Günter K. Stahl

Vienna University of Economics and Business (WU Vienna)

Previous research on the role of cultural diversity in teams is equivocal, suggesting that cultural diversity's effect on teams is mediated by specific team processes, and moderated by contextual variables. To reconcile conflicting perspectives and past results, we propose that cultural diversity affects teams through process losses and gains assoc...

Asubstantive body of theory and research on the role of culture in mergers and acquisitions (M&A) suggests that cultural differences can create major obstacles to achieving integration benefits. However, the opposite view---that differences in culture between merging firms can be a source of value creation and learning---has also been advanced and...

Responsible leadership has emerged as a major theme in academic and practical management discourse. In this paper we provide an overview and synthesis of existing and emerging research on responsible leadership and propose a unifying framework for explaining leaders' propensity to engage in two types of socially responsible behavior: "do good" and...

The results of a content analysis of 1141 articles published in the Journal of International Business Studies over a 24-year time period (1989–2012) reveal that a pervasive tendency exists in the international business (IB) literature towards emphasizing the adverse outcomes associated with cultural differences more than the positive effects. We ar...

The discussion on business responsibilities for human rights is thriving – although, surprisingly, predominantly outside of the International Business (IB) field. This article introduces business and human rights (BHR) as a research area with great potential for IB scholars. IB scholarship has much to offer when it comes to better understanding the...

A decade ago, we published the first version of this reading that held up both Nooyi and Ghosn as exemplars of multiculturalism (Fitzsimons, Miska, & Stahl, 2011). At that time, we only considered the potential benefits of multiculturalism. Now, we take a more critical eye to considering the potential double-edged sword nature of multiculturalism....

Grand societal challenges (GSCs) represent complex, multi‐level, multi‐dimensional problems that require concerted efforts by various actors – public, private, and nonprofit – to be successfully addressed. Businesses – alone or in conjunction with governmental and nonprofit organizations – are relevant actors in this regard, as they represent a sou...

Management researchers rely frequently on theoretical perspectives originating in North American and European contexts. Given the influences context has on scholarship, the question becomes if using primarily Western theories provides researchers with the design insights needed to capture the robust context of the setting in which they conduct thei...

Global migration has always impacted individuals, organizations, and societies, but the attention given to migration in international business and management (IB/IM) has not been commensurate with its importance. In this article we detail why a focus on migration is needed, how this topic has been addressed so far in the field, and especially how i...

Our 2010 Journal of International Business Studies article, “Unraveling the Effects of Cultural Diversity in Teams: A Meta-analysis of Research on Multicultural Work Groups,” attempted to take stock of existing research on cultural diversity in teams, to reconcile conflicting perspectives and past results, and provide a better understanding of the...

Understanding the complex and multi-faceted connections between organizational diversity and CSR requires that we go beyond simply noting the percentages of women and minorities employed by an organization or serving on a board of directors. We need to understand the likely effects of diversity at different levels of the organization (e.g., top man...

Today’s societies face grand challenges, many of them global in scope. They range from environmental climate change and digitalization to ecosystem disruption and dramatic upsurge of socially divisive forces. The scale, difficulty, non-linear dynamics and complexities of these transition problems are such that no one entity, discipline or social se...

Ensuring principle-driven, legally sound, and ethically acceptable behavior in the global context is not an easy task for leaders. They face the requirement of meeting the needs and expectations of a diverse set of stakeholders. They are increasingly called on to protect, preserve, and restore the resources of the environment. They are expected to...

In this chapter we suggest that globalization of businesses brings with it three new challenges that teams need to face. These include an increase in the number of internal and external stakeholders to manage; the need to interact across more and different types of boundaries; and an increasing necessity to integrate local responsiveness and global...

Corporate social responsibility (henceforth, CSR) continues to grow as a topic of interest in academia, business, and government. This handbook reflects recent developments in the field, incorporating new psychological and organizational perspectives on this important, interdisciplinary topic. Highlights of the handbook include chapters by leading...

