Gürkan Alp Kağan Gürdil

Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi · Department of Agricultural Machines and Technologies Engineering

The geographical conditions of Azerbaijan have provided a favourable environment for planting all kinds of agricultural products. Therefore, in recent years, paying attention to the potential of biomass resources has been the subject of increasing research and discussions in this country. This study aimed to estimate the amount of biomass energy th...

Renewable energy sources are alternative fuel types that are environmentally friendly, healthy and can be used continuously as a solution to the harmful effects of fossil fuels on the environment and the problem of depletion of these fuels. Biomass, which is the residue of agricultural activity or a direct agricultural product, can be converted int...

One of the main contaminant in animal houses is ammonia. As being a greenhouse gas ammonia emission from animal houses influence the atmospheric environment which then triggers global warming. A calculation method for predicting gas production of ammonia rate inside an animal house is developed. This method is based on mass balance equilibrium. Rel...

Dairy farms are an essential component of livestock production in Turkey. This article aims to show the current situation on these dairy farms and incredibly show the technical and operational conditions in milking technology. We researched 32 dairy farms with 6 to 681 lactating dairy cows. The milking technology on these farms corresponds to the u...

Turkey imports a considerable part of its energy means from abroad. This creates a huge burden on the national economy. Turkey can be considered as poor in fossil fuel resources, but rich in renewable energy sources. Biomass is one these renewable energy sources which comes from various agricultural production lasting whole year due to four seasons...

Türkiye has a big potential of hazelnut residues, especially the husks that is not used for any purposes. It is estimated that 200.000 tons of husk residue is produced per year after hazelnut harvesting. Biomass became very popular since it is alternative source of energy and provides employment facilities in rural areas. Briquetting is the most wi...

The paper presented is dedicated to investigation of the temperature-humidity index (THI) and its impacts on the performance parameters of dairy cattle. These parameters were recorded at four farms in the central Slovakia; the experiments took place three years. These parameters comprised milking time, time spent in the milking box, and connection...

ABSTRACT: Embracing the idea of recycling wastes or changing waste to energy and other materials is an indispensable choice for sustainable development, and it is also a principal waste management mechanism. In whole world huge amount of wastes produced after harvesting. Those wastes can be a good source for alternative energy, new material like bi...

This study aimed to estimate the amount of biomass energy that can be acquired from crop residues in Eritrea, a country in the horn of Africa with a population of 6 million and having a national income per capita is around 150 US dollars. It’s an agricultural country. The energy potential of crop residues was calculated by considering the calorific...

Aims: This study evaluates the biofuel potential of mandarin orchard pruning residues in the form of pellets. Methods and Results: Pellets were produced at M10 (8 – 10%) moisture content, from three different particle sizes (ground by sieves having 4, 6 and 8 mm). Some thermal and physical-mechanical properties of the pellets were studied and check...

Pelleted fertiliser production represents improvements in fertiliser management and ensures several benefits, such as a more accurate dosing (less applications), the slow-release of long-lasting nutrients, the possible application during the whole year, easier storage and transportation and better separation of fertilisers and pesticides. The prese...

This study examined the utilization of residues from the production of hazelnuts as a source of biofuel. The residues were briquetted using a hydraulic briquetting machine with a horizontal course. Solid cylindrical briquettes were produced with two different compression pressures (P: 80 MPa and 160 MPa), moisture contents (M: 8%-10% and 13%-15%) a...

Aims: This study examined the flue gas emissions of bio-briquettes produced from agricultural residues. Methods and Results: The briquettes were produced from residues of tea (Camellia sinensis) processing plants, pruning residues of persimmon (Diospyros kaki), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) stalk and pruning residues of peach (Prunus persica) tree....

Aims: This study examined the flue gas emissions of bio-briquettes produced from agricultural residues.Methods and Results: The briquettes were produced from residues of tea (Camellia sinensis) processing plants, pruning residues of persimmon (Diospyros kaki), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) stalk and pruning residues of peach (Prunus persica) tree....

Uniaxial loading and organic solvent are small-scale oil expression methods used to evaluate the mechanical behavior, oil content, and oil efficiency of oil-bearing materials aimed at designing a low-cost mechanical pressing system. Bulk kernels of pressing height 40 mm were heated from 40 to 60 °C and compressed at maximum force of 60 kN and speed...

