Guinevere O.U. Wogan

Oklahoma State University - Stillwater | Oklahoma State · Department of Integrative Biology

Palaeontologists characterize mass extinctions as times when the Earth loses more than three-quarters of its species in a geologically short interval, as has happened only five times in the past 540 million years or so. Biologists now suggest that a sixth mass extinction may be under way, given the known species losses over the past few centuries a...

Natural history collections provide an immense record of biodiversity on Earth. These repositories have traditionally been used to address fundamental questions in biogeography, systematics, and conservation. However, they also hold the potential for studying evolution directly. While some of the best direct observations of evolution have come from...

Epigenetic changes can provide a pathway for organisms to respond to local environmental conditions by influencing gene expression. However, we still know little about the spatial distribution of epigenetic variation in natural systems, how it relates to the distribution of genetic variation and the environmental structure of the landscape, and the...

Interspecific hybridization may act as a major force contributing to the evolution of biodiversity. Although generally thought to reduce or constrain divergence between two species, hybridization can, paradoxically, promote divergence by increasing genetic variation or providing novel combinations of alleles that selection can act upon to move line...

Hybridization, or interbreeding between different taxa, was traditionally considered to be rare and to have a largely detrimental impact on biodiversity, sometimes leading to the breakdown of reproductive isolation and even to the reversal of speciation. However, modern genomic and analytical methods have shown that hybridization is common in some...

Amphibian ecology and distribution are strongly correlated with climate. Regional patterns of amphibian biodiversity are intimately linked to temperature, evapotranspiration rate, and clines in humidity. While amphibians are and will continue to be adversely affected by recent and projected changes in climate, research suggests that adaptation may...

Southern Africa boasts an extraordinary diversity of birds, posited to have at least in part been driven by a “species pump” model, facilitated by an intermittent arid corridor connecting it with northeast Africa. This arid corridor arose and disappeared in concert with Plio-Pleistocene climate fluctuations, providing a means for northern, primaril...

Avian species diversity in Southern Africa is remarkably high, yet the mechanisms responsible for that diversity are poorly understood. While this is particularly true with respect to species endemic to the subregion, it is unclear as to how more broadly distributed African species may have colonized southern Africa. One process that may in part ac...

As the most threatened vertebrate class on earth, amphibians are at the forefront of the biodiversity crisis, with the recognition of global amphibian declines and extinctions dating back several decades now. The current Amphibian Conservation Action Plan is adopting two strategies to address the goal of the amelioration of the amphibian crisis: th...

Understanding the processes that drive phenotypic diversification and underpin speciation is key to elucidating how biodiversity has evolved. Although these processes have been studied across a wide array of clades, adaptive radiations (ARs), which are systems with multiple closely related species and broad phenotypic diversity, have been particula...

The evolution of costly signalling traits has largely focused on male ornaments. However, our understanding of ornament evolution is necessarily incomplete without investigating the causes and consequences of variation in female ornamentation. Here, we study the Anolis lizard dewlap, a trait extensively studied as a male secondary sexual characteri...

Burmese Japalure Japalura sagittifera has most recently been assessed for The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in 2017. Japalura sagittifera is listed as Data Deficient.

It is listed as Least Concern on the basis that, although its forest habitat is under pressure from varied human activities throughout its range, it occurs over a wide area and is not thought to be declining fast enough to warrant listing in a more threatened category.

Conservation status of Varanus rudicollis

Conservation status of Varanus dumerilii

Southern Africa is remarkably rich in avian species diversity; however, the evolutionary and biogeographic mechanisms responsible for that diversity are, in general, poorly understood, and this is particularly true with respect to the many species that are endemic or near-endemic to the region. Here, we used mtDNA to assess genetic structure in thr...

available at https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/178214/113138439

Understanding how geographic and environmental heterogeneity drive local patterns of genetic variation is a major goal of ecological genomics and a key question in evolutionary biology. The tropical Andes and inter‐Andean valleys are shaped by markedly heterogeneous landscapes, where species experience strong selective processes. We examined genome...

This species is distributed in Chin State in Myanmar, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Mizoram, and Manipur) in India, eastern Bhutan (Mongar, Lhuentse), and southern China (Das 2010, Das and Das 2017). In Myanmar, recent records also exist from Kachin and Saigang States in Myanmar (G. Wogan, unpubl. data). Records have been taken from 573 to more than...

Archipelagoes serve as important 'natural laboratories' which facilitate the study of island radiations and contribute to the understanding of evolutionary processes. The white-eye genus Zosterops is a classical example of a 'great speciator', comprising c. 100 species from across the Old World, most of them insular. We achieved an extensive geogra...

Environments are heterogeneous in space and time, and the permeability of landscape and climatic barriers to gene flow may change over time. When barriers are present, they may start populations down the path toward speciation, but if they become permeable before the process of speciation is complete, populations may once more merge. In Southern Af...

Adaptive radiation plays a fundamental role in our understanding of the evolutionary process. However, the concept has provoked strong and differing opinions concerning its definition and nature among researchers studying a wide diversity of systems. Here, we take a broad view of what constitutes an adaptive radiation, and seek to find commonalitie...

Red List Data/ Conservation Status for Scincella punctatolineata

Red List Data/ Conservation Status for Cyrtodactylus peguensis

Red List Data/ Conservation Status for Cnemaspis siamensis

Red List Data/ Conservation Status for Cyrtodactylus oldhami

Red List Data/ Conservation Status for Scincella melanosticta

Red List Data/ Conservation Status for Scincella doriae

Red List Data/ Conservation Status for Bronchocela burmana

Western North America includes the California Floristic Province and the Pacific Northwest, biologically diverse regions highlighted by a complex topography, geology, climate and history. A number of animals span these regions and show distinctive patterns of dispersal, vicariance and lineage diversification. Examining phylogeographic patterns in t...

