Guma Kunda Komey

• B.A Honours, M.A, PhD, PD
• Professor (Associate) at University of Bahri

Our research is about peace agreements with reference to ARCSS and the latter version R-ARCSS, which cast a lot of doubt above implementation of the latter.

Since independence in 1956 the dominant ruling elites projected Sudan as an Arab-Islamic state at the expense of its African and non-Muslim identities. The practical dimension of that early political stance continued to be sustained as manifested in a series of actions taken by the successive governments to the present day. This policy impacted neg...

chapter gives a brief historical and contemporary account of how the Nuba communities in the war torn Sudan managed to survive during the recurring violence and prolonged wars. The focus is on their social and/or spatial mobility as a survival mechanism during the state-induced institutionalized insecurity, recurring wars and violence.The main task...

Following the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) in 2005, a common conviction was that the underlying root causes of Sudan’s protracted civil wars had been accurately diagnosed, comprehensively negotiated, and finally transformed into a set of modalities that would allow for the establishment of nonviolent social orders. The agreeme...

The chapter, first, it provides a bird’s eye view, or generalized picture, of the Nuba Mountains region as social, political and spatial settings shaped by a series of pre-colonial and colonial violent history. Second, it examines how different ruling regimes in the post-colonial Sudan continue to subjugate the Nuba communities through multiple pol...

The paper argues that China has comparative advantage and, therefore, political and diplomatic leverage, to play a catalyst role in realizing durable peace and political stability within and between the two Sudan(s). Without lasting peace, there will be no win-win scenario in any economic cooperation or political relations between the Sudan(s) and...

At the outset, it is worth noting that the Institute for Peace and Security Studies (IPSS) is mandated by African Union with a task of undertaking the intellectual challenge of researching peace and security problems that African continent is experiencing. The IPPS’s mandated role was endorsed by the African Union Executive Council (see Appendix 1)...

The paper highlights some key challenges facing contemporary Africa in peace and security while it attempts to deploy its central concept of “African Solutions to African Problems (Afsol)” in peace and security. The focus is on the South Sudan as a case study. AfSol concept is examined in this study through lens of its key elements of (a) African p...

The paper intends to reposition the question of the current status of the African origins in Afro-Arab states at the centre of the debate on and within Pan-Africanism. However, the paper gives neither a detailed account of their conditions in each state, nor does it cover all the Arab states. Instead, it provides a bird’s eye view, or generalized p...

This paper repositions the question of the status of the African origins in Afro-Arab states at the centre of the debate on and within Pan-African Movement. However, the paper gives neither a detailed account of their conditions in each state, nor does it cover all the Arab states. Instead, it provides a bird’s eye view, or generalized picture, of...

Sudan’s civil war (1983–2005) is the longest and bloodiest conflict in postcolonial Africa. Though land was not a prime factor of the war in southern Sudan, it was one of the key causes of its extension into northern Sudan (see Komey 2009a, 2009b, 2010a, 2010c). As detailed elsewhere (Komey 2010b) the extension of the war from the south to the Nuba...

This paper advances an argument that, instead of promoting national integration and unity through cherishing its normal societal ingredients of socio-cultural, ethnic and religious diversities, the postcolonial Sudanese state resorted to force national unity through uniformity. This false start ossified the processes of nation-building, arrested na...

This chapter, first, it examines the geopolitical significance of the Nuba Mountains as an emerging borderland, in a situation marked by violent conflict, multiple contestations, and rising border tensions along the divide of the two Sudan(s). The focus here is on how the evolving international border facilitates and/or hinders the trajectory of th...

The Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), signed in January 2005, was initially intended to make unity attractive, establish good governance and political stability, and redress multiple grievances related to power-and wealth-sharing and socio-cultural rights of the diverse Sudanese communities and regions. Instead, it consolidated the pre-CPA regim...

Focusing on the war-torn region of the Nuba Mountains, as an emerging borderland, the paper highlights some aspects of the current conflict in the region. The focus is on the emerging territorial and functional oligopolies of violence, coupled with new political and socio-economic organizations and (b)orders/ disorders in the region and beyond.

Sudan’s postindependence history has been marked by the longest civil war in Africa, followed by the separation of the southern part of the country in 2011. Today Sudan is in political disarray, with an uncertain future. It remains a highly contested and dysfunctional state in “perpetual turbulence” (Lesch 1998; Elnur 2009; de Waal 2007). Successiv...

The Sudanese community and the entire world were relieved when the two warring parties, the National Congress Party-led Government of Sudan and the SPLM-A, signed the CPA in January 2005. Although the implementation throughout the six years of the transitional period was riddled with tensions, due to/826/lack of political will and commitment from o...

The paper advances an argument that a cycle of interchanging periods of wet and dry seasons is natural to semi-arid climates, like in Sudan. However, just as these meteorological changes have a large impact on human living conditions, they are also reinforced by human activities and movements. Disputes over access to land, water and other resources...