Tavukçuluk ülkemiz için önemli bir ekonomik uğraş alanıdır. Bu sektörün önemi, insan beslenmesine olan katkısı (tavuk eti ve yumurta), insanlarımıza iş olanaklarının sağlanması ve dış satıma bağlı olarak milli gelirimize katkısına bağlıdır. Ülkemiz tavukçuluk sektörü, dünya ülkeleri arasında ilk 10 ülke arasında yer almaktadır. Bu sektörün sağladığ...

Using the uniaxial compression process, the mechanical behaviour of densified briquettes from ground sunflower stalks and hazelnut husks was studied under different forces (100, 200, 300, and 400 kN), particle sizes (0, 3, 6, and 10 mm), and moisture contents (sunflower; 11.23%, 14.44%, and 16.89% w.b.) and (hazelnut; 12.64%, 14.83%, and 17.34% w.b...

Indoor temperatures especially in hot climate regions, can reach very high values in closed agricultural areas such as in greenhouses and in poultry houses in summer. This causes heat stress for animals and plants. Higher indoor temperatures can also be fatal. Thus, cooling is indispensable in those closed production structures. A smart and practic...

As we are living in the technology age, we are all dependent on energy. It is known that we will face with fossil fuel shortage in the coming future therefore; any kind of alternative ener-gy source is needed. Biomass obtained from agricultural residues can be a good example of it since a big potential is there everywhere. In this study, fuel briqu...

The present study examined the effects of heating and freezing pretreatments on the mechanical, chemical, and spectral characteristics of sunflower seeds and oil under a linear compression process involving a universal compression-testing machine and a pressing vessel of diameter 60 mm with a plunger. The heating temperatures ranged from 40 to 80 •...

The effects of different drying temperatures (50, 60, 70 °C) on the quality of rose (Rose electron) petals were evaluated in this study. Drying time decreased from 1680 s to 600 s with increased infrared temperature. The temperature and time were increased from 50 °C to 70 °C and 30 min to 60 min, respectively, and a decrease in the fruit color qua...

The objective of this study is to determine the agricultural residues potential regarding type and quantity in Sudan. Sudan was divided into six main regions. The amounts of crops cultivated in Sudan in tons of dry matter per year, were calculated and estimated using production data crops with Food and Agriculture Organization Statistical Databases...

The objective of this study is to determine the agricultural residues potential regarding type and quantity in Sudan. Sudan was divided into six main regions. The amounts of crops cultivated in Sudan in tons of dry matter per year, were calculated and estimated using production data crops with Food and Agriculture Organization Statistical Databases...

This paper deals with a research focused on utilization of microparticle and short-fiber filler based on cotton post-harvest line residues in an area of polymeric composites. Two different fractions of the biological filler (FCR—reinforced cotton filler) of 20 and 100 µm and the filler with short fibers of a length of 700 µm were used in the resear...

The study compared the energy consumption (J) of briquettes produced from the ground and unground hazelnut husks using a universal compacting machine and a pressing chamber of 60 mm diameter with a plunger. Other parameters evaluated were deformation (mm), thickness (mm) and hardness (kN/mm). The analysis of variance results proved that the applied...

The aim of this study was to determine biogas amount and the energy value produced from animal manure in Samsun province, Turkey. For this purpose, biogas potential was calculated considering the number of cattle, buffalo and laying hens in the province. Samsun has a total of about 300 thousand cattle, 18 thousand buffalo, and 1.4 million laying he...

This study examined the peach tree pruning residues for solid biofuel purposes. The residues were briquetted using a hydraulic briquetting machine with a horizontal course. Solid cylindrical briquettes were produced under four different compression pressures (P: 40, 80, 120 and 160 MPa), with moisture contents (M10: 8%-10% and M15: 13%-15%) and par...

: In this study, the effects of layers formed by the mixture of grass, woodchips, leaves and cardboard on water holding capacity were investigated. Four different mixtures for layers were prepared. The layer was established in 12 weeks as specified in ČSN EN 14045 standards. The moisture content of the mixtures ranged from 47% to 48% and the C:N ra...

This study analyzed the surface smoothness of some fuel briquettes produced from hazelnut, corn and sunflower residues. The residues were briquetted with different particle sizes (PS: 2-5 mm and 7-10 mm) under 80 MPa and 160 MPa. The surface smoothness of them were analyzed by image analyze from their high quality photos. In conclusion, it’s seen o...