We used Massively Parallel High-Throughput Sequencing to obtain genetic data from a 145-year old holotype specimen of the flying lizard, Draco cristatellus . Obtaining genetic data from this holotype was necessary to resolve an otherwise intractable taxonomic problem involving the status of this species relative to closely related sympatric Draco s...

ND2 sequence data for members of the Draco fimbriatus group plus 13 mitochondrial sequence reads obtained from the D. cristatellus holotype This file includes ND2 sequence data obtained via traditional Sanger sequencing for 39 individuals representing Draco cristatellus, D. fimbriatus, D. hennigi, D. punctatus, and D. maculatus, plus 183 base pairs...

We used Massively Parallel High-Throughput Sequencing to obtain genetic data from a 145-year old holotype specimen of the flying lizard, Draco cristatellus. Obtaining genetic data from this holotype was necessary to resolve an otherwise intractable taxonomic problem involving the status of this species relative to closely related sympatric Draco sp...

We used Massively Parallel High-Throughput Sequencing to obtain genetic data from a 145-year old holotype specimen of the flying lizard, Draco cristatellus . Obtaining genetic data from this holotype was necessary to resolve an otherwise intractable taxonomic problem involving the status of this species relative to closely related sympatric Draco s...

Invasions of poisonous species can cause rapid population declines among native fauna because predators are naïve and often vulnerable to these toxins. The recent invasion of Madagascar by the poisonous Asian common toad, Duttaphrynus melanostictus, has sparked international attention (Kolby, 2015), as well as research and conservation efforts to p...

When the drivers of biological turnover in space are the same as those that drive turnover through time, space can be substituted for time to model how patterns of variation are predicted to change into the future. These space-for-time substitutions are widely used in ecological modeling but have only recently been applied to the study of microevol...

Historical tissue collections represent potential resources for temporal genetic studies in evolutionary and conservation biology. Unfortunately, DNA from historical samples stored without modern genetic analyses in mind, such as frozen allozyme homogenates, are often degraded and contaminated with PCR inhibitors. Here, we report the successful use...

The black-spined toad, Duttaphrynus melanostictus, is widespread in South and South-East (SE) Asia, although recent molecular analyses have revealed that it represents a species complex (here called the D. melanostictus complex). Invasive populations of this toad have been detected in Madagascar since, at least, 2014. We here trace the origin of th...

The global trade inamphibians iswidespread, involves hundreds of species, andhas been implicated in amphibian population declines. Thepet trade is the primary driver for populationdeclines inone Southeast Asian newt species (Laotriton laoensis), and is aknown threat to most of the 13 other known species from the region. Despite this, there has been...

Species boundaries within the African Batises, small forest and savanna dwelling insectivorous birds, remain a challenge given complex distributions of plumage, call, and eye color phenotypes throughout their distributional range. The relatively recent delineation of two species within Batis mixta: B. mixta and Batis crypta based on morphological a...

A primary assumption of environmental niche models (ENMs) is that models are both accurate and transferable across geography or time; however, recent work has shown that models may be accurate but not highly transferable. While some of this is due to modeling technique, individual species ecologies may also underlie this phenomenon. Life history tr...

The 19 Bioclim variables used in this study (obtained from WorldClim at 30 arc second resolution). (DOC)

Accuracy, validation, transferability, and mismatch statistics for each species. (DOC)

The Asian common toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus) is a human commensal species that occupies a wide variety of habitats across tropical Southeast Asia. We test the hypothesis that genetic variation in D. melanostictus is weakly associated with geography owing to natural and human-mediated dispersal facilitated by its commensal nature. Phylogenetic...

Adaptation to different thermal environments has the potential to cause evolutionary changes that are sufficient to drive ecological speciation. Here, we examine whether climate-based niche divergence in lizards of the Plestiodon skiltonianus species complex is consistent with the outcomes of such a process. Previous work on this group shows that a...

Table S3. Specimen data used in these analyses.

Methods S1. Niche Models and niche differentiation. Results S1. Detailed results from paleo‐distributions and spatial overlap analyses. Results S2. Detailed results from niche differentiation tests. Figure S1. Niches and Niche Dynamics. Figure S2. Correlative niche models current and paleo distributions. Figure S3. Niche Overlap. Table S1. Bi...

Human impacts have left and are leaving distinctive imprints in the geological record. Here we show that in North America, the human-caused changes evident in the mammalian fossil record since c. 14,000 years ago are as pronounced as earlier faunal changes that subdivide Cenozoic epochs into the North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). Accordingly...

The Robin-chats (Muscicapidae: Cossypha) are distributed across sub-saharan Africa with many species restricted to small fragments of Afromontane forest. Several species have decreasing population trends, so demographic data and landscape genetic data for these species will be essential for conservation management. Here we develop 23 microsatellite...

The Fiscal Flycatcher, Sigelus silens, is the only representative of a monotypic genus, endemic to Southern Africa, and may represent two cryptic species. Here we describe the development of thirteen microsatellite markers, and characterize polymorphism for each one. We found that all but one of our 13 loci were highly variable, each having five or...

Population declines and extinctions of amphibians have been attributed to the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), especially one globally emerging recombinant lineage ('Bd-GPL'). We used PCR assays that target the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of Bd to determine the prevalence and genetic diversity of Bd in Sout...

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