This paper focuses on the increased pressure for corporations to engage in corporate sustainability (CS) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) in order to address the current crisis of confidence in business, align their activities with the needs and expectations of a broader set of stakeholders, and help tackle the world's grand challenges. We...

We renew an exchange of letters from 2008 regarding the meaning of responsible leadership, which applies to senior executives of firms as they attempt to engage in corporate social responsibility. An interesting aspect to this discussion is that, depending on one’s theoretical perspective, responsible leadership can be defined in multiple, somewhat...

In this chapter we suggest that globalization of businesses brings with it three new challenges that teams need to face. These include an increase in the number of internal and external stakeholders to manage; the need to interact across more and different types of boundaries; and an increasing necessity to integrate local responsiveness and global...

In this article, we review the limited but growing body of research on international skilled migrants and examine to what extent knowledge generated in adjacent research streams—specifically, work on assigned and self‐initiated expatriates—can be meaningfully applied to aid our understanding of the challenges, coping strategies, and acculturation d...

We examine the moderating role of the situational and organizational contexts in determining unethical managerial behavior, applying the case-survey methodology. On the basis of a holistic, multiple-antecedent perspective, we hypothesize that two key constructs, moral intensity and situational strength, help explain contextual moderating effects on...

This paper takes stock of the literature on culture in International Business by looking back in terms of evaluating what we know and what we do not know; and looking forward by identifying emerging trends and outlining avenues for future research. Unresolved issues, gaps and limitations include: (1) narrow conceptualization of culture and fragment...

It is well established that people are more likely to act in a self-serving manner towards those dissimilar to themselves. Less well understood is how people actively shape perceptions of dissimilarity towards victims in order to minimize their own discomfort. In this paper, we introduce the concept of Motivated Dissimilarity Construal (MDC) – the...

We argue that a perceived misalignment between a multinational corporation's espoused values and how those values are lived in the subsidiary has detrimental effects on group outcomes, specifically groups’ affective organizational commitment. Using data from 1760 work groups in the foreign subsidiaries of a large European MNC, we find support to ou...

Creating and building trust is the next interpersonal skill we find most critical for global competency. Here we establish the importance of trust in global management through an analysis of trust issues encountered recently by Ford and Firestone. We then look at the theoretical foundations for trust before we focus on how global managers can creat...

The expatriate adjustment research literature has grown enormously since the late 1970s, and the trend seems to be continuing unabated as the field moves into the new millennium. Thus, it seems both timely and prudent to pause and take stock of the nature of this growth and the implications that it holds for future research and practice in the fiel...

This article provides a conceptual framework for studying the influence of mood on managerial ethical decision making. We draw on mood-congruency theory and the affect infusion model to propose that mood influences managerial ethical decision making through deliberate and conscious assessments of the moral intensity of an ethical issue. By accounti...

Purpose - With the steady increase in the number of female expatriates and multinational corporations’ (MNCs’) pressing need for global female talent, understanding the factors that attract and retain female expatriates is urgent. Drawing from the literatures on gender differences in (domestic) labor turnover and gender differences in social networ...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to encourage scholars to look at commonly considered phenomena in international business and cross-cultural research in new ways and to theorize and explore how cultural diversity, distance, and foreignness create value for global organizations. These considerations should result in a more balanced treatment of...

Highly publicized scandals and increased stakeholder activism for sustainable development have resulted in calls for more responsible global leadership. At the same time, emerging economies characterized by weak institutions, political instability, and a shaky rule of law have gained in importance for global business. Under the lens of responsible...

This publication contains reprint articles for which IEEE does not hold copyright. Full text is not available on IEEE Xplore for these articles.

Highly publicized scandals and increased stakeholder activism for sustainable development have resulted in calls for more responsible global leadership. At the same time, emerging economies characterized by weak institutions, political instability, and a shaky rule of law have gained in importance for global business. Under the lens of responsible...