Briquetting of ground hazelnut husks and sunflower stalks was examined to determine the energy requirement, deformation, thickness and hardness. Four compression forces from 100, 200, 300 to 400 kN and a single speed of 5 mm/min were applied using the universal compression-testing equipment and a vessel diameter of 60 mm with a plunger. The results...

This study analyzed the performance of a pelleting machine with man-ually feeder and with a horizontal rotating matrix. Hazelnut husk residue obtained after hazelnut harvesting is used as material. The residues were pelleted at M10 moisture content and with 6 mm particle sizes. Physical properties (bulk density, pellet density, mechanical duration...

The demand for energy increased rapidly as the population of the world increases. Exhausting of fossil fuels day by day and high CO2 emissions from them have forced human beings for a new energy sources. Renewable energy is one of the most important alternative energy sources since its environmental friendly and sustainable. Biofuel plays an import...

Turkey’s energy status mainly depends on imported resources such as oil and natural gas. Such imported resources create extra load on the country’s economy and cause an important problem on its development. Despite being a poor country in terms of fossil fuel, Turkey has rich renewable energy sources. In this study, hazelnut husks were used as an a...

This study analyzed the surface smoothness of some fuel briquettes produced from hazelnut, corn and sunflower residues. The residues were briquetted with different particle sizes (PS: 2-5 mm and 7-10 mm) under 80 MPa and 160 MPa. The surface smoothness of them were analyzed by image analyze from their high quality photos. In conclusion, it's seen o...

The objective of this study is to determine the agricultural residues potential regarding types, quantities, and mapping in The Black Sea Region of Turkey. The Black Sea Region consists of 18 provinces in the north of Turkey. The amounts of residues from the agricultural crops cultivated in Turkey, in tons of dry matter per year, were calculated an...

This study is aimed to determine the biomass potential and the energy value, being produced from agricultural residues in Samsun province. Samsun is a province of Turkey in the Black Sea region. Samsun province has 17 districts. The amounts of residues from the agricultural crops cultivated in Samsun province were calculated using production data o...

This paper aimed at the determination of the deformation energy of some bulk oilseeds or kernels namely oil palm, sunflower, rape and flax in linear pressing applying the trapezoidal rule which is characterized by the area under the force and deformation curve.The bulk samples were measured at the initial pressing height of 60 mm with the vessel di...

Dünyada enerji giderlerinin gittikçe artması nedeniyle ülkeler fosil yakıt yerine, yenilenebilir enerji kaynağı olan tarımsal atıkların değerlendirilmesiyle elde edilen pelet üretimi ve kullanımıyla kırsal bölge ekonomilerinin canlandırılması sağlamaktadır. Türkiye dünya fındık üretiminde birinci sırada bulunmaktadır. Karadeniz Bölgesinde tarımsal...

Due to increasing energy costs in the world, the production and use of pellets obtained by evaluation of agricultural wastes provide a revitalization of rural economies in countries that prefers renewable energy instead of fossil fuels. Turkey ranks first in world hazelnut production. It will be appropriate to reuse the residues of agricultural pro...

In this study evaluation possibilities of hazelnut husk agricultural residue as a solid bio-fuel in the form of pellets were investigated, which comes out of hazelnut production every year in our country. Researches were done with the material at ≤ %12 moisture content and with 10 mm particle size. Optimum pelleting parameters for hazelnut husk res...

Mobile public bazaar is an important part of our culture in Turkey. This bazaar settles down every day in a certain place of the towns or city districts in Turkey. Turkey has 81 provinces and 957 towns in total and a public bazaar settles down in a town every day. If you take into consideration the number of towns, theoretically 957 mobile public b...

zet: Dünya nüfusunun hızla yükselmesi enerjiye olan gereksinimi artırmıştır. Fosil yakıtların tükenebilir olması ve atmosfere saldıkları yüksek CO 2 salınımı sebebiyle insanoğlu yeni enerji kaynakları arayışına girmiştir. Yenilenebilir enerji, çevreci ve sürdürebilir olması bakımından günümüzde en önemli alternatif enerji kaynaklarından biridir. Ye...

Özet: Enerjinin önemini her geçen gün biraz daha fazla hissettirdiği günümüzde, tarımsal faaliyetler sonucu açığa çıkan tarımsal atıkların değerlendirilerek briket haline getirilmesi, geleneksel fosil yakıtlara alternatif bir yakıt kaynağı oluşturacağı düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Samsun'da tarımsal faaliyetler sonucu açığa çıkan fındık zurufu, m...

