This report provides summary tables of on-road emissions and fleet averages of over-snow vehicle emissions for EIS scenario modeling. Emission data from newer model snowcoaches and snowmobiles were obtained by direct tailpipe measurements and are now available for modeling. A comparison is made with prior data. Summary values for different categori...

Real-world activity, fuel use, and emissions were measured for three refuse trucks, including one each of heavy-duty diesel front-loader, side-loader, and roll-off configurations. The trucks had engines with model years from 2003 to 2006 with similar emissions controls. Each truck was instrumented for one day of operation with a portable emissions...

Unlabelled: The objectives of this study were to quantify real-world activity, fuel use, and emissions for heavy duty diesel roll-off refuse trucks; evaluate the contribution of duty cycles and emissions controls to variability in cycle average fuel use and emission rates; quantify the effect of vehicle weight on fuel use and emission rates; and c...

Field measurements were made for six front-loader refuse trucks for over 560 miles (901 km) and 47 h of operation using a portable emissions measurement system, electronic control unit data logger, and global positioning system receivers. Daily activity, fuel use rates, and emission rates are quantified in terms of operating mode bins defined by th...

As input to a winter use plan, activity, fuel use, and tailpipe exhaust emissions of over-snow vehicles (OSV), including five snow coaches and one snowmobile, were measured on a designated route in Yellowstone National Park (YNP). Engine load was quantified in terms of Vehicle Specific Power (VSP), which is a function of speed, acceleration, and ro...

Portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS) are useful for quantification of real-world vehicle activity, energy use, and emissions. However, there is no standard methodology for processing PEMS data; this can lead to errors in reported results. PEMS typically include tail-pipe exhaust gas and particle analyzers, Global Positioning System (GPS) r...

Highway vehicles contribute 35% of national annual emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), 61% of CO, and 13% of volatile organic compounds (VOC). NOx, CO, and VOC are precursors to tropospheric ozone formation. Approximately 120 million Americans live in regions violating the ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS).2 Pollution from traffic...

Diesel engines can accommodate biodiesel (BD) without major modifications. Neat biodiesel (B100) is typically blended in a 20:80 and 35:65 volume ratio with ultra low sulfur diesel (ULSD) to create B20 biodiesel (B20) and B35 biodiesel (B35), respectively. The emissions of a rubber tire front end loader for two biodiesel blends in comparison to bas...

Real-world vehicle fuel use and emission rates are sensitive to road grade. There is a need for a practical method for measuring road grade in combination with on-board measurement of vehicle activity, energy use, and emissions using portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS). This paper focuses on quantification of the accuracy and precision of...

The purpose of this study is to assess the robustness of relative comparisons of emission rates between fuels and technologies to differences in real-world duty cycles on the basis of in-use measurements of five heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs). Prior comparisons of biodiesel and ultra-low-sulfur diesel emissions, recent changes in emission stand...

Over-snow vehicles (OSVs) are used in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) during the winter season. The National Park Service (NPS) has developed regulations to allow snow coaches and a limited number of snowmobiles to visit YNP on daily basis, taking into account their impact on the environment. To support the development of a winter use plan for YNP,...

Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) have emerged as a popular tool for measuring the real-world activity, energy use, and emissions of a wide variety of vehicles. PEMS are incorporated as a laboratory experience in courses CE 476/576 Air Pollution Control and CE 479/579 Air Quality, both of which include undergraduates (mostly seniors) an...

The purpose of this work is to compare emissions among an existing fleet of five in-service passenger locomotives. These locomotives have 3,000 hp 2-stroke prime mover engines (PMEs) connected to a direct current generator in order to supply power to the traction motors, and a head-end power (HEP) engine of approximately 600 hp and 4-strokes connec...