At the organizational level, professional migrants are considered an important part of the global talent pool that contributes to the competitive advantage of firms. Despite this insight, the role that companies play in managing international, skilled migrants and the impact of organizational context on the processes of acculturation and identity n...

Exploring the construct of social-responsibility orientation across three Asian and two Western societies (Germany, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, and the United States), we show evidence that top-level executives in these societies hold fundamentally different beliefs about their responsibilities toward different stakeholders, with concomitant imp...

What drives Chinese MNEs’ global CSR integration and local CSR responsiveness? Drawing on institutional theory, we argue that both antecedents reflecting globally isomorphic patterns of adaptation and antecedents mirroring the distinct characteristics of China’s institutional context are relevant. We support our argument using fuzzy-set qualitative...

The point of departure for the special issue is that current theory and research in international business (IB) may have overly emphasized a negative view on foreignness, distance, and differences of all kinds (national, cultural, organizational , and institutional), with an emphasis on liabilities and adverse outcomes associated with such differen...

This article reports the development and validation of a theory-based, short form measure of cultural intelligence (SFCQ). The SFCQ captures the original theoretical intent of a multifaceted culture general form of intelligence that is related to effective intercultural interactions. The validity of the scale is established with 3526 participants i...

In this paper, we argue that the perceived misalignment between an MNC’s core espoused values and how these values are lived within the subsidiaries—termed as a perceived value gap—has a detrimental effect on the affective commitment of work groups in the subsidiaries. However, this negative effect is less pronounced if the perceived gap for a spec...

Chinese multinational enterprises (MNEs) face increasing tensions over global CSR integration and local CSR responsiveness. Drawing on institutional theory and applying fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, this study explores how 29 of China’s globally most influential MNEs respond to these opposing demands. We find that state influence and...

Recently, management researchers have paid increasing attention to two related topics, responsibility and accountability in organizations. The issue of responsibility has been applied largely to strategic leaders in terms of how they show concern for social issues and the needs of various types of stakeholders. Accountability is a concept that is r...

One of the biggest challenges facing multinational companies is building and sustaining a strong talent pipeline. To learn how leading multinational companies are facing up to the talent test, the team of authors examined both qualitative and quantitative data at leading companies from a wide range of industries. The research drew on 18 in-depth ca...

This study examines the effect of negative and positive incidental emotional states on both harmful behavior and prosocial behavior. We hypothesized that negative emotions will reduce harmful behaviors, whereas positive emotions will increase prosocial behaviors. The findings of two empirical studies confirm that negative incidental emotions reduce...

Despite recent calls for research that examines person-situation interactionist models of ethical workplace behavior, little is known about how managers’ personal characteristics and contextual factors combine and interact to influence unethical managerial behavior (UMB) in organizations. Adopting a multiple-set perspective, we examine the individu...

With the increasing exposure of dishonest, greedy, and unethical corporate leaders around the world, responsible leadership has emerged as a major theme in management discourse acknowledging that business leaders may have responsibilities that extend beyond their immediate economic and legal obligations. The concept of responsible leadership broade...

This article seeks to extend the literature on how change occurs in organizational routines by examining the link between routines and schemata and showing the cognitive and motivational factors involved. Using an in-depth analysis of a Japanese multinational, we develop an account of how a newly-implemented centralized performance management routi...

As part of the intense globalization of businesses and societies over the past few decades, millions of people find themselves dealing with colleagues, customers, and other stakeholders who grew up in a culture different from their own and who, in more ways than one, speak a “different language.” Moreover, skills shortages and economic conditions i...

Current theory and research in cross-cultural and comparative management tend to emphasize the “dark side” of culture, in that a pervasive bias exists towards emphasizing the adverse outcomes associated with cultural differences while de-emphasizing the potentially positive role of cultural diversity in organizations. The idea that there are negati...