A cycle of interchanging periods of wet and dry seasons is natural to semi-arid climates, like in Sudan. However, this paper shows that just as these meteorological changes have a large impact on human living conditions, they are also reinforced by human activities and movements. Disputes over access to land, water and other resources frequently le...

Nomaden scheinen aus unserem Alltag fast vollständig verschwunden zu sein. Doch die Abhängigkeit von Mobilität, die Bewältigung finanzieller Unsicherheiten sowie der ausgewogene Umgang mit unserer Umwelt fordern alle, auch ›moderne‹ Gesellschaften heraus. In der Wahrnehmung von Sesshaften verkörpern Nomaden und andere Mobile bis heute allerdings of...

The study recognizes that the current situation between the pastoral Baggara and the sedentary Nuba, of the Nuba Mountains region in Sudan, has been shaped and reshaped by various and cumulative historical and complementary forces. Recent civil war is repressive, with far-reaching and multiple ramifications, not only for the Baggara-Nuba coexistenc...

Health sector is a multi-dimensional key parameter for human development as it contains various indicators that reflect, to large degree, an entire wellbeing and development/ underdevelopment of individual members in a society. The magnitude of health variables in measuring human development worldwide are manifested in the fact that 50% of the Mill...

This study provides an overview of the hibiscus production, processing and trading in the areas of Umm Ruwaba and Er Rahad in North Kordofan in the Sudan. It retraces the supply chain from the local farmer through the small traders up to the companies that process hibiscus locally for sale on larger markets and for export. Additionally, it examines...

The Sudan Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) of 2005 was successful in ending the longest war in contemporary Africa. However, its implementation has been below the expectations of several communities, particularly in the war-torn regions of the Nuba Mountains, the Southern Blue Nile and the Abyei Area, widely referred to as ‘contested’, ‘marginal...

In this chapter, the argument is advanced that the root causes of conflicts in Africa in general, and in the Sudan in particular, are multifaceted; however, at the center of causation to war is the land question. This centrality stems from the fact that access to land is crucial to human survival in agrarian societies. Besides its economic utilitie...

The conventional perspective on Sudan’s recent civil war (1983–2005) - one of the longest and most complex conflicts in Africa - emphasises ethnicity as the main cause. This study, on the contrary, identifies the land factor as a root cause that is central to understanding Sudan’s local conflicts and large-scale wars. Land rights are about relation...

Introduction The underlying root causes of Sudan's civil war, which extended into Southern Kordofan/Nuba Mountains region in 1985, are claimed to have been diagnosed, negotiated and finally transformed into the CPA. Acknowledging the fact that many interwoven causes were behind the eruption of the war, the question of communal customary land rights...

After a long process of peace negotiations the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) was signed on 9 January 2005 between the Government of Sudan (GOS) and the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A). The CPA raised initial hopes that it would be the foundation block for lasting peace in Sudan. As the Sudanese peace agreement reaches a crisi...

The colonial legacies of the African contemporary political units as social, economic and political spaces, and their subsequent multifaceted and far-reaching repercussions, are self-evident. In the aftermath of the political independence and the Cold War, another more spatial arrangements between and or within states took place, with enormous effe...

The paper revolves around the question of communal land rights of the Nuba as self-identified indigenous people of in Sudan. The focus is on their claims of being denied from their communal land rights and of being excluded from development opportunities by the postcolonial Sudanese State when intervening on their own territory under the banner of...

This paper traces and analyzes some socio-political discourses and strategic actions taken by the Nuba of Sudan in response to state exclusionary attitude towards communal land. It explores Nuba's responses to the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) in other to put an end to the civil war that worn out the Nuba for two decades. The analysis revolve...

The current situation of indigenous peoples in the Sudan is the result of the independent state's adoption of land and other policies identical to those introduced by colonialists more than a century ago. The Sudanese state has not only unwittingly maintained some colonial coercive institutions and policies but it has introduced more aggressive one...

In this chapter, the argument is advanced that the root causes of conflicts in Africa in general, and in the Sudan in particular, are multifaceted; however, at the center of causation to war is the land question. This centrality stems from the fact that access to land is crucial to human survival in agrarian societies. Besides its economic utilitie...

The underlying root causes of the Sudan’s civil war − which started in its southern part in 1983 and extended into South Kordofan/Nuba Mountains region in 1985 − were claimed to be diagnosed, negotiated and finally transformed in the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) signed on January 9, 2005. Despite the fact that many interwoven root causes wer...

This work is an ethnographic analysis based on sixteen months fieldwork carried out, in three phases, dllring 2005-2007 in the Nub(1 \1ountClins region, Sudan. It is part of an ongoing larger research project ti tled 'Contested Jlltoch­ thony; land and wClter rights, and the relation of nornadic and sedentary people of South Kordofan / Nuba Mountai...

The regional dimension of national development within a territory of any country is vital for the integration of economic, social and political forces, and in the overall nation-building process. Regional development studies suggest that once development, for whatever reason, starts at a specific spatial point, certain powerful forces make for a sp...