Teknolojik gelişmeler ve daha çağdaş yaşama arzusuyla enerji kaynakları insanoğlu tarafından hızla tüketilmektedir. Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de de enerji kaynaklarına olan talep her geçen gün artmaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu sorun insanoğlunu farklı ve alternatif enerji elde edilebilecek kaynak arayışlarına yöneltmektedir. Biyokütlede, günümüzde petrole alte...

This article is focused on the determination of the mechanical behaviour of several layers of plant seeds namely; garden pea (Pisum sativum L.), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), common sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) seeds under compression loading. The results from the experiment showed that during compressio...

Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia L.) belongs to most deserved and important cash-crops in tropical regions. This paper presents the results of testing basic methods of vanilla processing, especially drying and storage. There are well known problems related to mechanical properties while processing and storing. The effects of soaked and non-soaked, conve...

This article is focused on the utilization of tangent curve for description of mechanical behaviour of pressed mixture under compression loading. The aim of this experiment was to determine the general equation describing deformation characteristics of pressed mixtures under compression loading and to verify this equation. The experiment was carrie...

The paper is focused on comparison of experimental and simple theoretical method of determination of loading capacity depending on bevel angle of wooden bonded scarf joint. The Mohr's circle principle, thus shear stress dependence on normal stress, is used for loading capacity formula derivation. It has been established that for random bevel angle...

Experiments were carried out to determine required energy for pressing Jatropha curcas L. seeds (IPB2 variety from Indonesia), at three stages of fruits maturity, i.e. green (unripe), yellow (ripe) and brown (over-ripe), using two pressing techniques (cold 20 °C and hot 60 °C). Relationships between the pressing force and absolute seed deformation,...

Solid biofuels are preferred as alternative source of energy in recent years. Although it’s not yet popular in Turkey but, there’s a big potential concerning agricultural residues. With the depletion of fossil fuels world wide researches for alternative energy sources especially exertion for obtaining the energy from agricultural non-food products...

Ammonia is the major air contaminant in poultry houses. Ammonia emissions from animal houses influence the atmospheric environment, since aerial ammonia is one of the so called greenhouse gases and has a negative effect on vegetation and ecosystems. There are many researches on ammonia emissions from the animal houses but, there aren't such many re...

The growth in the use of biodiesel has opened other areas of utilizing liquid wastes from the manufacture of rape seed oil methyl ester (FARME) as an energy source. The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of utilizing liquid material wastes from the production of FARME. This study is focused on the evaluation of thermal properties of FAR...

With the depletion of fossil energy sources in sight, the importance of renewable sources of energy becomes one of the major conditions for permanently sustainable development not only in agriculture, but also in society as a whole. The main purpose of this paper is to provide necessary information about energy production of heat processed from agr...

The ventilation, which is made with help of windows, doors and other air inlets and outlets without using an air mover such as fans is called natural ventilation. Natural ventilation depends on wind force and thermal buoyancy. This study was carried out in a laying hen house in northern part of Turkey, at the coast of Black Sea. Wind velocity, air...

Biomass makes an important potential alternative to fossil fuel by the heating process. There is no possibility of using biofuels without a judgment of their influence on environment. Knowledge of biomass burning characteristics is also very important before its use. This study was mainly focused on gas emissions of briquette biofuels. Burned fuels...

Solid recovered fuels are fuels produced directly or indirectly from the biomass. Main goal of this work is to analyze some selected solid recovered fuels from agricultural wastes which were in form of briquettes. They were analyzed in order to find out chemical and stoichiometric composition and energy balance. Technical standard ČSN EN 13229 “Ins...

ABSTRACT: This review presents the application and use of infrared thermography (IRT) in production animals. IRT is a non-invasive and non-contact heat detecting technology. An infrared camera measures the emitted infrared radiation from an object and then uses this information to create images (thernograms). These thermograms are evaluated by a sp...

This article describes basic methods of loose materials storage. There are well known problems induced of mechanical properties of mixtures of loose components while storing. This article is focused on equations describing mechanical behavior of such materials and methods of loose materials mechanical properties testing.

Biomass makes an important potential during alteration of fossil fuel by heating process. There is no possibility of using bio-fuels without a judgment of their influence to environment. Knowledge of biomass burning characteristics is also very important before its use. This study is mainly focused on gas emissions of briquette bio-fuels. Burned fu...